Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
NUMBER 115
115 2018
£3.95
FC UK 1 3/5/18, 7:16 am
ANATOMY OF THE ALL CHANGE AT CIA
8
30
SKRIPAL SANCTION
YOUR FAILURES ARE TRUMPETED”
Intelligence and
Cold War 0.2 looms as Moscow continues to
deny any involvement in the assassination Quantum Computing
attempt of MI6 agent Sergei Skripal
45
74
KOREAN ENCOUNTER
THE CIA BACK-CHANNEL
14
DECEPTION & LIES
52
ESPIONAGE
INSIDE UK SEAT
PARLIAMENT SPIES
OF POWER
SPY EXCHANGE
A KEY COMPONENT OF THE GREAT GAME
66 LOCK-ON I N T E L L I G E N C E C H O I C E
A look at how the PIRA and Libya opened secret routes to
transport weaponry during The Troubles IRAN’S QUEST FOR THE ULTIMATE WEAPON
72 BURN AFTER READING he Mossad is a legendary spy organisation feared for its prowess and
Foreign Office instructions secretly dispensed to various
departments reveal a history of spy encounters T willingness to engage in the dark arts, but also respected for its ability
to perform operations beyond the scope of most
intelligence services.
74 KOREAN ENCOUNTER
The CIA’s remarkable operation to bring together the two
And in 2016, it embarked upon one of the most audacious
Koreas and stop the North’s pursuit of a nuclear bomb
journey’s ever undertaken by The Institute. In this case
80 THE DECEPTIVE FACTOR PART 12 agents surveilled the comings and goings at a non-descript
Mike Finn examines interrogation methods and Human warehouse in Tehran. Here it learned Iran stored its nuclear
Intelligence (HUMINT) in the intelligence cycle secrets - away from the prying eyes of inspectors. In early
EYE SPY is published eight times a year by Eye Spy Publishing Ltd. All rights
2017, operatives broke into the building and secured over
reserved. No part of EYE SPY may be reproduced by any means wholly or in part, 100,000 papers which many believe is proof Iran
without the prior permission of the publisher. Not to be resold, lent, hired out or continues to seek a nuclear bomb...
disposed of by trade at more than the recommended retail price.
Registered Company No. 4145 963 Registered for VAT. ISSN 1473-4362 •49 DECEPTION AND LIES
S
everal UK media houses The decision follows a directive
have reported that the issued by British Intelligence to
next Chief of MI6 could increase the number of female
well be a female. This staffers in all three primary British
follows a spate of intelligence agencies to at least
promotions in several international 30%.
spy agencies of women as head
of service, including the CIA. Now MI5 STRIVING FOR DIVERSITY
intelligence sources state MI6
Chief Alex Younger, has personally On 6 March, MI5 once again
selected a female candidate as his hosted a meeting of the 30% Club.
successor. However, all the Established in 2010, the ‘club’
sources have been described as said to be a long-term career Similarly, she served as Station was established to take action to
“anonymous” and MI6 naturally staffer who has risen through the Chief in an unspecified country create a better balance of men and
chose not to comment on the ranks and has received an honour and was engaged in important women at all levels of their
speculation. Nevertheless, she is from HM Queen Elizabeth. operations. organisation as a business
L
54, is the new head of Thereafter he took a storyboard weapons and explosives guid-
NSA and its enlarged outlining the work to sceptical ance.
sister organisation - US Pentagon chiefs and senior
Cyber Command (USCC). officials who were briefed on the Internally, he will also have to
Nakasone departed his post as need of such an agency. And he address the worrying loss of science, mathematics, technol-
commander of Army General won - thus enabling the launch of experienced staffers at NSA, ogy, codebreaking and
Cyber Command in late April. US Cyber Command. which since 2015, has seen codemaking, and is regarded as
several hundred cyber specialists the biggest ‘producer’ of intelli-
His appointment coincides with Nakasone is an experienced depart for the private sector. One gence in the US Intelligence
ripples still expanding over alleged military intelligence man who NSA employee said: “It comes Community’s 17-service
Russian contact with some US down to death by a thousand composite.
officials and former intelligence cuts... when one person hits their
people. The US Intelligence breaking point and leaves, the Former NSA Deputy Director Chris
Community is still embroiled in dominoes start falling.” Inglis said of Nakasone: “He is
various distractions in connection humble and forthright. He
with the 2016 General Election, The NSA has a task force of supports his people. Most
and Nakasone has already been around 20,000 staff, of which importantly, he’s the kind of
briefed on a number of deeply between 6-7 per cent specialise in person who will inspire you.”
private liaisons and controversies
ahead of his new role. “We want
them to pay a price,” he said, in
reference to Russian interference,
noting no action has thus far been
taken against Moscow. Interest-
THE HAWK RETURNS
Key Figure in Washington DC Appointed
ingly, the man whom he replaces, ne of the most experienced
O
Admiral Michael Rogers
Admiral Michael Rogers, has and perhaps controversial
already acknowledged USCC has moves comfortably between security figures has been
options to react to any perceived tasks. He has operated in various appointed by President Trump as
aggression from foreign entities. theatres collecting intelligence, National Security Advisor. John
including Iraq and Afghanistan. Bolton, a key diplomatic figure in
Nakasone, a 30-year servant of the 2003 invasion of Iraq and
the US military, was a supporter In the area of counter-terrorism, former US Ambassador to the UN,
of the development of US Cyber Nakasone has been central to has replaced Herbert R.
Command, and some sources say Joint Task Forces Ares, a multi- McMaster. His departure follows
he actually helped create the agency endeavour which together quickly on the heels of US James Mattis greets John
agency. This was between 2009- with US Special Operations Secretary of State Rex Tillerson. Bolton in the Pentagon
2010 when, as part of a small Command and various intelligence
team working out of an office at services, including GCHQ, Bolton’s views differ to those of emptive military strikes against
NSA dubbed the ‘Four Horsemen’, launched Operation Glowing US Defense Secretary James North Korea to help thwart its
they brought together a plan to Symphony. This sought to Mattis on a number of key nuclear programme. In Syria and
build a national cyber defence sabotage media wings of ISIS and intelligence subjects. For example, Libya he thought it best that
organisation whose weapons disrupt its online output of only recently he called for pre- regime change is the best option
P
Ahmed Hassan, 18, an Iraqi asylum
WHISTLEBLOWER LOSES COURT seeker whose actions in September
CASE ABOUT HIS POSTING 2017, could have resulted in many
deaths, has been found guilty of
complaint by a Cuban-American attempted murder and given a life sentence.
