A

Origin language and

Affix Meaning Example(s)
etymology
Ancient Greek ἀ-/ἀν- (a-
a-, an- not, without analgesic, apathy
/an-), not, without
ab- from; away from Latin abduction
Of or relating to the Latin abdōmen, abdomen,
abdomin- abdomen, abdominal
abdomen fat around the belly
-ac pertaining to Greek -ακός (-akos) cardiac, hydrophobiac
Ancient Greek ἄκανθα acanthion, acanthocyte,
acanth- thorn or spine
(ákantha), thorn acanthoma, acanthulus
Greek ἀκούειν (akoúein),
acoumeter, acoustician,
acou-[1] Of or relating to hearing ἀκουστικός (akoustikós), of
hyperacusis
or for hearing
Greek ἄκρον (akron), acrocrany, acromegaly,
acr- extremity, topmost
highest or farthest point acroosteolysis, acroposthia
Greek ἀκουστικός
-acusis hearing (akoustikós), of or for paracusis
hearing
-ad toward, in the direction of dorsad
ad- at, increase, on, toward Latin adduction
Ancient Greek ἀδήν, ἀδέν- adenocarcinoma,
aden- Of or relating to a gland (adēn, aden-), an acorn; a adenology, adenotome,
gland adenotyphus
Of or relating to fat or
adip- Latin (adeps, adip-), fat Adipocyte
fatty tissue
Of or relating to adrenal
adren- Latin adrenal artery
glands
-emia Greek ἀναιμία, without
blood condition Anemia
(BrE) blood
aer(o)- air, gas Greek ἀήρ, ἀέρος Aerosinusitis
aesthesi-
sensation Greek αἴσθησις Anesthesia
(BrE)
-al pertaining to Latin -alis abdominal, femoral
Denoting a white or pale
alb- Latin albus, white Albino
color
alge(si)- pain Greek ἄλγος Analgesic
-algia,
pain Greek Myalgia
alg(i)o-
 Denoting something as Ancient Greek ἄλλος
all- Alloantigen, allopathy
different, or as an addition (allos), another, other
Denoting something as
Latin (ambi-, ambo), both,
ambi- positioned on both sides; Ambidextrous
on both sides
describing both of two
Pertaining to the
amni- membranous fetal sac Greek ἄμνιον Amniocentesis
(amnion)
Amphicrania, amphismela,
amph(i)-, on both sides Greek ἀμφί (amphi)
amphomycin
starchy, carbohydrate-
amylo- Latin amylum (starch) Amylase, amylophagia
related
an- not, without Greek Analgesia
ana- back, again, up Greek Anaplasia
an- anus Latin anal
Android, andrology,
andr- pertaining to a man Greek ἀνήρ, ἀνδρ-
androgen
angi- blood vessel Greek ἀγγεῖον angiogram, angioplasty
Describing something as Ancient Greek ἄνῑσος
aniso- Anisocytosis, anisotropic
unequal (anīsos), unequal
ankyl-, Denoting something as Ancient Greek ἀγκύλος
Ankylosis
ancyl- crooked or bent (ankýlos), crooked, curved
Describing something as
Latin (āntē), before, in front
ante- positioned in front of antepartum
of
another thing
Describing something as
Ancient Greek αντι (anti),
anti- 'against' or 'opposed to' Antibody, antipsychotic
against
another
away, separated from,
apo- Ancient Greek ἀπό Apoptosis
derived from
arch- first, primitive Ancient Greek archinephron
Of or pertaining to a
arsen(o)- Greek (arsein) arsenoblast
male; masculine
Ancient Greek ἀρτηρία
Of or pertaining to an (artēría), a wind-pipe,
arteri(o)- Arteriole, artery
artery artery (used distinctly
versus a vein)
Of or pertaining to the Ancient Greek ἄρθρον
arthr- Arthritis
joints, limbs (árthron), a joint, limb
articul- joint Latin articulus Articulation
-ary pertaining to Latin -arius biliary tract, coronary
-ase enzyme Greek διάστασις, division Lactase
-asthenia weakness Greek, ἀσθένεια Myasthenia gravis
imperfect or incomplete
atel(o)- atelocardia
development
fatty deposit, soft gruel-
ather- ἀθάρη (athárē) Atherosclerosis
like deposit
-ation process Latin medication
an atrium (esp. heart
atri- Latin atrioventricular
atrium)
aur- Of or pertaining to the ear Latin (auris), the ear Aural
aut- self Greek αὐτο- Autoimmune
Auxocardia: enlargement of
aux(o)- increase; growth
the heart, auxology
Of or pertaining to the
axill- armpit (uncommon as a Latin (axilla), armpit Axilla
prefix)
azothermia: raised
temperature due to
azo(to)- nitrogenous compound
nitrogenous substances in
blood

Affix Meaning Origin language and etymology Example(s)

bacillus rod-shaped Latin baculus ‘stick.’ Bacillus anthracis
Latin ("bacterium"); Greek
bacteriophage,
bacteri- Pertaining to bacteria βακτήριον ("baktḗrion"), “small
bactericide
staff”
Of the glans penis or Greek βάλανος (bálanos), acorn,
balan- balanitis
glans clitoridis glans
Of or pertaining to Greek βάσις (básis), "foundation",
bas- basolateral
base "base"
bi- twice, double Latin Binary
bio- life Ancient Greek βίος (bíos) Biology
blast- germ or bud Greek βλαστός (blastós) Blastomere
Of or pertaining to the Ancient Greek βλέφαρον
blephar(o)- Blepharoplasty
eyelid (blépharon), eyelid
Of or relating to the Latin (bracchium), from Ancient Brachium of inferior
brachi(o)-
arm Greek βραχίων (brachiōn), arm colliculus
Indicating 'short' or Ancient Greek βραχύς (brachys),
brachy- brachycephalic
less commonly 'little' short, little, shallow
 Ancient Greek βραδύς (bradys),
brady- 'slow' Bradycardia
slow
of or relating to the Latin (bronchus); Ancient Greek Bronchitis,
bronch(i)-
bronchus βρόγχος (brónkhos), windpipe bronchiolitis obliterans
Of or pertaining to the
bucc(o)- Latin (bucca), cheek Buccolabial
cheek
bursa (fluid sac Latin (bursa), purse; Ancient Greek
burs(o)- Bursa, bursitis
between the bones) βύρσα (búrsa), hide, wine-skin

