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Math for English Education Students

LECTURER : ELIH SUTISNA YANTO, M.Pd., MM

BASIC OPERATIONS 1

In our daily activities we cannot escape from recognizing and using basic
operations. They are essential in science and technology. They can be explored
widely in various sources.

When you learned arithmetic in elementary school, you used to solve such
problems as 3 +4 = 7; 7 – 4 = 3; 3 x 4 = 12; 12 : 3 = 4; 3 4 = 81, and so on. In English,
each of these operations is called addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and
power respectively. The problem is how to pronounce, elaborate, and use them in the
foreign language.

In this session, you will do a series of learning activities with regard to (1)
identifying, (2) differentiating, (3) pronouncing, (4) writing and (5) operating areas of
mathematics covering:

1. Digits, numbers, and figures;

2. addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division

3. fractions;

4. powers and roots;

5. proportions, percentages, averages;

6. factors, equations, and formulae

Special Objectives

Having followed the learning activities, the students are expected to have ability to
1. identify digits, numbers, and figures
2. differentiate digits from numbers and figures
3. pronounce symbolic representation of digits, numbers and figures
4. use digits, numbers and figures

Digits
numeral used in decimal system: any of the Arabic number system( numerals), the
location or position of a numeral (0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9) or 0 through 9 in the written whole
number expresses its value. In other words, that are used to represent numbers in the
decimal system. The word digit is a name given to the place or position of each numeral
in a whole number. The first numeral in the extreme right place (digit) of a whole number
is said to be in the ones column. The numeral in the next position (or digit) to the left is in
the tens column; the third digit, hundreds; the fourth digit, thousands; etc as shown in
Figure 1

Millions Hundred- Ten- Thousands Hundreds Tens Ones

thousands Thousands
8 7 6 5 4 3 2

A whole number like 432 is a simple way of saying 400 +30 +2. The number 432 has
three digits. Words are formed by combining letters; whole numbers are formed by
combining digits.

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Numbers

A number is a symbol or word commonly used to express value or quantity.

The Arabic number system is the one used most often in the United States. This system
includes ten numerals: 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9. These numerals may be combined to express
any desired number.
quantity: a quantity of people or things, especially a large quantity
 We have received a number of complaints.

We can say that 50 (fifty) and 27 (twenty-seven) are numbers. They are whole numbers.
People also call them integers, any positive or negative whole number or zero. Each of
the numbers mentioned i.e., 50 and 27, denotes quantity. Such numbers are commonly
called cardinal numbers or simply cardinals. You might also know the number 27 th ,
denotes an order or a certain position in a sequence. So , it is commonly called an ordinal
number or simply ordinal. As for the two numbers mentioned , i.e. 50 and 27, we can say
that 50 is an even number while 27 is an odd number.

Figures

Is a symbol representing number, or the digital representation of a number: a

symbol representing something other than a letter of the alphabet, especially a number

1. Digits, Numbers and Figures

Exercise 1.1

a. How many digits does each of the numbers below consist of?

1. 67 : two digits
2. 09 : two digits
3. 375 : three digits
4. 1007 : four digits
5. 00056 : five digits
6. 59794 : five digits
7. 66767 : five digits
8. 37650 : five digits
9. 250.900 : six digits
10. 900.331 : six digits
11. 199.977 : six digits
12. 005.600 : six digits

b. Complete the sentences below

1. My telephone is 608759; it consists of………6…..digits
2. My house number is 204. This number has 3……digits….,i.e., ……the 4
is the number..,…the 0 is the tens…… and…2 is the hundreds……..
3. Suppose your telephone number is 7870705. This number consists of
two digits 0,……one…digits eight, three……… digits seven ............,
and……… one digits 8 and five……….. ………..

Exercise 1.2

a. Identify whether each of the numbers below is even or odd. Then read them
out. Item 1 and 2 are given to you as examples.

1. 4 : (even) four
2. 11 : (odd) eleven
3. 16 : even sixteen
4. 33 : odd thirty three
5. 95 : odd ninety five
6. 148 : even one hundred and fourty eight

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7. 466 : even four hundred and sisxty six

8. 515 : odd five hundred and sixteen
9. 738 : even seven hundred and thirty eight
10. 904 : even nine

11. 1,06 :
12. 5,788 :
13. 6,003 :
14. 7,891 :
15. 9,864 :
16. 12,089 :
17. 35,903 :
18. 73,577 :
19.136,276 :
20. 690.051 :

b. Complete the sentences below

1. 3,27, and 50 are called …………,; they are also called……….. ………….
or ……..
2. The difference between numbers like 27 and 27th is that 27 denotes…
………………………..while 27th denotes………………………………..
3. In this case, 27 is called a …………… ………………… or simply ………….
While 27th is called ………… ………….. or …………..

