NINETEENTH-CENTURY ARABIC ACCOUNTS

ON EUROPE
1. Published Works

[1] 1834. Rif_`a R_fi` al-T.aht._w_ (1801-1873) [Egypt -

Muslim]: Takhl_s. al-ibr_z il_ talkh_s. B_r_z, B_l_q, 210pp. Later editions of this
book appeared in 1265/1849 (B_l_q, 236pp.), 1295/1878 (Cairo, n. p., 239pp.),
1323/1905 (Cairo, D_r al- Taqaddum), 1378/1958 (ed. M. `All_m, A. A. Badaw_, & A.
L_q_, Cairo, Mus.t.af_ al-B_b_ al-H.alab_), 1973 (in al-A`m_l al-k_mila li Rif_`a
al-T.aht._w_, Beirut, al-Mu'assasa al-`Arabiyya li 'l-Dir_s_t wa 'l-Nashr, II, 7-266),
1975 (in Mah.m_d Fahm_ H.ij_z_ ed., Us._l al-fikr al-`Arab_ al-h.ad_th `inda
al-T.aht._w_, Cairo, al-Hay'a al-Mis.riyya li 'l-Kit_b, 139-413), [1982] (Cairo,
Maktabat al-Kulliyy_t al-Azhariyya/Beirut, D_r Ibn Zayd_n, 337pp.), 1993 (Cairo, n.
p.). Turkish trans. Rustum Efendi Basim, Sef_rat n_me-ye Rif_`at Bey, B_l_q,
1255/1839; abridged French trans. A. Louca, L'Or de Paris, Paris, Sindbad, 1988,
342pp.; German trans. K. Stowasser, Ein Muslim entdeckt Europa. Die Reise eines
Ägypters im 19. Jahrhundert nach Paris, Munich, C. H. Beck Verlag, 1989, 234pp.1
[2] 1852. Sulaym_n Ibn S.iy_m (Sliman Ben Siam) (1817-1898)
[Algeria - Muslim]: Kit_b al-rih.la il_ bil_d Farans_. Relation du voyage en France
de Si Sliman-Ben-Siam, Algiers (Mat.ba`at al-Dawla/Imprimerie du Gouvernement),
29/32pp.2
[3] 1855. Ah.mad F_ris (b. Y_suf) al-Shidy_q (1804-1887)
[Lebanon - Muslim]: al-S_q `al_ 'l-s_q fim_ huwa al-F_ry_q, aw ayy_m wa shuh_r
wa 'a`w_m f_ `ajam al-`Arab wa 'l-a`j_m. La vie et les aventures de Fariac.
Relation de ses voyages avec ses observations critiques sur les Arabes et sur les autres
peuples, Paris (Benjamin Duprat), 712pp. Later editions are: 1919 (Cairo, Maktabat
al-`Arab, 117/439/23pp.); 1920 (Cairo, al-Maktaba al-Tij_riyya); 1922 (Beirut, D_r
Maktabat al-H.ay_t); 1966 (ed. Nas_b Wah_ba al-Kh_z_n, Beirut, D_r al-H.ay_t,
742pp.), 1982 (abridged ed. `I. Sulh., I`tir_f_t al-Shidy_q f_ kit_b al-s_q `al_ 'l-s_q,
Beirut, D_r al-R_'id al-`Arab_).3 French trans. R. Khawam, La jambe sur la jambe,
Paris, 1991.
[4] 1856. Sal_m Ibn M_s_ Bustrus al-Bayr_t_ (1839-1883)
[Lebanon - Christian]: al-Nuzha al-sh_hiyya fi 'l-rih.la al- Sal_miyya, Beirut
(al-Mat.ba`a al-S_riyya), 132pp.4
[5] 1866-67. Ah.mad F_ris al-Shidy_q: al-W_sit.a f_ ma`rifat
ah.w_l M_lt.a. This book, which was finished in 1862, was published in one volume
together with Kashf al-mukhabba' f_ fun_n '_rubb_ in Tunis (al-Mat.ba`a