Affix Meaning Origin language and etymology Example(s)

capill- Of or pertaining to hair Latin (capillus), hair Capillus
Pertaining to the head
capit- Latin (caput, capit-), the head capitation
(as a whole)
carcin- cancer Greek καρκίνος (karkinos), crab carcinoma
Of or pertaining to theAncient Greek καρδία (kardía),
cardi- cardiology
heart heart
Latin (carpus) < Ancient Greek
καρπός (karpós), wrist; NOTE:
Of or pertaining to the
carp- This root should not be confused carpopedal spasm
wrist
with the mirror root carp(o)-
meaning fruit.
cata- down, under Greek κατά (kata) Cataract, catabolism
-cele pouching, hernia Ancient Greek κήλη (kēlē) Hydrocele, Varicocele
surgical puncture for Ancient Greek κέντησις
-centesis amniocentesis
aspiration (kentēsis)
Of or pertaining to the Ancient Greek κεφαλή (képhalē), cephalalgy,
cephal(o)-
head (as a whole) the head hydrocephalus
Of or pertaining to the Ancient Greek κέρας, κερατ-
cerat(o)- Ceratoid
cornu; a horn (kéras, kerat-), a horn
Of or pertaining to the
cerebell(o)- Latin (cerebellum), little brain Cerebellum
cerebellum
Of or pertaining to the
cerebr- Latin (cerebrum), brain Cerebrology
brain
Of or pertaining to the Latin (cervix, cervīc-), neck,
cervic- cervicodorsal
neck, the cervix cervix
Of or pertaining to the
cheil- Latin (cheilitis) angular cheilitis
lips
chem- chemistry, drug Greek χημεία chemotherapy
Of or pertaining to the Ancient Greek χείρ, χειρο-
chir-, cheir- chiropractor
hand (cheir, cheiro-), hand
 Ancient Greek χλωρός (chlōros),
chlor- Denoting a green color chlorophyll
green, yellow-green
Cholaemia (UK)/
chol(e)- Of or pertaining to bile Ancient Greek χολή (cholē), bile Cholemia (US),
Cholecystitis
Ancient Greek χοληκύστις
Of or pertaining to the (cholēkýstis), gallbladder < χολή
cholecyst(o)- Cholecystectomy
gallbladder (cholē), bile, gall + κύστις
(kýstis), bladder
cartilage, gristle, Ancient Greek χονδρός
chondr(i)o- Chondrocalcinosis
granule, granular (chondros)
chrom(ato)- color Ancient Greek χρῶμα (chrōma) Hemochromatosis
-cidal, -cide killing, destroying Latin bacteriocidal
Of or pertaining to the
cili- cilia, the eyelashes; Latin (cilium), eyelash; eyelid Ciliary
eyelids
Denoting something as
circum- Latin (circum), around circumcision
'around' another
cis- on this side Latin cis cisgender
clast break Greek κλαστός "broken" osteoclast
clostr- spindle Greek κλωστήρ (klōstēr) Clostridium
with, together, in
co- Latin coenzymes
association
coccus round, spherical Greek kokkos ‘berry.’ Streptococcus
col-, colo-,
colon κόλον (kólon) Colonoscopy
colono-
Of or pertaining to the Ancient Greek κόλπος (kólpos),
colp(o)- Colposcopy
vagina bosom, womb; hollow, depth
com- with, together Latin cum
contra against Latin Contraindicate
cor- with, together Latin corrective
Of or pertaining to Ancient Greek κόρη (kórē), girl,
cor- Corectomy
eye's pupil doll; pupil of the eye
Of or pertaining to the
cord- heart (uncommon as a Latin (cor, cordi-), "heart" Commotio cordis
prefix)
Applied to processes
and parts of the body
cornu- describing them Latin cornū, "horn" Greater cornu
likened or similar to
horns
coron(o)- pertaining to heart Latin corōna coronary heart disease
cortic(o)- Cortex, or outer region Latin cortex, "Bark of a tree" Corticosteriod
Of or pertaining to the
cost- Latin (costa), "rib" Costochondral
ribs
Of or relating to the
cox- hip, haunch, or hip- Latin (coxa), hip Coxopodite
joint
Latin (cranium) < Ancient Greek
Belonging or relating
crani(o)- κρᾱνίον (krānion), the cranium, Craniology
to the cranium
skull, bones enclosing the brain
-crine,
to secrete εκκρίνει ecrine Endocrine
crin(o)
cry(o)- cold Greek κρύος Cryoablation
cutane- skin Latin cutis Subcutaneous
Ancient Greek κύανος, κυάνεος
cyan(o)- Denotes a blue color Cyanopsia
(kýanos, kyáneos), blue
cycl- circle, cycle Greek κύκλος (kuklos) Cyclosis
Denotes something as
Ancient Greek κυφός (kȳphós),
cyph(o)- bent (uncommon as a Cyphosis
bent, hunchback
prefix)
cyst(o)-, Of or pertaining to the Ancient Greek κύστις κύστις
Cystotomy
cyst(i)- urinary bladder (kýstis); bladder, cyst
cyt(o)-, -cyte cell Greek κύτος Cytokine, leukocyte

Origin language and

Affix Meaning Example(s)
etymology
Dacryoadenitis,
dacry(o)- Of or pertaining to tears Greek δάκρυ, tear
dacryocystitis
Ancient Greek
dactylology,
-dactyl(o)- Of or pertaining to a finger, toe δάκτυλος (dáktylos),
polydactyly
finger, toe
de- from, down, or away from Latin de- dehydrate
Latin (dens, dentis),
dent- Of or pertaining to teeth Dentist
tooth
Ancient Greek δέρμα, Dermatology,
dermat(o)-, δέρματος (dérma, epidermis,
Of or pertaining to the skin
derm(o)- dérmat-), skin, human hypodermic,
skin xeroderma
-desis binding Greek δέσις (désis) arthrodesis
dextr(o)- right, on the right side Latin dexter Dextrocardia
di- two Greek δι- Diplopia
 Origin language and
Affix Meaning Example(s)
etymology
di- apart, separation Latin dilation, distal
Ancient Greek διά
dia- through, during, across (diá), through, during, dialysis
across
dif- apart, separation Latin different
Of or pertaining to the finger Latin (digitus), finger,
digit- Digit
[rare as a root] toe
Greek διπλόος
diplo- twofold diploid, diplosis
(diplóos)
dipsomania,
suffix meaning "(condition of)
-dipsia Greek δίψα (dípsa) hydroadipsia,
thirst"'
oligodipsia, polydipsia
dis- separation, taking apart Latin dis- Dissection
dors(o)-,
Of or pertaining to the back Latin (dorsum), back dorsal, dorsocephalad
dors(i)-
Greek δρόμος Dromotropic,
dromo- running, conduction, course
(drómos) syndrome
duodenum, twelve: upper part of
the small intestine (twelve inches
duodeno- Latin duodeni Duodenal atresia
long on average), connects to the
stomach
dura- hard Dura Mater
Greek δύναμις Hand strength
dynam(o)- force, energy, power
(dúnamis) dynamometer
-dynia pain Vulvodynia
bad, difficult, defective, dysentery, dysphagia,
dys- Greek δυσ- (dus-)
abnormal dysphasia