MH17 LEGACY
areas, Mattis wants Voloshin said last
a diplomatic year: “I did not
solution. Pentagon shoot down the
officials fear the PILOT FOUND DEAD MH17 Boeing. A
‘hawkish’ Bolton,
A
Ukrainian pilot blamed by Moscow for former military
will convince shooting down Malaysian Airlines Flight friend of mine
President Trump MH17 has been found dead at his home. called (Evgeny)
that “solutions to many world problems can Captain Vladislav Voloshin always maintained he Agapov, a
be solved with military action,” one former was the victim of a grotesque smear by Russia. mechanical
Pentagon official said. Another White House The 29-year-old was a Su-25 pilot in the engineer, falsely
source asked who will Trump listen to? Ukrainian Air Force when the Boeing 777 was gave evidence Vladislav Voloshin
“Mattis is doing his job, but Bolton is always shot-down on 17 July 2014, killing 298 people. against me.”
going to have his ear. And sometimes the last
person in your ear is the one you remember.” Reports in Ukraine say he was found dead at his Secretary of Ukraine’s National Security and
home in Mykolayiv from a gunshot wound. A Defence Council, Oleksandr Turchynov, said
murder probe has been launched by the Moscow was using propaganda to “hide the
However, Mattis dismissed suggestions of
Ukrainian authorities although initial reports crimes organised by Russia, including against
conflict. “He’s an American last time I
suggest he took his own life. civilians” in relation to flight MH17.
checked... I can work with an American.
ANATOMY OF THE
SKRIPAL SANCTION
British Intelligence move quickly to advise Downing Street that it has
no doubt agents deployed or operated by the Kremlin, attempted to
assassinate one of MI6’s former spies. The incident leads to the
biggest international expulsion of Russian spies in history...
M
ore than twelve years ago international law, implausible claims of
former Russian intelligence innocence, hostile denials, tit-for-tat reprisals
officer and MI6 agent and open threats.
Alexander Litvinenko, died in
London. He was poisoned Relevant to all of this, and following a quiet
with Polonium-210 prepared two-year investigation conducted by several
at the Avangard facility in Sarov, Russia. A American intelligence agencies, supported by
public inquiry subsequently concluded that MI5 and MI6, a further 15 deaths in the UK
Russian President Vladimir Putin personally over the past 15 years have been linked to
approved his murder. Five years ago, the anti- Russia.
Putin billionaire Boris Berezovsky was found
hanged at his home in Berkshire; the coroner THE HIDDEN HAND OF THE KREMLIN
recorded an open verdict. Both men had
turned against Moscow. These are just Russia has an unwanted association with acts
‘moments’ in a long campaign that has seen of subterfuge and covert happenings. In 2014,
many Kremlin opponents targeted on British its forces invaded Ukraine and took Crimea -
soil and elsewhere. Putin claimed they were ‘local volunteers’.
Moscow continues to deny any involvement in
THE RUSSIAN LIST the shooting down of Malaysia Airlines Flight
MH17 with a Russian-made Buk missile fired
Six years ago, Eye Spy was informed a list by pro-Russian separatists, also in 2014.
containing the names of around 100 Russians Political opponents of the Kremlin and several
and Russian-linked persons had surfaced. All outspoken journalists have also been
were designated ‘enemies of the motherland’, assassinated. All were killed by events brought
and deemed ‘legitimate targets’. Known as the about by themselves, or simple acts of
‘Assassination’ or ‘Russian List’, soon the violence by criminals, according to Kremlin
names of many contained on the document officials, whose hands remain untainted. In the
began to be crossed off. Skripal case, Russian UK envoy Vassily
Nebenzia denied that Russia had ever
And just recently, one more name could easily manufactured the agent, and accused “the
have been removed (and may still be). We are countries who have carried out research on
of course speaking of MI6 spy Sergei these weapons, including Britain.”
Viktorovich Skripal, 66, a former Russian GRU
officer, who together with his daughter, Yulia, The ‘VX weapon’ used on the Skripals was
33, were targeted in Salisbury, in the southern quickly identified by specialist military experts
county of Wiltshire. The ‘tool’ used in this at the Defence, Science and Technology
case being a military grade VX nerve agent. As Laboratory (Dstl) at Porton Down. It originates
in previous cases, be they in the UK or from a group of nerve agents known as
elsewhere, the poisoning of the Skripals follow Novichok, roughly translating to ‘newcomer’ in
a pattern of alleged Russian violations of English. Russia’s covert Novichok chemical
Sergei Skripal - former GRU military Alexander Litvinenko and Boris Berezovsky. Based in the UK, both
intelligence officer and MI6 agent men were opponents of the Kremlin who lived perilous lives
programme was revealed by defectors who [with] and many tonnes were produced only in
fled to the US including Vil Mirzayanov, a Russia - nobody knew in this world,”
chemical weapons developer. Mirzayanov said. He argues that only the
Kremlin would have the capability to deploy
Dr Mirzayanov said as many as 40,000 people this particular agent.
worked on the VX programme and at least
1,000 on Novichoks specifically. “Novichok Dr Patricia Lewis, Research Director for
was invented and studied and experimented International Security at London-based think
tank Chatham House, said Novichoks could be
identified because they have distinct chemical
formulae. “There could be contaminants that Ambassador Jonathan Allen blames Russia
would give away where it has come from,” in a speech delivered at the United Nations
she said, adding that high-resolution trace
analysis could detect pollen and other clues. “Based on the knowledge that Russia has
previously produced this agent and combined
British UN Ambassador Jonathan Allen, said with Russia’s record of conducting state
Novichok was not a weapon which can be sponsored assassinations - including against
manufactured by non-state actors. “It is so former intelligence officers whom they regard
Porton Down gateway dangerous that it requires the highest-grade as legitimate targets - the UK Government
state laboratories and expertise,” he said.
concluded that it was highly likely that Russia actions would fundamentally degrade Russian
was responsible for this reckless act.” Intelligence capability in the UK for years to Yulia and her
come,” she said. May also warned Moscow father Sergei
A NETWORK OF SPIES not to attempt to rebuild its powerful spy
network in London.
Speaking in Parliament, Prime Minister
Theresa May, armed with a plethora of The Russian Government refused the demand,
intelligence supplied by MI5, MI6 and the instead calling on Britain to hand over a
Skripal police investigative team, spoke of sample of the nerve agent and accusing it of
Russia’s spy network and intelligence unacceptable “provocations.” This type of
collection endeavours in the UK. She refer- rhetoric continues today.
enced Litvinenko and 23 Russian diplomats
who were identified as undeclared intelligence VERBAL SUPPORT AND RESPONSE
officers, before giving Moscow 24 hours to
provide an explanation of how Novichok was US President Donald Trump, Prime Minister
used on the streets of Salisbury. “These [UK] Theresa May, French President Emmanuel
Europe since the Second World War,” adding poisoning in Salisbury of Sergei Skripal and
that Russia’s actions “threaten the security of his daughter Yulia. When you have a nerve
us all.” agent or whatever, you check it against certain
samples that you retain in your laboratories.
At the United Nations, US Ambassador Nikki And Porton Down, as we now all know, is the
Haley called for immediate action: “If we don’t largest military facility in the United Kingdom
take immediate concrete measures to address that has been dealing with chemical weapons
this now, Salisbury will not be the last place research. And it’s actually only eight miles
we see chemical weapons used. They could from Salisbury.”
be used here in New York, or in cities of any
country that sits on this council. This is a The Russian Embassy in the UK then posted a
defining moment.” tweet showing an image of fictional Agatha
Vladimir Chizhov, Russia’s European
Christie detective Hercule Poirot saying: ‘In
Union Ambassador
THE PUBLIC RUSSIAN RESPONSE absence of evidence, we definitely need Poirot
government could take further measures... in Salisbury!’.