1
H. Pérès 1935-40: 188.; `_. Nus.ayr, op. cit., 242, Nos.
9/156-159; Y. Sark_s, op. cit., 943-944. For an analysis of this work see A. Louca 1970: 33-74.
2
H. Pérès 1935-40: 188 (with the number of pages
incorrectly at 38).
3
H. Pérès, ibid. Cf. R. Wielandt, op. cit., 77-90; H.
Ewald, in ZDMG, V:2, 1851, 249-257; M. Peled, in Arabica, XXXII, 1985; idem, in JAL, 22,
1991, 127-145.
4
GAL, II, 757; Y. Sark_s, op. cit., 563; C. Van Dyke 1897:
415; al-Hil_l, VII, 514-515; `U. Kah.h._la, op. cit., IV, 250; L. Shaykh_ 1991: 255-256; J.
Zayd_n, op. cit., IV, 286; idem 1922: 145-48; G. Graf, op. cit., IV, 303.
al-Rasmiyya) in 1283/1866-1867 (386pp.); 2nd ed. Constantinople (Mat.ba`at
al-Jaw_'ib), 1299/1881, 361pp.).5
[6] 1866. Sulaym_n al-H.ar_'ir_ (1824-1875) [Tunisia -
Muslim]: `Ard. al-bad._'i` al-`_mm, Paris (G. Lousset, Clet et Cie), 6pp. French
trans.: Exposition universelle de Paris. Année 1867 (Imprimerie V. Goupy), 1866.
[7] 1867. Frans_s (b. Fath. All_h b. Nas.r All_h) Marr_sh
al-H.alab_ (1836-1873) [Syria - Christian]: Kit_b rih.lat B_r_s, Beirut (al-Mat.ba`a
al-Sharqiyya), 72pp.6
[8] 1867. Khayr al-D_n al-T_nis_ (1810-1890) [Tunisia -
Muslim]: Aqwam al-mas_lik f_ ma`rifat ah.w_l al-mam_lik, Tunis (al-Mat.ba`a
al-Rasmiyya), 468/50pp. The introduction (pp. 2-89) has been reprinted several times:
1285/1868 (Cairo, n.p.); 1876 (Constantinople, Mat.ba`at al-Jaw_'ib); 1299/1881-1882
(Alexandria, n.p., 96pp.); 1972 (M. al-Shan_f_ ed., Tunis, MTE, 331pp.); 1978 (M.
Ziy_da ed., Beirut, D_r al-T.al_`a, 231pp.); 1985 (Beirut). To date, only the
introduction has been translated: (part.) French trans. supervised by the author,
Réformes nécessaires aux états musulmans. Essai formant la première partie de
l'ouvrage politique et statistique intitulé: La plus sûre direction pour connaître l'état
des nations, Paris, P. Dupont, 1868, 79pp. This was reprinted in 1875 (Saint-Omer,
typogr. H. d'Homont, 74pp.; Paris, P. Dupont, 79pp.) and re-edited in 1987 (M. Morsy,
Aix-en-Provence, Edisud, 155pp.), with extracts appearing in the Revue Tunisienne (no
12, 1896, 501-522). Turkish trans. Ism_`_l H.aqq_, Mukaddime-i Akv_m el-mas_lik
fi marifet ul-ahv_l al-mem_lik, Constantinople, Mat.ba`at al-Jaw_'ib, 1296/1878;
English trans., Necessary reforms of the musulman states. Essay which forms the first
part of the political and statistical work entitled 'The surest way to know the state of
nations', Athens, 1874; L. C. Brown, The surest path. The political treatise of a
nineteenth-century Muslim statesman, Cambridge Mass., Harvard University Press,
1967, 182pp.
[9] 1867. Nakhla S._lih. (al-Armin_) (d. 1899) [Syria -
Christian]: al-Kanz al-mukhabba' li 'l-siy_h.a f_ Urubb_, Cairo (lithogr.), 168pp.7
[10] 1878. Ah.mad al-Q_d._ (Si Ahmad Ould Kadi) (1845-1951)
[Algeria - Muslim]: al-Rih.la al-q_d.iyya f_ madh. Firans_ wa tabs._r ahl
