HEALTH EDUCATION EVENTS UNIT

UNDERSTANDING CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE

(COPD)

SUBMIT BY:

PERMANA SIDIK

NPM : 1216012

NURSING UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAM

RAJAWALI COLLAGE OF HEALTH
2017
 HEALTH EDUCATION EVENTS UNIT

Subject : English in Nursing

Topic : Understanding chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Target : Smokers, patient and family with COPD

Day/Date : Saturday, 7 January 2017

Time : 5-15 minutes
Speakers : Permana Sidik

1. Purpose
To explain about COPD
2. Instructional objectives general
After being given health information for 5-15 minutes, is expected patient
and family can understand more about COPD.
3. Specific Instructional targeted
a. Families and patient were able to explain the definition of COPD
b. Families and patient were able to mention the cause of COPD
c. Families and patient were able to mention of signs and symptoms of
COPD
d. Families and patient were able to mention of self management for COPD
4. The participants characteristics
The participant is people for all, especially for family and patient with COPD
5. Learning method
Video education & asked questions
6. Analysis task targeted
a. Explaining
b. Describing
c. Demonstrating
7. Media
Audio and video
8. Activity

No Time Activity Target

1 1 minutes Opening :
a. Open / commenced a. Answering
with greetings greetings
b. Introduce myself b. Listen
c. Explaining the purpose c. Listen
of the extension
d. Mention the extension d. Listen and
materials pay
attention
e. Asked the family e. Answer the
whether it knows about question
COPD
2 5 minutes Implementation :
a. Explain the definition of a. Listen
COPD
b. Provide an opportunity b. Asking
for participants to ask question
questions
c. Explains the causes of c. Listen
COPD
d. Provide an opportunity d. Asking
for participants to ask question
questions
e. Explaining the signs and e. Listen
symptoms of COPD
f. Provide an opportunity f. Asking
 for participants to ask question
questions
g. Explaining self g. Listen
Management for COPD
h. Provide an opportunity h. Asking
for participants to ask question
questions
3 2 minutes Evaluation & termination :
a. Asked the family and a. Answer the
patient whether already question
understand about
COPD
b. Thank you for your b. Listen
participation
c. Closing. c. Answering
greetings

9. Evaluation
Family and patient with COPD can:
a. Explain the definition of COPD
b. Mention the cause of COPD
c. Mention the signs and symptoms of COPD
d. Mention the self management for COPD
10. Material of subject
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
COPD is an umbrella term used to describe progressive lung diseases
including emphysema, chronic bronchitis, refractory (non-reversible) asthma,
and some forms of bronchiectasis. This disease is characterized by increasing
breathlessness.
Many people mistake their increased breathlessness and coughing as a normal
part of aging. In the early stages of the disease, you may not notice the
symptoms. COPD can develop for years without noticeable shortness of
breath. You begin to see the symptoms in the more developed stages of the
disease. That’s why it is important that you talk to your doctor as soon as you
notice any of these symptoms. Ask your doctor about taking
a spirometry test.

What are the signs and symptoms of COPD?

 Increased breathlessness

 Frequent coughing (with and without sputum)

 Wheezing

 Tightness in the chest

How common is COPD?

COPD affects an estimated 30 million individuals in the U.S., and over half
of them have symptoms of COPD and do not know it. Early screening can
identify COPD before major loss of lung function occurs.

What are the risk factors and common causes of COPD?

Most cases of COPD are caused by inhaling pollutants; that includes smoking
(cigarettes, pipes, cigars, etc.), and second-hand smoke.
Fumes, chemicals and dust found in many work environments are
contributing factors for many individuals who develop COPD.

Genetics can also play a role in an individual’s development of COPD—even

if the person has never smoked or has ever been exposed to strong lung
irritants in the workplace.

Here is more information on the top three risk factors for developing COPD:

Smoking
COPD most often occurs in people 40 years of age and older who have a
history of smoking. These may be individuals who are current or former
smokers. While not everybody who smokes gets COPD, most of the
individuals who have COPD (about 90% of them) have smoked.