Origin language and

Affix Meaning Example(s)
etymology
adenohypophyseal, corneal,
-eal pertaining to Latin
esophageal, perineal
ec- out, away Greek ἐκ- (ek-) Ectopia, ectopic pregnancy
ect(o)- outer, outside Greek ἐκτός (ektós) Ectoblast, ectoderm
-ectasia, - Ancient Greek ἔκτασις Bronchiectasis,
expansion, dilation
ectasis (éktasis) telangiectasia
Denotes a surgical Ancient Greek ἐκτομή
-ectomy Mastectomy
operation or removal (ektomḗ), excision
 of a body part.
Resection, excision
-emesis vomiting condition Greek ἕμεσις (émesis) Hematemesis
blood condition (Am
-emia Ancient Greek αἷμα, blood Anemia
Engl)
Of or pertaining to
Ancient Greek ἐγκέφαλος
encephal(o)- the brain. Also see Encephalogram
(enképhalos), the brain
Cerebro.
ἐνδο- (endo-), inside,
Denotes something as
endo- Endocrinology, endospore
'inside' or 'within'
internal
Ancient Greek Eos, the
Greek word for 'dawn' and
eosin(o)- Red Eosinophil granulocyte
the name of the Greek
goddess of the dawn.
Of or pertaining to Ancient Greek ἔντερον
enter(o)- Gastroenterology
the intestine (énteron), intestine
Ancient Greek ἐπι- (epi-),
Epicardium, epidermis,
epi- on, upon before, upon, on, outside,
epidural, episclera, epistaxis
outside of
Of or pertaining to Ancient Greek ἐπίσιον-
episi(o)- the pubic region, the (epísion), the pubic area, Episiotomy
loins loins; vulva
Ancient Greek ἐρυθρός
erythr(o)- Denotes a red color Erythrocyte
(erythrós), red
-esophageal, - Greek οἰσοφάγος
gullet (AmE) Esophagus
esophago- (oisophágos)
Esthesioneuroblastoma,
esthesio- sensation (AmE) Greek αἴσθησις (aisthēsis)
esthesia
eu- true, good, well, new εὖ (eû) Eukaryote
ex- out of, away from Latin Excision
Denotes something as Ancient Greek ἐξω- (exo-),
exo- Exophthalmos, exoskeleton
'outside' another outside of, external
extra- outside Latin Extradural hematoma

Origin language and

Affix Meaning Example(s)
etymology
Latin faciēs, the face,
faci- Of or pertaining to the face Facioplegic
countenance
Latin fibra, fiber, fibril, fibrin, fibrinous
fibr- fiber
filament, entrails[2] pericarditis, fibroblast
fil- fine, hair-like Latin (filum), thread Filament, filum terminale
hole, opening, or aperature,
foramen Latin Foramen magnum
particularly in bone
Used to form adjectives Latin (forma), form, cruciform, cuneiform,
-form
indicating 'having the form of' shape falciform
fore- before or ahead foregut
A hollow or depressed area;
fossa Latin (fossa), ditch, pit fossa ovalis
trench or channel
Latin (frōns, front-), the
front- Of or pertaining to the forehead frontonasal
forehead

Origin language and

Affix Meaning Example(s)
etymology
Galactorrhea
galact(o)- milk Greek γάλα, γαλακτ-
Galaxy
Ancient Greek γαστήρ
Of or pertaining to the
gastr(o)- (gastēr), γαστρ-, Gastric bypass
stomach
stomach, belly
(1) Denotes the sense
Ancient Greek -γενής (-
'born in, from' (2) (1) Endogen; (2)
-gen genēs), from γεν-νάειν
Denotes the sense 'of a Heterogenous
(gen-náein), to be born
certain kind'
Formative, pertaining to
-genic Greek Cardiogenic shock
producing
Of or pertaining to the
genu- Latin (genū), knee Genu valgum
knee
Ageusia, dysgeusia,
Ancient Greek γεῦσις
-geusia Taste hypergeusia, hypogeusia,
(geusis)
parageusia
Of or pertaining to the
gingiv- Latin gingīva, gum Gingivitis
gums
Ancient Greek γλαυκός
Denoting a grey or
glauc(o)- (glaukos), grey, bluish- Glaucoma
bluish-grey colour
grey
Ancient Greek γλῶσσα,
gloss(o)-, Of or pertaining to the
γλῶττα (glōssa, glōtta), Glossology
glott(o)- tongue
tongue
gluco- sweet Greek γλυκός, sweet Glucocorticoid
glyc(o)- sugar Ancient Greek Glycolysis
 Of or pertaining to the Ancient Greek γνάθος
gnath(o)- Gnathodynamometer
jaw (gnáthos), jaw
-gnosis knowledge Greek diagnosis, prognosis
seed, semen; also,
gon(o)- Ancient Greek γόνος Gonorrhea
reproductive
-gram, -
record or picture Greek γράμμα (gramma) Angiogram
gramme
Ancient Greek -γραφία
instrument used to (-graphía), written,
-graph Electrocardiograph
record data or picture drawn, graphic
interpretation
-graphy process of recording Ancient Greek Angiography
gyno-,
gynaeco-
woman Greek γυνή, γυναικ- Gynecomastia
(BrE), gyneco-
(AmE)