al-b_diyya. Impressions de voyage à Paris, Algiers, 46/IV/ 46pp.8
[11] 1882. `Al_ (B_sh_) Mub_rak (1824-1893) [Egypt -
Muslim]: `Alam al-D_n, 4 vols, Alexandria (Mat.ba`at al-Mah.r_sa).9
5
EI1, EI2, s.v. "F_ris al-Shidy_q" (C. Brockelmann; A. G.
Karam); H. Pérès 1935-40: 188; J. Quémeneur 1962: 152; C. Van Dyke, op. cit., 406. On
al- W_sit.a, see R. Wielandt, op. cit., 90-98; P. Cachia, in Maltese Folklore Review, 1962-1963,
I:1, 62-69, I:2, 110-116, I:3, 232-243.
6
R. Wielandt, op. cit., 98ff.; H. Pérès, ibid., 189; idem
1969, 9; Y. D_ghir, op. cit., II, 668-670; C. Van Dyke, op. cit., 483; G. Graf, op. cit., IV, 313-
315; L. Shaykh_ 1924: 188 (No. 727). EI2, s.v. "Marr_sh" (N. Tomiche); GAL, II, 493-494,
GALS, II, 755-756.
7
GALS, II, 749, GALS, III, 378; `U. Kah.h._la, op. cit.,
XIII, 83; `_. Nus.ayr, op. cit., 242, (No. 9/151); H. Pérès 1935-40: 189; Y. Sark_s, op. cit., 1189.
8
H. Pérès, ibid., 189. Cf. AN LH19/64. Also see AN, Dép.
d'Outre-Mer (former Archives du Gouvernement général de l'Algérie), 10 H 40, 34 JJ 25, 1 JJ
395, 1 J 170-72.
9
EI1, s.v. "`Al_ Mub_rak" (K. Vollers); Y. Sark_s, op.
cit., 1367-69; L. Shaykh_ 1991: 223; Y. D_ghir, op. cit., III/2, 869-872; J. Brugman, op. cit.,
65-68; `_. Nus.ayr, op. cit., 222 (No. 8/960). On `Al_ Mub_rak's views on Europe, see: A. Louca
 [12] 1884-1886. Muh.ammad Bayram al-Kh_mis al-T_nis_
(1840-1889) [Tunisia - Muslim]: S.afwat al-i`tib_r bi-mustawda` al-ams._r
wa'l-aqt._r, 4 vols, Cairo (al-Mat.ba`at al- I`l_miyya), 156/148/166/168pp.
[13] 1887-1889: H.asan Tawf_q Ibn `Abd al-Rah.m_n al-`Adl
(1862-1904) [Egypt - Muslim]: al-Rih.la al-Birl_niyya, Cairo (Naz._rat al-Ma`_rif),
13 fascicles.10
[14] 1888-1890. Muh.ammad Shar_f Sal_m (1861-1925) [Egypt -
Muslim]: Rih.la il_ _r_b_', Cairo, 6 fasc. (82pp.).11
[15] 1890. H.asan Tawf_q Ibn `Abd al-Rah.m_n al-`Adl: Ras_'il
al-bushr_ fi 'l-siy_h.a bi Alm_niy_ wa Suw_sar_ sanat 1889, Cairo, 55pp. (2nd ed.
B_l_q, 1891).12
[16] 1890. H.amza Fath. All_h (al-Mis.r_) (1849-1918) [Egypt-
Muslim]: B_k_rat al-kal_m `al_ h.uq_q al-nis_' fi 'l-Isl_m, B_l_q, 107pp.13
[17] 1891. Mah.m_d `Umar al-B_j_r_ (d. 1905) [Egypt -
Muslim]: al-Durar al-bahiyya fi 'l-rih.lat al-_rub_wiyya, Cairo (Mat.ba`at
Muh.ammad Mus.t.af_), 96pp.14
[18] 1891. D_mitr_ (b.) Na`imat All_h Khall_t. al-T.ar_buls_
(d. 1934) [Lebanon - Christian]: Sifr al-safar il_ ma`rad. al-h.ad.ar, Cairo (Mat.ba`at
al-Muqtat.af), 282pp.15
[19] Ya`q_b S.an_`/Ab_ Naz.z._ra (Zarq_) (1813-1912) [Egypt -
Jew]: Mah._mid al-Farans_s wa was.f B_r_s, Paris, Impr. Lefebvre, 1891, 46pp.16
[20] 1892. Muh.ammad Am_n Fikr_ (1856-1900) [Egypt -
Muslim]: Irsh_d al-alibb_' il_ mah._sin _rubb_', Cairo (Mat.ba`at al-Muqtat.af),
821pp.17
[21] 1892. Muh.ammad al-San_s_ (1850-1900) [Tunisia -
Muslim]: al-Istit.l_`_t al-B_r_siyya f_ ma`arad. sanat 1889, Tunis (al-Mat.ba`a al-
Rasmiyya), 279pp.
[22] 1893. Khal_l Sark_s (1842-1910) [Lebanon - Christian]:

1970: 84-100; M. al-Sharqawi, in Revue du Caire, (July/August) 1960, 1-14.

10
Y. Sark_s, op. cit., 756-757; `U. Kah.h._la, op. cit., III,
95; Y. D_ghir, op. cit., III/1, 312-313; `_. Nus.ayr, op. cit., 241 (Nos. 9/101 and 9/102); H. Pérès,
ibid., 190.
11
H. Pérès, ibid., 190; `U. Kah.h.ala, op. cit., X, 67; Y.
Sark_s, op. cit., 1665; Kh. al-Zirikl_, op. cit., V, 29; A. Louca 1970: 104-107.
12
Y. Sark_s, op. cit., 757; Y. D_ghir, op. cit., III/1,
312; `U. Kah.h._la, op. cit., III, 95; `_. Nus.ayr, op. cit., 242 (No. 9/155); H. Pérès, ibid., 190.
13
A. Louca, op. cit., 203-209; `_. Nus.ayr, op. cit., 129
(No. 3/800). H. Pérès 1935: 190; Y. Sark_s, op. cit., 795-797; Y. D_ghir, op. cit., III/1, 339-340;
GALS, II, 725; L. Shaykh_ 1991: 354.
14
H. Pérès, ibid., 190; `U. Kah.h.ala, op. cit., XII, 184-
185; Kh. al-Zirikl_, op. cit., VIII, 56-57; Y. Sark_s, op. cit., 510-511; `_. Nus.ayr, op. cit., 242
(Nos. 9/149, 9/150); A. Louca, op. cit., 206-208; GALS, II, 727.
15
Y. Sark_s, op. cit., 832; `U. Kah.h._la, op. cit., IV, 146;
`_. Nus.ayr, op. cit., 242 (No. 9/146); H. Pérès, ibid., 190; G. Graf, op. cit., IV, 303.
16
H. Pérès 1935: 189; A. Louca, op. cit., 168-169.
17
H. Pérès, ibid., 190; C. Van Dyke, op. cit., 414; Y.
Sark_s, op. cit., 1455; `_. Nus.ayr, op. cit., 253 (Nos. 9/472, 9/473); EI1, EI2, s.v. "Fikr_" (J.
Jomier); L. Shaykh_ 1991: 222-223; J. Zayd_n 1957: IV, 264; idem 1922: 272-278; A. Louca,
op. cit., 197-202.
Rih.lat Mud_r al-Lis_n (Khal_l Sark_s) il_ al-'_sit_na wa 'Urubb_ wa Amr_k_,
Cairo (al-Mat.ba`a al-Adabiyya), 141pp.18
[23] 1893. Ah.mad Zak_ P_sh_ (1867-1934) [Egypt]: al-Safar
il_ 'l-mu'tamar, B_l_q, 400pp. (2nd ed. B_l_q, 1894, 400pp.).19
[24] 1895. Ah.mad Shawq_ (1868-1932) [Egypt - Muslim]:
A`m_l_ fi 'l-mu'tamar, B_l_q, 69pp.20
[25] 1900. `Al_ P_sh_ Ab_ 'l-Fut_h. (1876-1913) [Egypt -
Muslim]: Siy_h.at Mis.r_ f_ '_rubb_ sanat 1900, Cairo (Mat.ba`at al-Maws_`_t),
88pp.21
[26] 1900. Ah.mad Zak_ P_sh_: al-Duny_ f_ B_r_z. L'Univers
à Paris, Cairo, 272/8/8pp.22
[27] 1900. Adw_r Ily_s [Egypt - Muslim]: Kit_b mash_hid
'Urubb_ wa 'Amr_k_, Cairo (Mat.ba`at al-Muqtat.af), 512pp.23
[28] 1900. Muh.ammad Ibn al-Kh_ja (d. 1325/1907-8) [Tunisia-
Muslim]: Sul_k al-ibr_z f_ mas_lik B_r_z, Tunis (al-Mat.ba`a al-Rasmiyya), 89pp.