Environmental Factors
COPD can also occur in those who have had long-term contact with harmful
pollutants in the workplace. Some of these harmful lung irritants include
certain chemicals, dust, or fumes. Heavy or long-term contact with
secondhand smoke or other lung irritants in the home, such as organic
cooking fuel, may also cause COPD.

Genetic Factors
Even if an individual has never smoked or been exposed to pollutants for an
extended period of time, they can still develop COPD. Alpha-1 Antitrypsin
Deficiency (AATD) is the most commonly known genetic risk factor for
emphysema2. Alpha-1 Antitrypsin related COPD is caused by a deficiency of
the Alpha-1 Antitrypsin protein in the bloodstream. Without the Alpha-1
Antitrypsin protein, white blood cells begin to harm the lungs and lung
deterioration occurs. The World Health Organization and the American
Thoracic Society recommends that every individual diagnosed with COPD be
tested for Alpha-1.
Because not all individuals with COPD have AATD, and because some
individuals with COPD have never smoked, it is believed that there are other
genetic predispositions to developing COPD.

To understand COPD, it helps to understand how the lungs work. The air that
you breathe goes down your windpipe into tubes in your lungs called
bronchial (BRONG-ke-al) tubes or airways.

Within the lungs, your bronchial tubes branch into thousands of smaller,
thinner tubes called bronchioles (BRONG-ke-ols). These tubes end in
bunches of tiny round air sacs called alveoli (al-VEE-uhl-eye).

Small blood vessels called capillaries (KAP-ih-lare-ees) run through the walls
of the air sacs. When air reaches the air sacs, oxygen passes through the air
sac walls into the blood in the capillaries. At the same time, carbon dioxide (a
waste gas) moves from the capillaries into the air sacs. This process is called
gas exchange.

The airways and air sacs are elastic (stretchy). When you breathe in, each air
sac fills up with air like a small balloon. When you breathe out, the air sacs
deflate and the air goes out.

In COPD, less air flows in and out of the airways because of one or more of
the following:

 The airways and air sacs lose their elastic quality.

 The walls between many of the air sacs are destroyed.

 The walls of the airways become thick and inflamed.

 The airways make more mucus than usual, which can clog them.
Normal Lungs and Lungs With COPD

Figure A shows the location of the lungs and airways in the body. The inset
image shows a detailed cross-section of the bronchioles and alveoli. Figure B
shows lungs damaged by COPD. The inset image shows a detailed cross-
section of the damaged bronchioles and alveolar walls.
In the United States, the term "COPD" includes two main conditions—
emphysema (em-fih-SE-ma) and chronic bronchitis (bron-KI-tis). (Note: The
Health Topics article about bronchitis discusses both acute and chronic
bronchitis.)

In emphysema, the walls between many of the air sacs are damaged. As a
result, the air sacs lose their shape and become floppy. This damage also can
destroy the walls of the air sacs, leading to fewer and larger air sacs instead of
many tiny ones. If this happens, the amount of gas exchange in the lungs is
reduced.

In chronic bronchitis, the lining of the airways is constantly irritated and

inflamed. This causes the lining to thicken. Lots of thick mucus forms in the
airways, making it hard to breathe.

Most people who have COPD have both emphysema and chronic bronchitis.
Thus, the general term "COPD" is more accurate.

Self-management plan for COPD

a. Consult your healthcare provider

b. Seek diagnosis and intervention therapies

c. Quit smoking

d. Pulmonary rehabilitation

e. Healthy diet and exercise

f. Maintain a positive outlook

11. References
a. Somantri, Irman. 2008. Keperawatan Medikal Bedah : Asuhan
Keperawatan pada Pasien dengan Gangguan Sistem Pernafasan. Jakarta:
Salemba Medika.
b. https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/copd.
c. http://www.copdfoundation.org/What-is-COPD/Understanding-
COPD/What-is-COPD.aspx
d. http://www.AnimatedCOPDPatient.com