Alexander Yakovenko, the Russian Ambassa- don’t threaten a nuclear country’. By mid-
dor in London tweeted: ‘The temperature of April, the number of British diplomats ordered
Russia-U.K. relations drops to minus 23, but to leave had risen to 54.
we are not afraid of cold weather’.
Russia continues to deny involvement; its
Russia responded in kind by initially expelling politicians have contradicted each other, with
23 British diplomats and ordering the closure some claiming that Novichok stockpiles were
of the British Council in Russia as well as destroyed and others claiming that it was
ending an agreement to reopen the British never developed in the first place.
Consulate in St Petersburg. A statement was
then routed to news agencies: ‘If Britain Vladimir Chizhov, Russia’s EU Ambassador,
makes any more unfriendly moves the said: “Russia had nothing to do with the
© CROWN COPYRIGHT
British Prime Minister Theresa May outside The Mill public house - one of the locations visited by the Skripals
Sergei Skripal was forcefully detained in 2004 MI6 ‘spy rock’ Lyudmila’s grave stone
DISINFORMATION MANAGEMENT
Mr Chizhov’s comments came after Russian One analyst said: “You can think of them as
Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Maria dismiss, distort, distract and dismay. You
Zakharova said, the UK was one of the most insult the critic, then distort by falsifying the Russian Foreign Ministry spokeswoman
likely sources of the nerve agent, along with evidence. “Distract is the whole ‘if they Maria Zakharova with President Putin
the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Sweden or accuse you, you accuse them’ method, and
possibly the United States. Speaking to then there’s the conspiracy theorists. Dismay THE CONSPIRACY FILES
journalists Zakharova said: “A large number of comes when they threaten ‘horrible things will
ex-Soviet scientists had gone to live in the happen if you do this’.” Throughout April and into May, Russian media
West, taking with them the technologies that houses have spawned a multitude of con-
they were working on.” Czech Foreign Minister Analysts note the similarities in the Skripal spiracy theories including that the US stole
Martin Stropnicky said the claims were disinformation techniques to those used samples of Novichoks while decontaminating
“unsubstantiated” and “a classic way of following the downing of Flight MH17. a former Soviet Union testing plant in
make it look like a suicide. And Glushkov and Eye Spy has been told he maintained links to
his associates told Eye Spy he was never former associates in Moscow and elsewhere.
convinced of the police explanation that
Berezovsky had “simply killed himself.” KREMLIN DENIAL - ANALYSIS OF LANGUAGE
PARLIAMENT SPIES
T
(Statni Bezpecnost) Cold War spy created in 1948, and efficiently
agency has received plenty of managed long-term agent
attention in the media of late, this operations amongst émigré
families and actively recruited
in connection with allegations that
Czechoslovak expatriates. One such figure
attempts were made to recruit a was 42-year-old RAF Sergeant Nicholas
number of Labour Party Prager, who served in a technical capacity in
politicians in the 1980s, including the secretive BCDU (Bomber Command
today’s official opposition leader Development Unit) engaged with work on
Project Blue Diver, the latest Electronic
Jeremy Corbyn. Counter Measure (ECM) for Britain’s primary
nuclear deterrent - the V-Bomber Force. He Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn with
Far from being an isolated also worked on Project Red Steer at RAF his deputy Tom Watson
incident, Eye Spy Associate Finningley in South Yorkshire. Blue Diver operated as a UHF (ultra high
Editor PAUL BEAUMONT and frequency) barrage noise jammer, targeting
EDITORIAL delve back in time and actively jamming Soviet radar systems
to present details of a protracted (codenamed TallKing) and had replaced the
rapidly obsolescent Green Palm, a VHF (very
operation by the KGB proxy StB, high frequency) jammer. Another project, Red
to infiltrate the highest echelons Steer, worked in the microwave X Band as a
of British society, armed forces, rearward looking radar for V-Bombers and
political movements, unions and A.V. Roe replaced Orange Putter which was also known
its intelligence services... Vulcan to have been fitted to RAF Canberras of 51
Squadron detailed for ELINT (electronic
John Stonehouse
T
party near Parliament. Nevertheless, Stross’s
name also appears in intelligence files under suggest that over 100,000
the codename GUSTAV. He had been identified pages of technical data,
by defector Josef Frolik in 1969 - two years information, analysis notes and
after his death. diagrams were secured by the
KGB on the Anglo-French endeavour and
other advanced aircraft such as
Besides his political career, Stross is also
Lockheed’s L-1011. The Concorde
remembered for his leadership of a campaign
material was undoubtedly used by the
to rebuild the village of Lidice in Czechoslova-
Russians to hastily produce their own
kia, which was destroyed on the orders of ‘cloned’ version of the supersonic aircraft
Adolf Hitler in WWII. - the Tupolev Tu-144.
Stonehouse’s business and political links with Tu-144LL with retractable canards
Czechoslovakia and aviation began in the early and lowered nose
1960s. He was involved in deals involving
BOAC (British Overseas Airways Corporation)
purchase of US aircraft; and in 1968 negoti-
ated an aircraft technology programme
between the UK and Czechoslovakia. This led
to an ‘exchange’ of information and further
projects of cooperation. By 1967, the year The ‘real thing’
Concorde was officially rolled out, he had - Concorde
One of the more cavalier operations planned British politician Raymond Mawby pro-
by the StB, was the entrapment of the vided the StB and KGB with a series of
prominent Conservative politician Edward documents showing the floor plan of the
Heath, who would rise to become Prime Prime Minister’s office at 10 Downing
Minister. Street. The documents were discovered
in the StB archive in 2012
Heath was unmarried and a plan was
constructed to lure him to Czechoslovakia convicted and jailed for 10-years. At his trial,
after a ‘constructed’ meeting with a fellow one of those who testified against him was
Raymond Mawby musician, who like Heath, had a love of Stella Rimington, she would become the first
classic organ music. That StB musician was female Director-General of MI5.
risen to Minister of State for Technology. Two Professor Reinberger. At a recital in London,
years later the spy stories started to surface. Heath met the professor and was offered the Released in 1993, Van Haarlem returned to a
chance of playing the classical organ at the very different Prague to the one he had left.
To summarise, a cursory examination of Church of St James in Prague. Although he The StB he had worked for so effectively, had
historical archive papers lists dozens of accepted the offer, it is believed MI5 warned been dissolved and a new State controlled
politicians with alleged links to Moscow, him not to attend since the professor was security bureau - UOUD (Urad pro Ochranu
including right-leaning figures. One such believed to be bisexual and chosen specially Ustavy a Demokracie) had replaced it.
person was Conservative politician Ray for the meeting.
