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Sound is a longitudinal mechanical pressure wave with the particles traveling directly toward
or directly away from the vibration source.

 

 

Sound waves have two phases, compression and rarefaction, or decompression.

When you look at snapshot of a pressure wave, you'll see points where compression and
rarefaction are taking place. Compressions are places where the carrier medium is denser
than at equilibrium. Rarefaction occurs at places in between, where the carrier medium is
less dense. Note again, that the individual particles only move directly toward or directly
away from the vibration source to create compression or rarefaction.

For more discussion about compression and rarefaction, see sound wave interference.




Wavelength is merely the distance between two compression or rarefaction cycles.

Since a pressure wave repeats its pattern once every wave cycle, the wavelength is the
distance between two adjacent compression cycles, or the distance that the compression
wave traveled through the medium in one cycle. In other words, the wavelength is the
distance from one compression to the next, or from one rarefaction to the next, and is the
 distance the wave traveled through the medium in one cycle. It is interesting to note that
the same vibration will have different wavelengths depending on the carrier medium.


      

   

It is easier to draw a pressure wave as a transverse wave. Imagine you set up a microphone
and measured the instantaneous pressure as sound waves traveled by. You would be
converting the pressure waves into a transverse wave diagram that is easier and more
convenient to draw.

Remember, the sound is still a longitudinal pressure wave, but by looking at the
microphone's pressure measurements, we can more easily draw the sound wave as a
transverse wave. If we drive a speaker with the microphone's transverse wave, the speaker
will convert the transverse pressure signal into an actual longitudinal pressure wave that we
can hear as sound.

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Œa) Nerve cell

Œb) Muscle cell
Œc) Liver cell
Œd) Kidney cell
Ñ mm mmm m mmm
mm m  m m
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Œa) Cell wall
Œb) Nuclearmembrane
Œc) Tonoplast
Œd) Plasma membrane
Ñ mmm m m
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Œb) Robert hooke
Œc) Flemming
Œd) Robert Brown
Ñ mm mmm m
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Œa) Schleiden and Schwann
Œb) Watson and Crick
Œc) Darwin and Wallace
Œd) Mendel and Morgan
Ñ mm mm mm   mmmm  mm
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Œb) Mitochondria
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·


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