Origin language and

Affix Meaning Example(s)
etymology
Classical Latin to wander
halluc- to wander in mind Hallucinosis
in mind
hemat-, Latin (hæma) < Ancient
Hematology, older
haemato- Of or pertaining to blood Greek αἵμα, αἱματ- (haima,
form Haematology
(haem-, hem-) haimat-), blood
hema- or hemo- blood (AmE) Greek Hemal, Hemoglobin
hemangi or
blood vessels Hemangioma
hemangio-
Ancient Greek ἡμι- (hēmi-
hemi- one-half Cerebral hemisphere
), "half"
Ancient Greek ἥπαρ,
Of or pertaining to the Hepatology,
hepat- (hepatic-) ἡπατο- (hēpar, hēpato-),
liver Hepatitis
the liver
Denotes something as 'the Ancient Greek ἕτερος
heter(o)- other' (of two), as an (héteros), the other (of Heterogeneous
addition, or different two), another; different
hidr(o)- sweat Greek ἱδρωτ- Hyperhidrosis
hist(o)-, histio- tissue Greek ἱστός Histology
Ancient Greek ὅμοιος
home(o)- similar Homeopathy
(homoios)
 Denotes something as 'the Ancient Greek ὁμο-
hom(o)- same' as another or (homo-), the same, Homosexuality
common common
Of or pertaining to the
humer(o)- shoulder (or [rarely] the Latin (umerus), shoulder Humerus
upper arm)
hydr(o)- water Greek ὕδωρ Hydrophobe
Denotes something as Ancient Greek ὑπέρ
hyper- 'extreme' or 'beyond (hyper), over, above; Hypertension
normal' beyond, to the extreme
Denotes something as Ancient Greek ὑπ(ο)-
hyp(o)- Hypovolemia,
'below normal' (hypo-), below, under
Of or pertaining to the Ancient Greek ὑστέρα Hysterectomy,
hyster(o)-
womb, the uterus (hystéra), womb Hysteria

Origin language and

Affix Meaning Example(s)
etymology
-i-asis condition, formation, or presence of Greek -ίασις Mydriasis
Of or pertaining to medicine, or a physician Ancient Greek ἰᾱτρός
iatr(o)- (uncommon as a prefix; common as a suffix, (iātrós), healer, Iatrochemistry
see -iatry) physician
Ancient Greek ἰᾱτρός
Denotes a field in medicine of a certain Podiatry,
-iatry (iātrós), healer,
body component psychiatry
physician
-ic pertaining to Greek -ικός (-ikos) Hepatic artery
-icle small Latin Ovarian follicle
Latin -ica < Greek < -
-ics organized knowledge, treatment Obstetrics
ικά
Greek ἴδιος, idios, "one's
idio- self, one's own Idiopathic
own"
ileo- ileum Greek ἰλεός Ileocecal valve
Infrahyoid
infra- below Latin
muscles
Interarticular
inter- between, among Latin
ligament
intra- within Latin intramural
ipsi- same Latin Ipsilateral
irid(o)- iris Greek ἴρις Iridectomy
isch- restriction Greek ἴσχω Ischemia
 Ancient Greek ἰσχιόν
Of or pertaining to the ischium, the hip-
ischio- (ischión), hip-joint, Ischioanal fossa
joint
ischium
-ism condition, disease Dwarfism
-ismus spasm, contraction Greek -ισμός Hemiballismus
Ancient Greek ἴσος
iso- Denoting something as being 'equal' Isotonic
(ísos), equal
-ist one who specializes in Greek -ιστής (-istes) Pathologist
-ite the nature of, resembling Greek -ίτης Hermaphrodite
-itis inflammation Tonsillitis
-ium structure, tissue pericardium

Origin language and

Affix Meaning Example(s)
etymology
juxta Near to, alongside or next Juxtaglomerular
Latin
(iuxta) to apparatus

Affix Meaning Origin language and etymology Example(s)

kal- potassium hyperkalemia
kary-[3] nucleus Greek κάρυον (káruon), "nut" eukaryote
kerat-[4] cornea (eye or skin) Greek κέρας (kéras), "horn" keratoscope
kine-[5] movement Greek κινέω akinetopsia, kinesthesia
koil-[6] hollow Greek κοῖλος (koîlos) koilocyte
kyph-[7] humped Greek κυφός (kuphós) kyphoscoliosis

Origin language and

Affix Meaning Example(s)
etymology
labi- Of or pertaining to the lip Latin (labium), lip labiodental
Lacrimal
lacrim(o)- tear Latin
canaliculi
lact(i)-,
milk Latin Lactation
lact(o)
Of or pertaining to the abdominal Ancient Greek λαπάρᾱ
lapar(o)- Laparotomy
wall, flank (lapárā), flank
 Of or pertaining to the larynx, the Ancient Greek λάρυγξ,
laryng(o)- lower throat cavity where the voice λαρυγγ- (lárynx, laryng-), Larynx
box is throat, gullet
Lateral pectoral
latero- lateral Latin
nerve
lei(o)- smooth Greek λεῖος Leiomyoma
-lepsis, - Epilepsy,
attack, seizure Greek λῆψις
lepsy narcolepsy
lept(o)- light, slender Greek λεπτός (leptos) Leptomeningeal
leuc(o)-, Ancient Greek λευκός
Denoting a white color Leukocyte
leuk(o)- (leukos), white, bright
lingu(a)-,
Of or pertaining to the tongue Latin (lingua), tongue Linguistics
lingu(o)-
lip(o)- fat Greek λίπος (lipos) Liposuction
liss(os)- smooth Greek Λισσός (lissos) Lissencephaly
lith(o)- stone, calculus Greek λίθος (lithos) Lithotripsy
dialog, catalog,
log(o)- speech Greek λόγος (logos)
logos
Denotes someone who studies a Ancient Greek λογιστής
Oncologist,
-logist certain field (the field of _____- (logistēs), studier,
pathologist
logy); a specialist; one who treats practitioner
Denotes the academic study or
Ancient Greek λόγoς hematology,
-logy practice of a certain field; the study
(logos) study urology
of
Of or relating to the part of the trunk
lumb(o)-, Latin (lumbus or
between the lowest ribs and the Lumbar vertebrae
lumb(a)- lumbaris) loin
pelvis.
lymph(o)- lymph Latin lympha - water Lymphedema
lys(o)-, -
dissolution Greek Lysosome
lytic
-lysis Destruction, separation Greek λύσις Paralysis