Mawby. Van Haarlem, according to misleading
END DAYS OF THE STB IN BRITAIN snippets filtered to the media by MI5, had
In files contained in the StB Archive in the
Czech Republic, (released in 2012 - see Eye Another StB agent was arrested in Britain as Prime Minister
Spy 80), Mawby is identified as agent LAVAL late as April 1988, as he received a Morse Edward Heath
who operated throughout the Cold War. These message on a receiver in his north London - target of the
proved he was an agent and documents even apartment. Ever the true professional, ‘Erwin StB
show receipts of payments. Amongst van Haarlem’, an ‘art dealer’, refused to reveal
intelligence ‘gems’ provided to the StB, floor his real name - Vaclav Jelinek, but was
© ALLEN WARREN
FOR 2018
EYE SPY
GIFT SUBSCRIPTION
NOW INCLUDES
FREE ELECTRONIC
SUBSCRIPTION
PRICE As for MI5’s Registry [Persons of Interest], Jack Jones is listed and so
INCLUDES too Prime Minister Harold Wilson. Though given the codename OLDING
P&P ORDER REF: ES/099 UK £7.50 USA $17.00 by the KGB, Wilson is listed by MI5 as Norman John Worthington.
AIR MAIL EUROPE/ROW £10.00
Although Ludvik was the last StB officer to defect; there were several
FOOTPRINT OF
THE MOSSAD?
Hamas Blames Israeli Spy Agency Hamas leader
Ismail Haniyeh
for Death of UAV Specialist
M
alaysian police have composite images of the targeting Iranian nuclear scientists
released images of two suspects, who appeared to be and defence workers. All have
suspects in the killing of European or Middle Eastern, were been blamed on the Mossad.
a leading Palestinian based on eyewitness descriptions.
engineer on 21 April He said the suspects, clad in Al Batsh had lived in Malaysia for
2018. Gaza’s ruling Hamas group black jackets, were fair-skinned, seven years and lectured at a local
has accused Israel’s Mossad of well-built and had beards. museum. He was due to attend a
being behind the shooting of Fadi conference in Turkey in May.
Al Batsh, a rocket and UAV expert Security services said Batsh, 34,
for Hamas. Political head of was hit with 14 bullets fired by the In Tel Aviv, Israeli officials have
Hamas, Ismail Haniyeh, said the two assailants, who shot from a neither confirmed nor denied
killing was a “terrible crime motorbike as he was heading to a whether its premier spy agency
committed by the Mossad.” mosque for dawn prayers in a was responsible for Al Batsh’s
Speculation is rife in intelligence suburb near Kuala Lumpur. Police death. However, Israel’s Defence
circles that he was in some way said security video showed the Minister Avigdor Lieberman
involved in talks with a North suspects had waited for him for blamed internal factions inside Avigdor Lieberman
Korean agency about the supply almost 20 minutes. In the past Hamas. “The man was no saint,”
of weaponry to Gaza. decade, a number of similar he said. “He was involved in factions inside terrorist groups. I
assassinations by unidentified improving a rocket’s accuracy... suppose that is what happened.”
Malaysian National Police Chief operatives using motor cycles, and we often see a settling of Lieberman’s overview was
Mohamad Fuzi Harun said the have been carried out - primarily accounts between various rejected by Hamas officials.
A
gents of a cyber spy cell operated by centre of the operation was the Tehran-based
Iran’s Revolutionary Guard Corps Mabna Institute; this front, according to the
(IRGC) and its spy agency - Ministry Bureau, assisted Iranian universities and
of Intelligence and Security (MOIS), scientific and research organisations in
have been indicted by the FBI, securing access to non-Iranian scientific
following a near five year investigation. The resources.
charges relate to an extensive operation in spokesperson said. “They successfully
which the men attempted to hack into “The Mabna Institute, through the activities of compromised approximately 8,000 professor
government offices, US and international the defendants, targeted more than 100,000 email accounts across 144 US-based
universities and dozens of companies. At the accounts of professors around the world,” a universities, and 176 universities located in 21
foreign countries.” Other organisations
targeted included the United Nations, US
Department of Labor, the Federal Energy
Regulatory Commission, the State of Hawaii
and the State of Indiana. Investigators from the
Justice Department have valued the informa-
tion stolen from US universities alone at $3.4
billion.
3 4
FBI Deputy Director David Bowditch, Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein
(right) and FBI New York Assistant Director in Charge William Sweeney, discuss the
operation which resulted in the demise of a major Iranian cyber spy ring
The residence was now considered old and ‘Ranson’ - one of today’s
dangerous and a decision was made to tear it operational CIA dogs
down. However, many of the employees loved
the property and the then head of facilities yourself correctly, you can look up through the
CIA-backed Contras management decided to have the house glass and see the original wood frame of the
professionally evaluated. It was found that it Calvert Estate, still intact, just as it stood in
both were given a tour of Langley. On was not only structurally sound, but its 1926.
Thanksgiving Day, Fitzwater delivered a joint of outstanding design, workmanship, and
ham to Margaret and at Christmas she materials made it eligible for listing in the
received a roasted turkey from the DDA! National Register of Historic Places.
Margaret passed away aged 92 on 7 Novem- In 2003, the Calvert Estate underwent a
ber 1986, by which time her neighbours - the complete renovation and rooms converted to
CIA - had been operating over 25 years out of a state-of-the-art conference centre. To
Langley. Fulfilling the legal agreement, CIA preserve the original house and to pay
acquired the property and over the next few homage to its occupants, the renovation team
years, there were debates and proposals on designed a discreet tribute just outside of the
what should be done with the house and dining room. If someone didn’t point it out,
estate. you would never think to look up at the ceiling.
But if you did, you would see a 3x3 foot-wide
CIA Security Protective Officers (SPOs) slowly square cut-out in the ceiling, covered by a
took over the main house and brought with thick piece of glass. When you position
WMD SYRIA
SPY GAMES, RHETORIC
AND PROPAGANDA
Vassily Nebenzia, Permanent Representative
of the Russian Federation to the United
Nations, addresses the Security Council
meeting on the situation in the Syria
S
yrian regime helicopters were
accused of launching a gas attack
on 7 April on the rebel held town
of Douma. Western estimates put
the death toll around 75, including
children. In response, US
President Trump, backed by Prime Minister
Theresa May and French premier Emmanuel
Macron, authorised a military response which
resulted in a 103 missile blitz on three
chemical weapons sites in Syria on 14 April.
S
ilhouettes of WWI ‘Tommies’ have veterans and those suffering from mental
appeared in sites across the UK as part illness. Bomber was parked outside London’s
of a fundraising campaign to com- Royal Albert Hall to celebrate the iconic
memorate the war dead and educate aeroplane’s special anniversary - the cock-
Remembered has three simple but significant
pit of which is one of only 18 substantial
the public about the conflict and sacrifice objectives: To commemorate the fallen
parts left in the world. Historian Paul Bea-
made by millions. The Tommies will appear at through highlighting the sacrifices made; to
ver said of the bomber’s significance: “This
four sites across the country and tour until educate all generations, particularly today’s was an air force made up of people who
Armistice Day (11 November). Members of youngsters, and to understand what led to the were conscripted, or who volunteered to go
the public are being encouraged to buy their deaths of 888,246 British and Commonwealth and fly. Over 55,000 lost their lives - not just
own 10-inch versions to remember their own men in the Great War. in the Lancaster, but in other aircraft, so it’s
relatives, a century on from the end of the a significant part of social history.”
