1.

Describe the distinguishing characteristics of carbohydrates

A carbohydrate is a simple sugar. It is composed of the elements carbon,
hydrogen, and oxygen.
2. Describe the important biological functions of polysaccharides.
It is the energy storage or structural support.
3. Explain what distinguishes lipids from other classes of biological
macromolecules.
Lipids do not have polymers but share the same little to no affinity for
water, which groups them together.
4. Describe the unique properties, building blocks and biological roles of
fats, phospholipids and steroids.
Fats: Made of glycerol and 3 fatty acids. Can form saturated or unsaturated
fats. Serve as energy storage.
Phospholipids: Made of glycerol and two fatty acids. Form bilayers and are
found in cell membrane
Steroids: Made of carbon skeleton with 4 fused rings. Many make
hormones
5. Distinguish proteins from the other classes of macromolecules
Proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acid
6. List the biological functions which proteins perform
Fat- From two kinds of smaller molecules, glycerol and fatty acids
Phospholipids: 2 fatty acids attached to glycerol and a phosphate group
7. Explain what determines protein conformation and why it is important
Protein conformation is determined by the proteins ability to recognize and
bond with another molecule. The primary structure of a protein is
determined by inherited genetic information and its unique sequence of
amino acids.
8. Define denaturation and explain how proteins may be denatured
This occurs when a protein becomes biologically inactive due to charges in
pH, salt concentration, temperature, and other environmental factors.
9. Describe the characteristics that distinguish nucleic acids from the other
classes of macromolecules
Nucleic acids store and transmit genetic information that makes them
different from macromolecules
10. Summarize the functions of nucleic acids. What is more important DNA
or Protein?
Make up genetic information in living things. DNA contains the genetic
information of all living organism and protein are large molecules made up
by 20 small molecules called amino acids
11. Briefly describe the three-dimensional structure of DNA
The structure is the double helix made up of sugar, phosphate, and bases
bonded together by hydrogen
12.Evaluate the importance of energy to living things
It is said to be very important because it transports the energy necessary
for all cellular metabolic activities.
13.Relate energy and chemical reactions
Chemical reactions often involve changes in energy due to the breaking
and formation of bonds
14.Describe the role of enzymes in chemical reactions
Catalysts that increase the rate of virtually all the chemical reactions within
cells
15.Identify the effect of enzymes on food molecules
Food contains large molecules that have to be broken down into their units
and this is the work of the digestive system