2. Manuscripts
Muh.ammad R_h._ al-Kh_lid_ (1864-1913) [Palestine - Muslim]:
Rih.la il_ al-Andalus24;
Luw_s b. Ya`q_b b. Ibr_h_m al-S._bunj_ (1833-1931) [Syria -
Christian]: al-Rih.la al-nah.liyya.25
Captain (s._ghq_l-agh_s_) Mur_d [Tunisia - Muslim]: Rih.la.26
Muh.ammad al-S.aff_r (d. 1881) [Morocco - Muslim]: Rih.la.27
Muh.ammad Ibn `Uthm_n al-H.ash_'ish_ (1855-1912) [Tunisia -

18
Y. D_ghir, op. cit., III/1, 532-34; H. Pérès, ibid., 191;
GAL, II, 496, GALS, II, 771; Y. Sark_s, op. cit., 1020-1021; L. Shaykh_ 1924: 227 (no 897);
idem 1991: 378.
19
H. Pérès, ibid., 191; idem 1937: 72-87; A. Louca, op.
cit., 209-221; N. Paradela Alonso, op. cit., 139-51; Y. Sark_s, op. cit., 971; `_. Nus.ayr, op. cit.,
242 (Nos. 9/152 and 9/153); C. Van Dyke, op. cit., 417; GALS, III, 281-283. The section of the
rih.la dealing with Spain appeared separately under the title Rih.la il_ 'l-Andalus (ed. M. K_mil
al-Jat._b, Damascus, 1990).
20
Cf. `_. Nus.ayr, op. cit., 4 (No. 0/112); H. Pérès 1935-
1940: 191; Y. Sark_s, op. cit., 1158-1160.
21
H. Pérès 1935: 191; `U. Kah.h._la, op. cit., VII, 22.
22
H. Pérès, ibid., 191; `_. Nus.ayr, op. cit., 242 (No.
9/154).
23
Y. Sark_s, op. cit., 418.
24
Cf. Y. D_ghir, op. cit., II, 326; A. Chejne, op. cit.,
212-213; L. Shaykh_ 1991: 356; Y. Sark_s, op. cit., 813-814; Kh. al-Zirikl_, op. cit., III, 64.
25
Cf. EI2, s.v. "S._bundj_" (J. Fontaine); Y. D_ghir, op.
cit., II, 511-514; Y. Sark_s, op. cit., 1177; L. Shaykh_ 1991: 458; Ph. d_ T.arr_z_, op. cit., II, 47,
52, IV, 340-341. Parts of this world trip were published in Constantinople in 1874.
26
Cf. B. Mokadem, "Une mission tunisienne à Paris (Février-
Mai 1853), RA, 90, 1946, 58-98. Also see Ith._f, IV, 143 (Ith._f3, 184).
27
Bibliothèque Générale, Rabat, no 113. See M. al-Khat.t._b_1987. The entire work was
translated into English by S. Gibson Miller (1992).
Muslim]: Was.f ma`rad. B_r_s.28
Y_suf H.ab_b B_kh_s (1845-1882) [Lebanon - Christian]:
`Ishr_n yawm f_ R_m_.29