Great War (1914-1918). The UK’s 2018 Armistice Project, ‘There But
Not There’, will be the Centenary Commemo-
Founded last year, the charity Remembered is ration for the end of the war.
also raising funds for those suffering from
PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder) or ‘shell Support the charity by purchasing a soldier
shock’ as it was known in WWI and other silhouette.
legacies of combat. It aims to play a signifi-
cant role in helping build better futures for LINKS: www.therebutnotthere.org.uk
On stage, Dan and Paul will recreate the
original experiment which led to the
bouncing bomb, invented by Sir Barnes-
Wallis and credited with the success of the
Dam Busters raid.
LINKS: www.thedambusters75.co.uk
Clockwise from top left: Tower of London, Giants Causeway in Bushmills, County
Antrim, Big Pit National Coal Museum, South Wales, Hearts FC, Edinburgh
Climbing
The CIA
Ladder
ALL CHANGE AT LANGLEY
President Trump nominates Gina Haspel as
new Director of the CIA. If the selection is
approved, Haspel will become the first female
to lead a premier US Intelligence service
ust hours after announcing serving CLANDESTINE OPERATIVE
J
Director CIA Mike Pompeo will
replace Rex Tillerson as US Secre- Amongst her many overseas posts, Haspel
tary of State, President Trump opted served as Chief of Station in London and
to ‘tweet’ details of one the most Deputy Director of the Agency’s National
significant chapters in the spy Clandestine Service (from 2015 known as
agency’s history - the nomination of Gina Directorate of Operations - DO).
Haspel as its first ever female Director. Haspel,
61, whose career began in 1985, served as She said of the nomination: “After 30 years as
Haspel pictured with White House
Pompeo’s Deputy Director. an officer of the Central Intelligence Agency, it
Chief of Staff John Kelly and CIA
has been my honour to serve alongside Mike
Operating Officer Brian Bulatao
Pompeo for the past year. I am grateful to
President Trump for the opportunity and
humbled by his confidence in me to be A CONTROVERSIAL CHAPTER
nominated to be the next Director of the CIA. If
confirmed, I look forward to providing Already some critics have attacked Trump -
President Trump the outstanding intelligence primarily because Haspel, who operated as a
support he has grown to expect during his global operational undercover agent - was
first year in office.” involved in Langley’s Extraordinary Rendition
programme of the early-mid 2000s.
However, not all commentary and analysis Senator Ron Wyden insisted Haspel’s
was destroyed. An example being a CIA background made her unsuitable. “If Ms.
document which shows senior AQ man Abu Haspel seeks to serve at the highest levels of
Zubaydah was subjected to EIM (enhanced US Intelligence, the government can no longer
interrogation methods) on no fewer than 83 cover up disturbing facts from her past.”
occasions at the Thai site. This included Human Rights’ chapters also joined the
waterboarding and sleep deprivation. However, debate. Reprieve said that her involvement in Senator Ron Wyden
Eye Spy was informed by senior sources that interrogation made her “unfit to run the
Haspel’s tenancy of Cat’s Eye started after the
O
ver a decade ago Michael decision note that the timing of the THE CIA MEMORANDUM
Hayden, former D/CIA tapes destruction coincided with
acknowledged tapes major pressure being exerted on After the story surfaced in the
made in 2002 containing the CIA over its Extraordinary media in the mid-2000s, following
tough interrogation Rendition programme. a leak, Mr Hayden posted an
techniques used on al-Qaida internal memo on the affair. Part
suspects, including Abu Zubaydah According to intelligence sources, of it read:
were destroyed at the end of the ‘melt decision’ was taken by
2005. The tapes were reportedly Jose Rodriguez Jr, then Director of CIA’s terrorist detention and
melted to protect the identity of the CIA’s National Clandestine interrogation programme began
the Agency’s senior interrogation Service. Others believe the CIA after the capture of Abu Zubaydah
officers, and because it was was instructed by White House in March 2002. Zubaydah, who
thought there was little worth in Jose Rodriguez Jr. advisors on behalf of President had extensive knowledge of al-
keeping them. Critics of the Bush. Qaida personnel and operations,
Michael Morrell -
former Acting
Director CIA
A
bu Zubaydah, arrested in March 2002 sionalism and honour.” Outgoing D/CIA Mike
in Pakistan, used many aliases. He Pompeo, who is thought to have recom-
left the Middle East in the mid-1990s mended Haspel said: “She is an exemplary
to help Afghanistan in its fight against officer with an uncanny ability to get things
the former Soviet Union. By the time Osama done and to inspire those around her.”
bin-Laden returned to Afghanistan in 1996,
Zubaydah had already gained a huge reputa- Former CIA man Daniel Hoffman, who was
tion. Chief of Station in three countries, also praised
the president’s nomination, noting Haspel had
The CIA learned that he was once based in climbed from the lowest ranks at Langley.
Pashawar at a facility known as The House of “She is somebody who tries to bring disparate
Martyrs. By 2000 he had been provided with elements together... an important intelligence
an elite training camp and was already consideration. She’s got the highest level of
organising operations against US targets. intellectual integrity and honesty.”
IGOR PONOMAREV,
2006. Ponomarev died
shortly before Litvinenko,
just before he was due to
meet with someone
investigating Russian
activities in Italy. US
COLD WAR ARCHITECTURE YURI GOLUBEV, 2007. • A suspension of all planned high level
An oil tycoon and friend bi-lateral contacts between the UK and
The Cold War 1.0 security architecture is of jailed political Russia, including revoking the invitation
crumbling in Europe. While the United States dissident Mikhail to Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov to visit
has shrunk its commitment to Europe’s Khodorkovsky, Golubev to the UK.
security, the European Union itself has failed died in London. An • No attendance by Ministers or
miserably to generate a common security obituary at the time said Members of the Royal Family - at the 2018
policy. And while NATO funding continues to he “felt unwell,” returned World Cup in Russia.
be a sore point amongst alliance members from a trip early, and subsequently “died
(some contribute virtually nothing), Putin is peacefully.” US Intelligence suspects foul play. • The creation of a new £48 million
aggressively pushing into the power vacuum chemical defence centre based at Porton
in Europe and the Middle East, and the Skripal DANIEL MCGRORY, 2007. McGrory was a Down to face the “increasing” threat from
incident is a square on the chessboard just as foreign correspondent for The Times of Russia and North Korea.
Syria is. London and was found dead in his north • All UK Special Operations troops to
London flat. He had reported extensively on receive anthrax vaccine.