Origin language and

Affix Meaning Example(s)
etymology
macr(o)- large, long Greek μακρός Macrophage
-malacia softening Greek μαλακία Osteomalacia
Of or pertaining to the Latin (mamma), breast;
mamm(o)- Mammogram
breast udder
 Of or pertaining to the Mammillaplasty,
mammill(o)- Latin mammilla, nipple
nipple Mammillitis
Of or pertaining to the
manu- Latin (manus), hand Manufacture
hand
Ancient Greek μαστός
Of or pertaining to the (mastós), breast,
mast(o)- Mastectomy
breast women's breast; man's
pectoral muscle
meg(a)-,
megal(o)-, - enlargement, million Greek μέγας Splenomegaly, Megameter
megaly
Ancient Greek μέλας,
melan(o)- black color μελανο- (melas, melano- Melanin
), black; dark
melos extremity Ancient Greek μέλος Erythromelalgia
mening(o)- membrane Greek μῆνιγξ, μηνιγγ- Meningitis
month, menstrual Ancient Greek μήν
men- Menopause, Menorrhagia
cycle (mḗn), month
Greek μέρος (meros),
mer- part Merocrine, Meroblastic
part
Ancient Greek μέσος
mes- middle Mesoderm
(mesos), "middle"
Metacarpal, Metacarpus,
after, beside, beyond
met, meta- Greek μετά Metacromion, Metanephros,
or change
Metatheria
instrument used to
-meter Greek μέτρον Sphygmomanometer
measure or count
-metry process of measuring Greek -μετρία Optometry
Pertaining to
conditions or Ancient Greek μήτρᾱ
metr- Metrorrhagia
instruments of the (mētrā), womb, uterus
uterus
denoting something as
Ancient Greek μικρός
micr- small, or relating to Microscope
(mikros), small
smallness, millionth
milli- thousandth Latin mille, thousand Milliliter
mon- single Greek μονός (monos) Infectious Mononucleosis
morph- form, shape Greek μορφή (morphē) Morphology
muscul(o)- muscle Latin Musculoskeletal system
Ancient Greek μῦς, μυ-
Of or relating to
my(o)- (mys, my-), muscle; Myoblast
muscle
mouse; mussel
myc(o)- fungus Greek μύκης, μυκητ- Onychomycosis
Ancient Greek μυελόν
Of or relating to bone
myel(o)- (myelon), marrow; Myeloblast
marrow or spinal cord
bone-marrow
Of or relating to molar
myl(o)- Greek (myle) Mylohyoid nerve
teeth or lower jaw
Ancient Greek μύριοι
myri- ten thousand Myriad
(mýrioi), myriad
myring(o)- eardrum Latin myringa Myringotomy
myx(o)- mucus Greek μύξα Myxoma

Origin language and

Affix Meaning Example(s)
etymology
narc(o)- numb, sleep Greek νάρκη narcolepsy
nas(o)- Of or pertaining to the nose Latin (nāsum), nose nasal
Necrosis, necrotizing
necr(o)- death Greek νεκρός
fasciitis
neo- new Greek νέος Neoplasm
Ancient Greek νεφρός
nephr(o)- Of or pertaining to the kidney Nephrology
(nephrós), kidney
Of or pertaining to nerves and Latin (nervus), tendon;
the nervous system [Uncommon nerve; Cognate with the Nerve, nervous
nerv-
as a root: neuro- mostly always Greek νευρον (neuron) (see system
used] below)
Ancient Greek νεῦρον
neur(i)-, Of or pertaining to nerves and
(neuron), tendon, sinew; Neurofibromatosis
neur(o)- the nervous system
nerve
noci- pain, injury, hurt Latin (noceo) Nociception
normo- normal Latin Normocapnia

Origin language and

Affix Meaning Example(s)
etymology
Of or pertaining to
ocul(o)- Latin (oculus), the eye Oculist
the eye
Of or pertaining to Ancient Greek ὀδούς, ὀδοντ-
odont(o)- orthodontist
teeth (odoús, odont-), tooth
odyn(o)- pain Greek ὀδύνη stomatodynia
-oesophageal,
oesophago- gullet Greek οἰσοφάγος oesophagus
(BrE)
-oid resemblance to Greek -οειδής Sarcoidosis
ole small or little Latin
Denoting something
Ancient Greek ὀλίγος (oligos),
olig(o)- as 'having little, Oligotrophy
few
having few'
Ancient Greek ὠμός (ōmos),
om(o)- shoulder Omoplate
shoulder
-oma (singular), - tumor, mass, fluid Sarcoma, teratoma,
Greek -ωμα
omata (plural) collection Mesothelioma
Of or pertaining to
Ancient Greek ὀμφαλός
omphal(o)- the navel, the Omphalotomy
(omphalós), navel, belly-button
umbilicus
onco- tumor, bulk, volume Greek ὄγκος Oncology
-one hormone
Of or pertaining to Ancient Greek ὄνυξ, ὀνυχο-
onych(o)- the nail (of a finger (ónyx, ónycho-), nail; claw; Onychophagy
or toe) talon
Of or pertaining to
Ancient Greek ᾠόν, ᾠο- (ōón,
oo- an (egg), a woman's Oogenesis
ōo-), egg, ovum
egg, the ovum
Of or pertaining to Neoclassical Greek ᾠοφόρον
oophor(o)- Oophorectomy
the woman's (ovary) (ōophóron), ovary, egg-bearing
Of or pertaining to Ancient Greek ὀφθαλμός
ophthalm(o)- Ophthalmology
the (eye) (ophthalmós), the eye
Greek roots, ὄπισθεν, opisthen
opistho- back, behind, rear[8] Opisthotonus
meaning "behind"
Examination or Ancient Greek ὄψις (opsis),
-opsy Biopsy, autopsy
inspection sight
Middle French (optique) <
Of or relating to
Greek ὀπτικός (optikós); Opticochemical,
optic(o)- chemical properties
cognate with Latin oculus, biopsy
of the eye
relating to the eye
Of or pertaining to
or(o)- Latin (ōs, or-), mouth Oral
the mouth
-or one who doctor
orchi(o)-,
Orchiectomy,
orchid(o)-, testis Greek ὀρχις (orkhis, orkhi-)
orchidectomy
orch(o)-
 Denoting something Ancient Greek ὀρθός (orthós),
orth(o)- Orthodontist
as straight or correct straight, correct, normal
Harlequin type
a condition, disease
-osis Greek -ωσις ichthyosis, psychosis,
or increase
osteoporosis
osse- bony Latin Osseous
Peripheral ossifying
ossi- bone Latin
fibroma
Osteoporosis,
ost(e)-, oste(o)- bone Greek ὀστέον
Osteoarthritis
Of or pertaining to Ancient Greek οὖς, ὠτ- (ous,
ot(o)- Otology
the ear ōt-), the ear
-ous pertaining to Latin -osus porous
Of or pertaining to
ovari(o)- Latin (ōvarium), ovary Ovariectomy
the ovaries
Of or pertaining to
ovo-, ovi-, ov- Latin (ōvum), egg, ovum Ovogenesis
the eggs, the ovum
oxo- addition of oxygen Greek ὀξύς
sharp, acid, acute, Oxytocin, oxygenated,
oxy- Greek ὀξύς(oxus)
oxygen oxycodone

