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Most light meters measure the instantaneous photosynthetic photon ux density in µmol m-2 s-1 and yet plant growth is determined by the integrated daily photosynthetic photon ux density in mol m-2 d-1.
Here is how to convert from µmol m-2 s-1 to mol m-2 d-1 when using electric lights.
There are 3600 seconds in an hour. If the electric light output is constant, the instantaneous PPFD can be added up (integrated) over an hour.
This must be divided by a million(106) to convert from micromoles to moles: 3600 µmol m-2 h-1 = 0.0036 mol m-2 h-1.
If the electric lights are on continuously (24 hours), the hourly PPFD must be multiplied by 24 to get the daily PPFD: 0.0036 mol m-2 h-1 = 0.0864 mol m-2 d-1.
There are 86,400 seconds in a day (3600 x 24 hours) so the daily PPFD can be calculated directly from the instantaneous PPFD from the following equation: µmol m-2 s-1 multiplied by 86,400 and divided by
106 = mol m-2 d-1.
So: 1 µmol m-2 s-1 = 0.0864 mol m-2 d-1 with continuous light
These conversions are accurate only under electric lights. The integrated daily PPFD from sunlight changes during the day so a single measurement cannot be used to estimate daily PPFD.
Instantaneous PPFD Daily PPFD Instantaneous PPFD Daily PPFD Instantaneous PPFD Daily PPFD
(µmol m-2 s-1) (mol m-2 d-1) (µmol m-2 s-1) (mol m-2 d-1) (µmol m-2 s-1) (mol m-2 d-1)
2000 86.40
*There are 50 to 60 moles per m2 day on sunny summer days in outside areas without any shade.