Method SEC1 for evaluation of agarwood essential oil quality

Associate professor Dinh xuan Ba

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After making GC-MS analysis on Agarwood essential oil obtained from hydrodistillation
we have a data set of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). From VOCs we should pay
attention to the so-called Key compounds and Dominant compounds which are defined as
follows:

Key compound (KC for short) is the term that includes:

- Sesquiterpenes (having a common molecular formula C15H24)
- Sesquiterpenoids (having a common molecular formula C15H24O)
- Sesquiterpene alcohols (having a common molecular formula C15H26O)
in which Sesquiterpenoids and Sesquiterpene alcohols are called Dominant compound
(DC for short).

Practical experiences: The higher content of dominant compound the better aromatic scent
and therapeutic effects of agarwood essential oil. In other words, key compouds and
dominant compounds are very important for controlling the odor of fragrances and show a
wide range of biological activities (antibacterial, antivirus, antifungal, immune inhibition,
plant growth regulation, benefits to health,…). See also the article named
“Sesquiterpenoids: the Holy Fragrance Ingredients”
(https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283356716)

Important notice: From the GC-MS Test Report (in which there is a list of VOCs) in order
to find key compound name of each VOC, we have to use a special database whose name
is SO database ( S stands for SECOIN Applied Biology Center, O stands for oud that is an
other name of Agarwood) .

Notations:
Let a be the total content of all sesquiterpenes and their derivatives
Let b be the total content of all sesquiterpenoids and their derivatives
Let c be the total content of all sesquiterpene alcohols and their derivatives
Let d be the total content of all volatile aromatic compounds and their derivatives
Let e be the total content of all fatty acids and their derivatives
Let f be the total content of all allergens
Let g be the total content of all toxins
Let S be the total content of all VOCs listed in the GC-MS Test Report

Definition of x and y:
𝐱
x=a + b +c ; y =
a
 Basic Hypothesis:
- S ≥ 70%
- d ≥ 2%
- e ≤ 15%
- f=g=0

Method SEC1 for evaluation of agarwood essential oil quality:

An agarwood essential oil is evaluated in very good quality if: x ≥ 65% and y ≥ 6.25
So the bigger differences x-65% and y-6.25 the better quality of agarwood essential oil.
Note 1: If we want to set up a possible compromise between x and y then we should choose
two positive numbers ℽ and µ, (ℽ+ µ= 1), for forming the function z = ℽ* x + µ*y. So, the
bigger z the better quality of agarwood essential oil.
Note 2: Easily seen y = 1 + α in which α was mentioned in http://springjournals.net/full-
articles/springjournals.netijarrarticlesindex=11dinh-.pdf?view=inline (1). So if y ≥ 6.25
then α ≥ 5.25.
Example:
Oil Content of key compounds
e Other f g S
name a b c x y d z (*)
A2015 16.65 15.53 47.76 79.94 4.801201 7.18 0 11.71 0 0 98.83 19.82896
S2015 11.84 15.06 53.59 80.49 6.798142 7.43 0 12.08 0 0 100 21.53651
A2017 6.46 21.12 18.78 46.36 7.176471 3.53 14.31 9.68 0 0 83.88 15.01318
S2017 6.65 38.62 20.91 66.18 9.95188 1.06 4.08 0.75 0 0 72.07 21.1975
A2017a 6.54 23.18 16.42 46.14 7.055046 2.84 8.56 4.44 0 0 61.98 14.87204
Mala 11.62 46.42 20.52 78.56 6.760757 0.96 0 5.15 0 0 84.67 21.12061
Cvh5 43.96 25.48 7.34 76.78 1.746588 7.79 11.55 3.55 0 0 99.67 16.75327
IOO 77.42 8.09 0.56 86.07 1.111728 0 0 12.05 0 1.88 100 18.10338
CAi1 55.08 29.63 1.5 86.21 1.565178 2.21 5.79 3.93 0 0 98.14 18.49414
Cvb5 38.40 39.36 9.11 86.87 2.26224 3.84 0 9.27 0 0 99.98 19.18379
BNF3 23.06 30.32 2.51 55.89 2.423677 0 29.16 14.03 0 0 99.08 13.11694
FEI 13.91 47.37 20.82 82.10 5.902229 4.97 0 11.75 0 0 98.82 21.14178
(*)
z = 0.2*x + 0.8*y
(1)
Dinh xuan Ba - Suggested method for evaluation of agarwood oil quality - International
Journal of Agricultural Research and Reviews: ISSN-2360-7971, Vol. 5(6): pp, 644-646, June,
2017.

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