Origin language and

Affix Meaning Example(s)
etymology
pachy- thick Greek παχύς pachyderma
Of or pertaining to the Latin (palpebra),
palpebr- palpebra
eyelid (uncommon as a root) eyelid
panophobia, panopticon,
Denoting something as Ancient Greek πᾶς, pancytopenia (deficiency in
pan-,
'complete' or containing παν- (pas, pan-), all, 'ALL' blood cell types -
pant(o)-
'everything'; "all" every erythrocytes, leukocytes,
thrombocytes)[9]
Latin (papilla),
Of or pertaining to the
papill- nipple; diminutive of papillitis
nipple (of the chest/breast)
papula (see below)
Latin (papula),
Indicates papulosity, a small
pimple, pustle; a
papul(o)- elevation or swelling in the papulation
small elevation or
skin, a pimple, swelling
swelling in the skin
Ancient Greek παρά
para- alongside of paracyesis
(para)
-paresis slight paralysis Greek πάρεσις hemiparesis
parvo- small Latin parvus Parvovirus
path(o)- disease Greek πάθος Pathology
Ancient Greek πάθος
Denotes (with a negative
-pathy (pathos), suffering, sociopathy, neuropathy
sense) a disease, or disorder
accident
pauci- Few Latin paucus Pauci-immune
pectoralgia, pectoriloquy,
pector- breast or chest Latin pectus
pectorophony
ped-, - Of or pertaining to the foot;
Latin pēs, pēd-, foot Pedoscope
ped-, -pes -footed
ped-, Ancient Greek
Of or pertaining to the child pediatrics. pedophilia
pedo- παιδός, child
pelv(i)-,
hip bone Latin Pelvis
pelv(o)-
-penia deficiency Greek πενία osteopenia
peo- Of or pertaining to the penis Greek πέος (peos) Peotomy
Ancient Greek πεπτός
Denotes something relating (peptós) cooked,
-pepsia to digestion, or the digestive digested < πέσσω Dyspepsia
tract. (péssō) I boil, cook;
digest
per- through Latin percutaneous
Denoting something with a
Ancient Greek περί
peri- position 'surrounding' or Periodontal
(peri), around
'around' another
-pexy fixation Greek πῆξις Nephropexy
phacolysis, phacometer,
phaco- lens-shaped Greek φακός
phacoscotoma
Ancient Greek φαγία
Forms terms denoting
-phage, - (phagía) eating <
conditions relating to eating Sarcophagia
phagia φαγεῖν (phagein) to
or ingestion
eat
-phago- eating, devouring Greek -φάγος phagocyte
Forms nouns that denote a
Ancient Greek
person who 'feeds on' the
phagist- φαγιστής (phagistēs) Lotophagi
first element or part of the
eater; see -phagia
word
Forms nouns that denotes Ancient Greek φαγία
-phagy 'feeding on' the first element (phagia) eating; see - hematophagy
or part of the word phagia
 Greek φαλλός
phall- phallus Aphallia
(phallos)
pharmac- drug, medication Greek φάρμακον pharmacology
Ancient Greek
Of or pertaining to the φάρυγξ, φαρυγγ-
pharyng- pharynx, the upper throat (phárynx, pháryng-), pharyngitis, pharyngoscopy
cavity throat, windpipe;
chasm
-phil(ia) attraction for Greek φιλία hemophilia
Ancient Greek φλέψ,
Of or pertaining to the φλεβ- (phleps,
phleb- phlebography, phlebotomy
(blood) veins, a vein phlebo-), blood-
vessel, vein
exaggerated fear, sensitivity,
-phobia Greek φόβος arachnophobia
aversion
phon- sound Greek φωνή phonograph, symphony
Of or pertaining to light or
its chemical properties, now Ancient Greek φῶς,
phos- historic and used rarely. See φωτ- (phōs, phōt-), phosphene
the common root phot- light
below.
Ancient Greek φῶς,
phot- Of or pertaining to light φωτ- (phōs, phōt-), photopathy
light
phren-,
the mind Greek φρήν, φρεν- phrenic nerve, schizophrenia
phrenic-
phyllo- leaf-like phyllodes tumour
phyt- to grow hydrophyte
pia- soft pia mater
piri- Pear Latin pirum, pear Piriformis muscle
-plasia formation, development Greek πλάσις Achondroplasia
surgical repair,
-plasty Greek πλαστός rhinoplasty
reconstruction
-plegia paralysis Greek πληγή paraplegia
pleio- more, excessive, multiple Greek πλεῖον pleiomorphism
Latin (pleura) from
Ancient Greek
pleur- Of or pertaining to the ribs Pleurogenous
πλευρόν (pleurón),
rib, side of the body
-plexy stroke or seizure Greek πλῆξις Cataplexy
pne-, Ancient Greek πνεῖν apnea, pneumatology,
air, breath, lung
pneum- (pneîn), πνεῦμα, pneumonocyte, pneumonia
 πνεύματος (pneûma),
πνεύμων (pneúmōn)
Ancient Greek πούς,
pod-, - Of or pertaining to the foot,
ποδ- (poús, pod-), podiatry
pod-, -pus -footed
foot
-poiesis production hematopoiesis
Ancient Greek πολιός
polio- Denoting a grey color poliomyelitis
(poliós), "grey"
Ancient Greek πολυς
Denotes a 'plurality' of
poly- (polys), "much, polymyositis
something
many"
por- pore, porous πόρος (póros) pore
Ancient Greek
porphyr- Denotes a purple color πορπύρα (porphýra), porphyroblast
"purple"
Denotes something as 'after' Latin (post), after,
post- postoperation, postmortem
or 'behind' another behind
Medieval Latin (pre-)
Denotes something as
< (Classical) Latin
pre- 'before' another (in premature birth
(præ), before, in front
[physical] position or time)
of
presby- old age Greek presbyopia, presbycusis[10]
Denotes something as 'first' Latin prīmus, first,
prim- primary
or 'most-important' most important
Denotes something as Ancient Greek προ
pro- 'before' another (in (pro), before, in front procephalic
[physical] position or time) of
proct- anus, rectum proctology
Greek (prosopon),
prosop- face prosopagnosia
face, mask
Ancient Greek
Denotes something as 'first' πρωτος (prōtos), first;
prot- protoneuron
or 'most important' principal, most
important
Denotes something false or
pseud- Ancient Greek pseudoephedrine
fake
psor- Itching psoriasis
Ancient Greek ψυχή
psych- Of or pertaining to the mind (psyché), breath, life, psychology, psychiatry
soul
pterygo- Pertaining to a wing Greek lateral pterygoid plate
 falling, drooping, downward
-ptosis apoptosis, nephroptosis
placement, prolapse
hemoptysis, the spitting of
-ptysis spitting Greek blood derived from the lungs or
bronchial tubes
Latin (pulmo,
pulmon-,
Of or relating to the lungs pulmōn-, usually used pulmonary
pulmo-
in plural), a lung
py- pus Greek πύον pyometra
Ancient Greek
pyel- pelvis pyelonephritis
(pyelos)
to thicken (as the nucleus
Greek πυκνωνω, to
pykno- does in early stages of cell pyknosis
thicken or condense
death)
pylor- gate Greek pyloric sphincter
pyr- fever Greek πῦρ, πυρετός antipyretic