Intelligence analysts say Cold War 2.0 is not Litvinenko’s death. While his family believe he
going to end any time soon and there is the died of natural causes, British Intelligence
very real possibility of incidents escalating into officials later asked their US counterparts to GARETH WILLIAMS,
something much, much worse. investigate his death. 2010. The body of
GCHQ officer
LIST OF MISCHIEF BADRI PATARKATSISHVILI, 2008. The best Williams, who was on
friend and former business partner of Boris secondment to MI6,
STEPHEN MOSS, 2003. Moss, a British Berezovsky, was found in a
lawyer, had an apparent heart attack and died Patarkatsishvili lived suitcase in his London
in 2003. US Intelligence officials allegedly close to his friend in flat in 2010. While
believe he may have been assassinated. Surrey, southern England New Scotland Yard
until he died of a heart said they think it was
STEPHEN CURTIS, attack after a family an accident, intelli-
2004. Curtis, a dinner. Like in the case of gence agencies and those close to the case
lawyer who repre- Daniel McGrory, UK believe he may well have been assassinated.
sented an imprisoned intelligence officials
Russian oil tycoon, asked their counterparts PAUL CASTLE, 2010. A property dealer with
was killed in a in the US for information flamboyant spending habits, Castle died by
helicopter crash in about Patarkatsishvili’s death, and any suicide after stepping in front of a tube train.
England in 2004. possible links to Russia. Sources say he may have been threatened
JOHNNY MATTHEW
ELICHAOFF, 2014. PUNCHER, 2016.
Elichaoff was a Puncher was the
businessman and radiation expert who
the former husband discovered that
of TV presenter Alexander Litvinenko
Trinny Woodall. He had been given
had battled painkiller Polonium-210. Five
addiction, and months after a trip to
ROBBIE CURTIS, reportedly rolled himself off a shopping centre Russia, he was
2012. Curtis was a roof in London after a string of oil investments found dead by multiple stab wounds. A
friend of Paul Castle, went wrong in ‘Project Moscow’. coroner ruled suicide.
and like him, worked
in property. He too SCOT YOUNG, NIKOLAI GLUSHKOV, 2018. Glushkov was an
killed himself, with 2014. Young was associate of the late Boris Berezovsky, and
US Intelligence a wealthy ‘fixer’ to was questioned as part of a British inquiry into
reportedly believing the super-rich and the poisoning of Litvinenko. He was found
he may have been driven to suicide by often fronted suffocated, just days after the Skripal attack.
underworld players in Russia. deals for Russian Some suggest he was the victim of a sex
oligarch Boris game which went wrong, and liken it to the
BORIS BEREZOVSKY, Berezovsky. He demise of Gareth Williams.
2013. Berezovsky was was part of a
an expat businessman network of MIKHAIL LESIN,
and vocal critic of associates who funnelled Berezovsky’s cash 2015. In the US,
Putin. He was found through offshore companies, and repeatedly meanwhile, Lesin, a
dead at his home in an worried about being targeted by the Russian former adviser to
apparent suicide by mafia. He was found impaled on railings Putin and founder of
hanging. beneath a London flat. Kremlin-sponsored
LITVINENKO II
LESSONS NOT LEARNED?
The widow of poisoned former Russian spy
Alexander Litvinenko criticised Labour
leader Jeremy Corbyn for his failure to con-
demn Vladimir Putin. In addition she said
lessons hadn’t been learned.
2.40pm. Sergei Skripal’s daughter Yulia, 33, Wiltshire Police declare a major incident.
(below) arrives at Heathrow Airport on a flight Doctors are baffled by the Skripals symptoms
from Russia. and have no idea what substance they’ve been
exposed to. Senior MI5 and New Scotland
Yard detectives arrive to assist colleagues,
along with scientists from PHE’s Centre for
Radiation, Chemical and Environmental
Hazards. Some 250 military and counter-
terrorism officers arrive, many skilled in Chief UK Medical Officer Dame Sally
chemical weapons training and are deployed Davies and Mark Rowley issue
statements on the Salisbury incident
in the city and surrounding areas. Various
known locations visited by the Skripals are
cordoned off and secured.
4 MARCH 2018
At around the same time a CCTV camera The evidence points to a criminal act, leading
captured ‘two people of interest’, including a Foreign Secretary Boris Johnson to state: Sergeant Nick Bailey was released
woman a carrying a red handbag. “Britain will respond appropriately and robustly from hospital on 21 March
if evidence emerges of Russia’s involvement
At 4.15pm, an eyewitness said she saw a in Skripal’s suspected poisoning.” His 8 MARCH
man and a woman looking unwell on a bench. reference to ‘Russia’ leaves no one in doubt
Medics attend and the two people are taken to about the serious circumstances of the case. Home Secretary Amber Rudd visits police in
Salisbury District Hospital. Salisbury and said that the use of a nerve
7 MARCH agent on UK soil was a “brazen and reckless
act of attempted murder in the most cruel and
New Scotland Yard Assistant Commissioner public way.”
Mark Rowley, the outgoing head of national
counter-terror policing, reveals that Sergei and She later chairs a meeting of the National
Yulia were poisoned with a nerve agent. He Security Council and Prime Minister Theresa
also said that a police officer - Sergeant Nick May calls a meeting of the Government’s
Bailey - was infected. Early reports state he emergency response coordination unit
was one of the first officers to attend the COBRA. In attendance, MI6 Chief Alex Younger
Salisbury District scene at the bench, others said he fell ill after and MI5 Director-General Andrew Parker.
Hospital visiting Mr Skripal’s house in the city.
Police focus on the Skripals movement, death of exiled anti-Putin opponent Nikolai As Prime Minister May visits Salisbury, the
appealing for any witnesses who had seen the Glushkov in London. UK, France, Germany and US release a joint
Russians in their car between 1.00pm and statement blaming Russia for the nerve agent
1.45pm on 4 March to come forward. At 6.00pm, the Russian Embassy issued a attack.
number of scathing tweets which directly
New Scotland Yard Counter Terrorism threaten the ‘crooked’ UK with retaliation. Lavrov’s deputy Sergei Ryabkov says
Command (CTC) announce probe into the Moscow said it will take action if the British Moscow never had any programmes to
Government continues to suggest it was develop the Novichok nerve agent. This
Russia involved in the poisoning of the former caused UK Defence Secretary Gavin
spy. Seven more embassy tweets follow, one Williamson to comment, perhaps inappropri-
states: ‘Russia will not co-operate with the UK ately: “Russia should
inquiry into how Mr Skripal and his daughter, go away and shut
Yulia, were poisoned in Salisbury, until it has up.” Russian
been given a sample of the substance used’. Ministry of Defence
Another read: ‘Any threat to take ‘punitive’ spokesman, Major
measures against Russia will meet with a General Igor
response. The British side should be aware of Konashenko, said
that’. that the “extreme
level of intellectual
Igor Konashenko
Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov says importance” shown
that Moscow is “not guilty of the poisoning” by Williamson, “confirms only London’s
and is “ready to cooperate with London.” accusations amounted to nothing.”
17 MARCH
© PETER CURBISHLEY
Russia should cease. He his advised that the
measures follow London’s “provocative
actions.”
Sergei Skripal was exchanged along with three other MI6 and CIA agents, for 10 Russian
spies (above) operating in America, though some intelligence sources believe the actual
number could have been 11. The other Western agents freed were SVR Colonel Aleksandr
Zaporozhsky, Igor Sutyagin, a nuclear specialist, and Gennady Vasilenko.