Exercise 1.3

a. Write down the numbers below in figures. Item 1 is given to you as an

example.
1. thirty-six : 36
2. eighty-seventh :
3. three-hundred and twenty :
4. three-thousand and ninth :
5. two-thousand and sixty-four :
6. sixty point oh five :
7. one hundred and two point one :
8. sixty-thousand and sixty-second :
9. five-thousand and eight point nine :
10. thirty two point oh one five :

b. Complete the sentences below

1. The number twenty-seven can be represented as 27, which is called a

…………
2. Suppose you have three pens. You may say that the word three
consists of one………….. It shows the …………….of your pens, and can
be represented in the form of………….3.
3. If the last one of the three pens is gone, you may say that you lose
the…………….one.
4. We call the number 3 as a ………… because it denotes quantity, and
3rd as an…………… because it denotes………………

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Exercise 1.4

Instructions: Chose the option A, B, C or D in each of the following items which

is the best answer to the question.

1. When I say, I live in Jalan Pemuda 104, one, naught and four here are
called….
A. digits B. numbers C. figures D. integers
2. The property of cardinal number is that they denote……….
A. quality B. quantity C. order D. digits.
3. When I say, Tony is the second oldest child in the family, the word second
(2nd) is called a(n)………number
A. even B. odd C. cardinal D. ordinal
4. The digital representation of a number such as 304 is commonly called a(n)…
…
A. cardinal B. figure C. ordinal D. integer
5. The number 3309 may be read out as…..
A. three three oh nine
B. double three zero nine
C. three thousand three hundred nine
D. three thousand three hundreds nine

6. The expression six hundred ninety second can be represented as …….

A. 690.2 B. 692.0 C. 692nd D. 600 and 92

2. Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, and Division

Exercise 2.1

a. Read out the addition below

1. 6 + 8 = 14
2. 9 + 7 = 16
3. 13 + 5 = 18
4. 11 + 3 = ……
5. 16 + 6 = ……
6. 27 +…. = 46
7. ….+ 39 = 66
8. 57 + .. = 78
9. 276 + 483 =…….
10. 549 + …… = 907
b. Complete the sentences below!
1. When we………….one quality to another we use the symbol +(plus)
2. An operation like 3 + 4 = 7 is called……………………
3. The result of adding one quantity to another is called the ……………..
4. 6 + 9 = 15 can be read out ……………………….or…………………………..

Exercise 2.2

a. Read out the subtractions below! Item 1 is given to you as an example.

1. 12 – 7 = 5 (twelve minus seven equals five)
2. 29 – 16 =………….
3. 37 – 51 = …………
4. 153 - … = 59
5. 604 -…. = 299
6. 1344 – 861 =…………
7……….- 439 = 607
8. ……. – 812 = 707
9. 3788 – 1780 = 2008

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b. Complete the sentence below!

1. An operation like 12 – 7 = 5 is called……………….
2. When we………one quantity from another we use the symbol –(minus)
3. The result of subtracting a quantity from another is called the ………….
4. We read out 12 – 7 = 5 as………………………………..

Exercise 2.3

a. Read out the following multiplication. Item 1 given to you as an example.

1. 7 x 6 = 42 (seven times six equals forty two)

2. 9 x 13 =……
3. 11 x …….. = 77
4. 15 x …….. = 90
5. 23 x 12 =…….
6. ……. X 15 = 225
7. ……. X 16 =368
8. 25 x 20 =……..
9. 14 x 27 =………..
10. 46 x……… = 1518

b. Complete the sentences below!

1. When we…………one quantity to another we use the symbol x
(multiplied by or ………………….)
2. An operation such as 3 x 4 – 1 is commonly called………………
3. The result of multiplying one quantity by another is called the…………
4. We read out 5 x 8 = 40 as follows …………………………..

Exercise 2.4

a. Read out the division below. Item 1 is given to you as an example.

1. 15 : 3 = 5, fifteen divided by three equals five
2. 42 : 6 =……….
3. 64 : … = 0
4. 81 :…. = 9
5. 96 : 16 = ……
6. 117 : 13 = ………
7. 153 : ……. =9
8. …… : 14 =16
9…….. : 23 = 37
10. 752 : 16 =………

b. Complete the sentence below

1. When we………one quantity by another we use the symbol : (……………

….)
2. An operation like 12 : 4 = 3 is called a ……………..
i. The result of dividing a quantity by another is called the ………………..

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