Affix Meaning Origin language and etymology Example(s)

quadr(i)- four Latin quadriceps

Origin language and

Affix Meaning Example(s)
etymology
radi- radiation Latin radiowave
referring to the beginning, or the
radic- root, of a structure, usually a Latin (radix) root radiculopathy
nerve or a vein
re- again, back Latin relapse
rect- rectum Latin rectal, rectum
ren- Of or pertaining to the kidney Latin (rēnes), kidney renal
reticul(o)- net Latin reticulocyte
retro- backward, behind Latin retroversion, retroverted
rhabd(o)- rod shaped, striated Greek ῥάβδος rhabdomyolysis
rachial, rachialgia,
rhachi(o)- spine Greek ῥάχις
rachidian, rachiopathy
Ancient Greek ῥίς,
rhin(o)- Of or pertaining to the nose ῥῑνο- (rhīs, rhīno-), rhinoceros, rhinoplasty
nose
 Ancient Greek ῥόδον
rhod(o)- Denoting a rose-red color rhodophyte
(rhódon), rose
-rrhage burst forth Greek -ρραγία Hemorrhage
-rrhagia rapid flow of blood Greek -ρραγία menorrhagia
-rrhaphy surgical suturing Greek ῥαφή neurorrhaphy
-rrhea
flowing, discharge Greek -ρροια Galactorrhea, Diarrhea
(AmE)
-rrhexis rupture Greek ῥῆξις Karyorrhexis
-rrhoea
flowing, discharge Greek -ρροια diarrhoea
(BrE)
Of or pertaining to the red nucleus
rubr(o)- Latin (ruber), red Rubrospinal
of the brain
-rupt Break or burst Latin Erupt, Interrupt

Origin language and

Affix Meaning Example(s)
etymology
Ancient Greek
Salpingectomy,
Of or pertaining to tubes e.g. σάλπιγξ, σαλπιγγ-,
salping(o)- salpingopharyngeus
fallopian tubes (sálpinx, salpingo-)
muscle
trumpet (literally)
sangui-, Latin (sanguis,
Of or pertaining to blood Sanguine
sanguine- sanguin-), blood
sarco- muscular, fleshlike Greek σάρξ, σαρκ- sarcoma, sarcoidosis
Greek σχιστός
schist(o)- split, cleft schistocyte
(schistos)
Ancient Greek σχιζω;
Denoting something 'split' or irregular formation of
schiz(o)- Schizophrenia
'double-sided' the verb σχίζειν
(schizein), to cut, split
scler(o)- hard Greek σκληρός Scleroderma
Atherosclerosis,
-sclerosis hardening Greek σκλήρωσις
multiple sclerosis
Greek σκολιός
scoli(o)- twisted scoliosis
(skolios)
-scope instrument for viewing Greek -σκόπος stethoscope
-scopy use of instrument for viewing Greek -σκοπία endoscopy
scoto- darkness Greek σκότος (skotos) scotopic vision
semi- one-half, partly Latin semiconscious
sial(o)- saliva, salivary gland Greek σίαλος (sialos) sialagogue
sigmoid(o)- sigmoid, S-shaped curvature Greek σιγμοειδής sigmoid colon
sinistr(o)- left, left side Latin
Latin (sinus), a curve,
sinus- Of or pertaining to the sinus Sinusitis
bend, bay
sito- food, grain Greek σῖτος (sitos) Sitophobia
somat(o)-,
body, bodily Greek σῶμα (sōma) somatic
somatico-
somn(o) Sleep insomniac[11]
hypospadias,
-spadias slit, fissure Greek σπάδων
epispadias
spasmo- spasm Greek σπασμός Spasmodic dysphonia
sperma-,
Greek σπέρμα
spermo-, semen, spermatozoa Spermatogenesis
(sperma)
spermato-
splanchn(i)-,
viscera Greek σπλάγχνον splanchnology
splanchn(o)-
splen(o)- spleen Greek σπλήν, σπλην- Splenectomy
Greek σπόνδυλος /
Of or pertaining to the spine, σφόνδυλος,
spondyl(o)- Spondylitis
the vertebra (spóndylos,
sphóndylos), the spine
Denoting something as 'full of Latin sqāmōsus, full of
squamos(o)- Squamous cell
scales' or 'scaly' scales; scaly
-stalsis contraction Greek στάλσις Peristalsis
Cytostasis,
-stasis stopping, standing Greek στάσις
homeostasis
-staxis dripping, trickling Greek στάξις, στακτός
Denoting something as 'narrow
Ancient Greek στενός
sten(o)- in shape' or pertaining to Stenography
(stenos); narrow, short
narrowness
abnormal narrowing in a blood
Ancient Greek
-stenosis vessel or other tubular organ or restenosis, stenosis
στένωσις (stenōsis)
structure
Of or pertaining to the upper
Ancient Greek στῆθος
steth- chest, chest, the area above the stethoscope
(stēthos), chest, cuirass
breast and under the neck
stheno- strength, force, power Greek σθένος
Of or pertaining to the mouth; Ancient Greek στόμα,
stomatogastric,
stom-, stomat- an artificially created στοματ- (stóma,
stomatognathic system
opening[12] stomat-), "mouth"
-stomy creation of an opening Greek -στομία colostomy
sub- beneath, under Latin subcutaneous tissue
super- in excess, above, superior Latin superior vena cava
supra- above, excessive Latin supraorbital vein
Indicates similarity, likeness, or
being together; assimilates symptom, synalgia,
sy, syl-, sym-, Ancient Greek συν-
before some consonants: before synesthesia,
syn-, sys- (syn), with, together
l to syl-, s to sys-, before a syssarcosis
labial consonant to sym-.