3. Travelogues contained in other works

`Al_ b. Sal_m al-Ward_n_ al-T_nis_ (1861-1915) [Tunisia -
Muslim]: al-Rih.la al-Andalusiyya, 1888-1890, al-H._d.ira.30
Ah.mad b. Kh_lid al-N_s.ir_ al-Sal_w_ (1835-1895) [Morocco -
Muslim]: Kit_b al-istiqs._ li-akhb_r duwal al-Maghrib al-aqs._, IV, Cairo
(Mat.ba`at Muh.ammad Mus.t.af_), 1312/1894, 229 (IX, Casablanca, 1956, 116).
French trans. E. Fumey: Chronique de la Dynastie alaouite du Maroc (1631-1894),
Archives Marocaines, vol IX, tome II, 1907, 260-263.31
Muh.ammad R_h._ al-Kh_lid_: al-Rih.la al-Kh_lidiyya il_ markaz
al-madaniyya, in al-Tawaddud (February-July 1895), ed. Ab_ Naz.z._ra.32
Ah.mad Shawq_: al-Shawqiyy_t, Cairo (Mat.ba`at al-_d_b wa
'l-Mu'ayyad), 1898 [1899].33

4. Works Published in the 20th Century

Nas_m Khall_t. (1833-1901) [Lebanon - Christian]: Siy_h.a f_

gharb_ _r_bb_, Cairo (Mat.ba`at al-Muqtat.af), 1901, 170pp.34
Muh.ammad Lab_b al-Batan_n_ (d. 1938) [Egypt- Muslim]:
Rih.lat al-s.ayf il_ _r_b_', Cairo (Mat.ba`at al-Liw_'), 1901, 262pp.35
Muh.ammad Tawf_q al-Bakr_ (1870-1932) [Egypt - Muslim]:
S.ah_r_j al-lu'lu', Cairo (Mat.ba`at al-Hil_l), 1906, 388pp. (2nd ed. 1917);36
Ah.mad Shawq_: Karmat Ibn H_ni' (ed. T. al-R_`_), Cairo
(al-Mat.ba`a al-Rah.m_niyya), 1923 (pp. 9-13).37
Muh.ammad al-Muwaylih._ (1858-1930) [Egypt - Muslim]: H.ad_th
`_s_ b. Hish_m aw fatra min al-zaman, 4th ed., Cairo (Mat.ba`at Mis.r), 1927, 375-