VENOMOUS AGENT X
V
X - perhaps the most dangerous of
all known nerve agents, and one
used in the attempted assassina-
tion of Sergei Skripal and his
daughter Yulia.
Kim Jong-nam
- dead in 20
VX is a dangerous toxic synthetic chemical minutes
compound, first discovered in 1954 by
RICIN
P
opular amongst the terrorist and
criminal fraternity because this is
one poison that can be manufac-
tured with relative ease by
experienced operatives. A few grains of the
naturally occurring carbohydrate-binding
protein can kill if ingested, inhaled or injected.
Organs will fail as will the central nervous
system. The poison can be extracted from
seeds of the castor oil plant. In 2006, MI5 and
MI6 probed a number
of al-Qaida terrorists
in north London who Castor seeds. Inset: Castor oil plant The CIA allegedly created a plot to
engaged in the contaminate Fidel Castro’s cigars
production of ricin at Another KGB ricin attack occurred just three
a safe house in years later. In this case, KGB double agent Botulinum as well as Anthrax and Aflatoxin.
London. Boris Korzak, operating for the CIA, was The facility was just one of a number overseen
struck by a ricin pellet fired from an air gun in by intelligence man Ali Hassan al-Majid,
Ricin was used in the Vienna, Virginia. He survived the attack. known to his adversaries as ‘Chemical Ali’. He
infamous London was sentenced to death by an Iraqi court for
‘umbrella assassination’ of Bulgarian dissident
Georgi Markov (above) in 1978. Here a KGB
BOTULINUM his involvement in a plethora of incidents
involving WMD and toxin attacks. Al-Majid
A
assassin jabbed Markov with a specially product of Clostridium Botulinum was executed in January 2010.
adapted umbrella. He died 72-hours later. - described as an anaerobic,
spore-forming motile bacterium
AQ - ricin production that can produce the neuro-toxin
house (centre top)
botulinum. One usually associates the product
with the cosmetic industry (Botox) and
‘bulging tins’, in this case caused by bacteria.
T
hough a popular method to eliminate Hussein has chemical weapons
targets in film and books, in 2013,
for example, data produced by If the spores of anthrax are inhaled, they
scientific and security organisations migrate to lymph glands in the chest where
revealed that of 2.3 million poison cases, only they proliferate, spread, and produce toxins
Zyklon labels from Dachau concentra-
294 were attributed to cyanide, and most of that often cause death. Treated by antibiotics,
tion camp. The label reads: ‘Poison
these were from “occupational exposures.” Gas! Cyanide to be opened and used whilst effective in killing the bacteria, they do
Along with strychnine and arsenic, cyanide only by trained personnel’ not destroy the deadly toxins that have already
has been ‘bracketed’ by the international been released by the anthrax bacteria.
community as “one of the big three poisons.”
murder, and the 2013 data pales in respect of It is considered a viable choice as a biological
its use in other theatres. weapon as its spores are inert and easily
stored until ingested. Anthrax spores can be
It remains therefore a favourite with those put into powders, sprays, food and water, but
engaged in murder and terrorism, and there is most dangerous when inhaled.
are numerous cases where cyanide, in all it
variants, have been used to kill. Similarly, it In September 2001, anonymous letters laced
has been taken deliberately in cases of with deadly anthrax spores were sent to media
suicide. It is produced by certain bacteria, companies and congressional offices on the
fungi and algae that are prevalent only in but a eastern seaboard of the United States, killing
And of note, by mass and quantity, Polonium- few plants. Cyanide is a natural poison that five people and infecting 17 others.
210 is a quarter-of-a-million times more also exists in apricot pits and apples, with
deadly than cyanide, a chemical compound traces in almonds and lima beans. In 1979, the accidental release of anthrax from
that has many forms. However, cyanide has a a bioweapons production facility in the
very dark association with those intent on The most infamous use of hydrogen cyanide suburbs of southeast Sverdlovsk, Russia,
in the form of Zyklon B, was used by the Nazis killed 68 people and injured a further 300.
in concentration camps in WWII. During the Moscow denied anthrax was responsible.
Cold War it was stockpiled by the Soviets, and
in 2003, al-Qaida sought to release cyanide
gas into the New York Subway (below).
Zyklon B with
absorbent
granules on
display at
Auschwitz
Concentration One of the infamous anthrax-laced
Camp Museum letters which killed five Americans
FSB officers
detain ISIS
suspect
September 2017.
President Putin
holds the World Cup
trophy in a
pre-tournament
event in Moscow
R
ussia’s Federal Security
Service (FSB) revealed
details of several counter-
terrorism raids against
ISIS cells who plotted attacks in
Stavropol and Derbent as well as
Rostov and St Petersburg - two
cities hosting the 2018 FIFA World
Cup football tournament. The pre-
emptive strikes took place
FSB Director
following the interception of
Alexander Bortnikov
communications between cell
members and a primary contact in
the Middle East. On the same day, in the town of
Two suspects are detained during the raids
Derbent, Dagestan, which lies
In Stavropol, 21 April, counter- immediately east of Chechnya, bomb when security officers tried official said. Passports, mobile
terrorism officers killed an ISIS nine terrorists were killed and one to detain him. phones, an AK-47 rifle, hand
terrorist who plotted an attack on Special Forces officer slightly grenades and instructions for the
the local FSB headquarters and an wounded during a CT operation. In St Petersburg, close to where manufacture of IEDs were found
administrative building. The man, The group was allegedly planning the England team will be based for as well as means of communica-
who has not been named, was in an attack on 1 May to coincide the contest, seven suspects were tion and electronic data storage
possession of a sawed-off 16- with a traditional holiday in detained following another CT devices containing terrorist
gauge shotgun, IED components, Russia, according to a statement raid. The men had been communi- propaganda materials.
an Islamic State flag and a written from the country’s National Anti- cating with a terrorist recruiter
pledge of allegiance to the terror Terror Committee. “Nine outlaws using the Telegram Messenger In Moscow, senior FSB officials
group. Also of interest, layout have been neutralised following app and were expected to be have identified terrorism as the
plans of the FSB HQ and govern- brief exchanges of fire with law “sent for terrorism training,” an main threat to the World Cup.
ment building were recovered. The enforcement,” a committee official
suspect was killed when he said.
resisted arrest.
Several days earlier in the Rostov
Region, just 290 miles from
Volgograd where England will play
their first qualifying game against
Tunisia on 18 June, three ISIS-
linked terrorists, who plotted gun
and bomb attacks, were captured.