Origin language and

Affix Meaning Example(s)
etymology
Denoting something as fast, Ancient Greek ταχύς
tachy- tachycardia
irregularly fast (tachys), fast, quickly
-tension, -
pressure Latin Hypertension
tensive
Ancient Greek teras(s)
terato- Monster teratoma, teratogen
terata(pl)
tetan- rigid, tense Ancient Greek tetanos tetanus
Ancient Greek θήκη
thec- case, sheath Intrathecal
(thēkē)
Of or pertaining to a nipple Ancient Greek θηλή Theleplasty,
thel-
(uncommon as a prefix) (thēlē), a teat, nipple thelarche
Ancient Greek θῆλυς
Denoting something as
thely- (thēlys), female, Thelygenous
'relating to a woman, feminine'
feminine
Ancient Greek hydrotherapy,
therap- treatment
(therapeía) therapeutic
Ancient Greek θερμός
therm(o)- heat Hypothermia
(thermós)
thorac(i)-, Of or pertaining to the upper Latin (thōrāx) <
thorac(o)-, chest, chest; the area above the Ancient Greek θώραξ thoracic, thorax
thoracico- breast and under the neck (thōrax), chest, cuirass
Ancient Greek θρόμβος
Of or relating to a blood clot, Thrombus,
thromb(o)- (thrómbos), lump,
clotting of blood thrombocytopenia
piece, clot of blood
thyr(o)- thyroid Greek θυρεο-ειδής
Greek: "thymos", spirit,
thym- emotions soul; courage; breath, dysthymia
mind, emotions
-tic pertaining to Greek -τικός
toco- childbirth Greek τόκος
-tome cutting instrument Greek τομή (tomē)
act of cutting; incising,
-tomy Greek -τομία Gastrotomy
incision
ton- tone, tension, pressure Greek τόνος (tonos)
-tony tension Greek -τονία
top(o)- place, topical Greek τόπος (topos) Topical anesthetic
tort(i)- twisted Latin tortus Torticollis
tox(i)-, tox(o)-,
toxin, poison Greek τοξικόν Toxoplasmosis
toxic(o)-
trache(a)- trachea Greek τραχεία Tracheotomy
Ancient Greek
trachel(o)- Of or pertaining to the neck τράχηλος (tráchēlos), tracheloplasty
neck
Denoting something as
Latin trāns, "across,
trans- moving or situated across or Transfusion
through"
through
tri- three Latin triangle, triceps
Ancient Greek θρίξ,
trich(i)-, trichia, Of or pertaining to hair, hair-
τριχ(ο)- (thríx, trich(o)- Trichocyst
trich(o)- like structure
), hair
-tripsy crushing Greek τρίψις Lithotripsy
-trophy nourishment, development Greek -τροφία, τροφή Pseudohypertrophy
tympan(o)- eardrum Greek τύμπανον Tympanocentesis

Origin language and

Affix Meaning Example(s)
etymology
-ula, -
small Latin Nodule
ule
beyond,
ultra- Latin ultra Ultrasound, ultraviolet
excessive
Of or pertaining
Latin umbilīcus, navel,
umbilic- to the navel, the Umbilical
belly-button
umbilicus
Of or pertaining
ungui- Latin unguis, nail, claw Unguiform, Ungual
to the nail, a claw
un(i)- one Latin unus Unilateral hearing loss
 Greek οὐρεῖν (oureîn); antidiuretic, diuresis, diuretic, dysuria,
Of or pertaining
οὖρον (oûron), urine; enuresis, polyurea, polyuria,
ur- to urine, the
οὐρητήρ (ourētḗr); uraemia/uremia, uremic, ureter,
urinary system
οὐρήθρα (ourḗthra) urethra, urology
uric- uric acid Greek οὐρικός
Of or pertaining Latin ūrīna, urine <
urin- to urine, the Ancient Greek ουρον Uriniferous
urinary system (ouron), see above.
Of or pertaining
Latin (uterus), womb,
uter(o)- to the uterus or Uterus
uterus
womb

Origin language and

Affix Meaning Example(s)
etymology
Latin (vāgīna), sheath,
vagin- Of or pertaining to the vagina Vagina
scabbard
varic(o)- swollen or twisted vein Latin varix varicose
vas(o)- duct, blood vessel Latin vasoconstriction
vasculo- blood vessel Latin vāsculum
Of or pertaining to the veins,
Latin (vēna), blood-vessel, Venule,
ven- venous blood, and the
vein Venospasm
vascular system
Of or pertaining to the belly; Latin (venter), the belly, the
ventr(o)- Ventrodorsal
the stomach cavities stomach; the womb
Of or pertaining to the Latin (venter), the ventricles
Cardiac
ventricul(o)- ventricles; any hollow region of the heart, the ventricles of
ventriculography
inside an organ the brain
anteversion,
-version turning Latin versiō
retroversion
vesic(o)- Of or pertaining to the bladder Latin (vēsīca), bladder; blister vesical arteries
Of or pertaining to the internal Latin (viscus, pl. viscera),
viscer(o)- Viscera
organs, the viscera internal organ(s)

Origin language and

Affix Meaning Example(s)
etymology
Denoting a yellow color, an Greek ξανθός
xanth(o)- Xanthopathy
abnormally yellow color (xanthós), yellow
 Greek ξένος (xénos),
xen(o)- Foreign, different Xenograft
stranger
Greek ξηρός (xērós),
xer(o)- dry, desert-like Xerostomia, xeroderma
dry
Greek ξίφος (xíphos), xiphisternum, xiphoid,
xiph- sword
sword xiphoidalgia

Affix Meaning Origin language and etymology Example(s)

-y condition or process of Latin -ia < Greek -ία Surgery

Affix Meaning Origin language and etymology Example(s)

zo(o)- animal, animal life Greek ζῷον zoology
zym(o)- fermentation Greek ζύμη enzyme, lysozyme