28
Cf. A. H.am_da 1969: 678-684.
29
`U. Kah.h._la, op. cit., XIII, 287 ("`Ishr_n yawm f_
R_ma"); Y. D_ghir, op. cit., II, 157-158; L. Shaykh_ 1924: 51 (No. 165); idem 1991: 254-255.
30
A printed edition appeared recently, ed. `Abd al-Yabb_r
al-Shar_f, Tunis, 1984.
31
H. Pérès, ibid., 189; GAL, II, 510; GALS, II, 888-889;
EI1, s.v. "al-Sl_w_" (E. Lévi-Provençal) Y. D_ghir, op. cit., III/1, 559; J. Zayd_n 1957: IV, 264;
Y. Sark_s, op. cit., 1040; Kh. al-Zirikl_, op. cit., I, 118; Ibn S_da, op. cit., 43.
32
A. Louca, op. cit., 169-171. Also see supra.
33
See A. Louca, op. cit., 242-243, 264-265; H. Pérès 1935-
1940: 190; `_. Nus.ayr, op. cit., 206 (No. 8/425). For a translation of Shawq_'s introduction, in
which he recounts his first journey to France (1890), see H. Pérès, in Annales de l'Institut
d'Etudes Orientales d'Alger, II, 1936, 313-340.
34
H. Pérès, ibid., 191; Y. Sark_s, op. cit., 832.
35
H. Pérès 1935-40: 191; GALS, II, 749; `U. Kah.h._la, op. cit., XI, 165; Y. Sark_s, op. cit.,
524-525; Kh. al-Zirikl_, op. cit., VII, 237-238.
36
A. Louca, op. cit., 222-225.
37
H. Pérès, ibid., 190; Y. Sark_s, op. cit., 1158; Y. D_ghir, op. cit., II, 492.
462 ("al-Rih.la al-th_niyya").38
Ibn Ab_ 'l-D.iy_f (d. 1874) [Tunisia - Muslim]: Ith._f ahl
al-zam_n bi akhb_r mul_k T_nis wa `ahd al-am_n, IV, Tunis, 1963, 96-110 (Ith._f3,
136-150, par. 123-135).
Ab_ 'l-`Abb_s Ah.mad b. Muh.ammad b. `Abd al-Q_dir al-Kil_n_,
known as al-Kard_d_ (1840-1898) [Morocco - Muslim]: al-Tuh.fa al-saniyya li
'l-h.ad.ra al-shar_fa al-H.asaniyya bi 'l-mamlaka al-Isbany_liyya, ed. `Abd
al-Wah_b b. Mans._r, Rabat, 1963.39 Ab_ `Abd All_h Muh.ammad al-T._hir b. `Abd
al-Rah.m_n al-F_s_
(d. 1870) [Morocco - Muslim]: al-Rih.la il-ibr_ziyya li diy_r al-Inkl_ziyya, ed.
Muh.ammad al-F_s_, Fès, 1967.40
Muh.ammad al-San_s_: al-Rih.la al-H.ij_ziyya, ed. `Al_ al-
Shann_f_, 3 vols, Tunis, 1976-81.
Idr_s b. al-Waz_r b. Idr_s al-`Amr_w_ (d. 1878) [Morocco -
Muslim]: Tuh.fat al-malik al-`az_z bi-mamlakat B_r_z, ed. Zak_ Mub_rak, Rabat,
1989; French trans. Mub_rak Zak_, Idriss Ben Idriss Lamraoui, Ambassadeur
marocain à Paris en 1860. La société française sous Napoléon III, Rabat, 1989.41
Muh.ammad `Ayy_d al-T.ant._w_ (1810-1861) [Egypt - Muslim]:
Tuh.fat al-adhkiy_ bi akhb_r bil_d R_siy_, ed. Muh.ammad `_s_ S._lih.iya, Beirut,
1992.42

38
Cf. A. Louca, op. cit., 225-237; H. Pérès, ibid., 191.
39
N. Paradela Alonso, op. cit., 123-26. H. Pérès, ibid., 189; idem 1937: 42-51; A. Kaddouri, op.
cit., 129-130, 133-134. Unfortunately, I have not been able to consult Ibn Mans._r's edition, and
references to al-Kard_d_'s work are to a microfilm copy of the unpaginated Mss no 1282 (Rabat
Royal Library).
40
Cf. Ibn S_da, op. cit., 393 (No. 1218).
41
Ibn S_da, op. cit., 376-377 (No. 1153).
42
Cf. EI1, s.v. "al-T.ant._w_" (Ign. Krachkovsky); GAL, II, 479; L. Shaykh_ 1991: 189; H.
Pérès, ibid., 188; Y. D_ghir, op. cit., III/1, 727-728; `U. Kah.h._la, op. cit., XI, 100-101; M.
Fikr_, op. cit., 609-610.