A suspect is led away by
The leader of the cell, however,
an FSB CT officer Suspected ISIS cell members caught in an early morning raid
blew himself up with a homemade
I
magine the value of a computer that theatres and of course, business and
takes about a hundredth of a second to technology. Little wonder, perhaps, that leaked
solve a problem which would take 100 NSA documents reveal the super secret
days to answer with a conventional agency is engaged in a programme to switch
computer. For the Pentagon and US spy to quantum computing. In the United States,
agencies - priceless. And far from being the Pentagon and US Intelligence Community
science fiction, Google and NASA have (USIC) have long been the lead funders of
already conducted laboratory tests that prove quantum computing. And the spy world, in
quantum computers could be an astonishing particular, has looked to quantum computing
100 million times faster than today’s technol- for its use in encryption and codebreaking.
ogy. Mind boggling statistics. But like any
emerging technology, intelligence officials and ORIGINS
scientists have warned that the country that
dominates the quantum arena and era will D-Wave Systems, a Canadian-based com-
have an edge in everything from national pany, came to prominence in 2007 when it
security, intelligence collection, military stunned the scientific community by announc-
a 1000+ qubit D-Wave 2X quantum computer. this capability] would give one side a huge United States
In addition, there are already government advantage,” one commentator said. has sustained a
‘customers’, including the US Navy who are leading position
‘renting time’ on D-Wave owned computers. CHINA in international
Their work remains secret. Another company affairs due in
at the forefront of Quantum computing is IBM. John Costello, senior analyst for Cyber and part to its
East Asia at Flashpoint and a Cybersecurity technological,
PROTECTING COMMUNICATIONS AND Fellow for New America, warned that the military, and
INTERNET TRANSACTIONS United States’ narrowing lead in this crucial economic pre-
area is endangered by China’s aggressive eminence, it is
Quantum technologies offer major potential funding and research in quantum computing. critical to take
across many industries, but could be Losing the lead to China would have far- swift action to
particularly game changing when it comes to reaching consequences for both countries. US reverse this
concepts such as protecting communications. scientists and security analysts are voicing trend and once
Public-key cryptography already protects concern that recent reductions in government again place the
much of today’s Internet traffic, providing funding and other challenges are threatening John Costello United States
security for banking transactions, encrypted the country’s narrowing lead over China. as a front-
chat, secure Web browsing, and so on. runner in emerging technologies like quantum
Breaking these codes currently requires “America remains at the forefront of quantum information science.”
significant conventional computer time and information science, but its lead has slipped
power to make it feasible, but all that changes considerably as other nations, China in To put context to China’s entry in quantum
in the quantum era. particular, have allocated extensive funding to computing, earlier this year, Beijing announced
basic and applied research,” Costello said in a a staggering $11 billion has been set aside to
Intelligence analysts agree there is a looming written statement to the US-China Economic fund future projects. This, compared to the
cyber crisis. The first and most obvious and Security Review Commission. “Conse- NSA’s $70 million fund.
military concern for a modern, fully functional quently, Chinese advances in quantum
quantum computer is the capability to engage information science have the potential to RUSSIA’S EMERGENCE
in near-instantaneous hacking into encrypted surpass the United States. Once
military servers, and those controlling the operationalised, quantum technologies will Researchers in Russia have recently demon-
national infrastructure systems of an adver- also have transformative implications for strated ‘quantum-safe’ cryptography. Maxim
sary. “In the case of a military conflict, [having China’s national security and economy. As the Vakstein, project leader of The Foundation for
Chinese quantum
computer
A ‘wafer’ of D-Wave processors
I
sreal’s Prime Minister Benjamin records, covertly obtained by Israeli Intelli-
Netanyahu, in a dramatic press confer- gence; alongside, a display cabinet of
ence, said his security services had compact discs.
obtained around 100,000 secret
documents that prove Iran lied to the Netanyahu then engaged in a slide presenta-
world about its past nuclear work. The tion disclosing imagery, data and facts that
Israeli leader further presented information on revealed the breadth of the Iranian nuclear
how the Mossad secured material purporting programme. Showing excerpts from what he reviewed are authentic.” This commentary
to show that Iran continues to build on its said was sourced from “half a tonne of reveals both the CIA and the Mossad have
nuclear know-how in pursuit of a fully documents,” Netanyahu said they demon- cooperated in sourcing the material and its
functioning nuclear bomb. strated conclusively that Iran had not “come subsequent analysis.
clean” about its nuclear programme and
Netanyahu’s claims are based on documents ambitions. For its part, Iran insisted that it The State Department added that “new details
relating to a 1999-2003 operation in Iran that, never has had and never would have a in this information are consistent with a large
while it falls outside the parameters of the weapons programme. body of evidence and intelligence the US
current international-backed nuclear deal, Government has amassed over many years on
allegedly demonstrates that Tehran is acting in CIA AND MOSSAD LIAISON Iran’s past clandestine nuclear weapons
bad faith with regard to its nuclear programme programme.” A further admission that the CIA
codenamed Project Amad. A US State Department (USSD) official stated: knew the Mossad were engaged in operations
“The United States has reviewed many of the in Iran. Analysts said Iran’s efforts to
Netanyahu stood on a stage with a pointer. To documents Israel has obtained relating to “obfuscate this information will be a key
one side was a bookcase packed with files Iran’s nuclear weapons programme. We factor” in Trump’s decision on staying or
that he said were Iran’s secret nuclear assess that the documents that we have withdrawing from the nuclear deal on 12 May,
the USSD official said.
Netanyahu discusses the
Middle East conflict areas Watching intelligence officials from several
with US Secretary of State countries believe the documents confirm a
and intelligence man, long-standing US suspicion that, Iran has
Mike Pompeo systematically hidden evidence of clandestine
weapons work from international inspectors.
Mike Pompeo
and Benjamin
Netanyahu
Plan of Action. Under
US law, the President
has to recertify the
deal every few
months.
A
ccording to Natanyahu, his security, access and exit doors supportive of the current deal with
spy agencies sourced a and other useful intelligence was Iran, asked why it had taken over
cache of Iranian nuclear gleaned. At the same time a year for Israel to reveal its
documents weighing “half a planners began discussing how findings. Eye Spy Tel Aviv sources
Rear Admiral
tonne.” At the press briefing he they would enter the building and said it was because most of the
Ali Shamkhani
revealed the location of the files - recover the material. Other tactics secured pages were all written in
in a “dilapidated warehouse” in such as creating a diversion were Persian. Once translated, “a Rear Admiral Ali Shamkhani,
the Shorabad district of Tehran. also carefully researched. massive task in itself,” the Secretary of the Supreme
“This is where they kept the information then had to be Council of Iran. He was Iran’s
atomic archives... right here,” said A year later in early 2017, a daring assessed and analysed by Minister of Defence during
Natanyahu. “Very few Iranians night-time operation was launched scientists, before being re-routed Project Amad. In 2003 he said
knew about it. From the outside to gain access to the building - to intelligence analysts. the project was to close, but one
this was an innocent looking sanctioned and overseen by recovered document by the
building. But inside it contained Mossad Director Yossi Cohen. No In January 2018, Cohen travelled Mossad in January 2017, quotes
Iran’s secret atomic archives him saying the endeavour would
details were given about how the to Washington and discussed the
continue in two parts - covert
locked in massive files.” agents gained access, but they operation with President Trump
and overt. A note read: ‘The
broke into “long rows of safes.” personally. He brought with him
general aim is to announce the
It’s since transpired that the Some 55,000 pages of printed the material which was duly closure of Project Amad...
Mossad placed agents in and material was stolen along with handed to the CIA, Pentagon and special activities will be carried
around the building. This, the spy 183 CDs - also containing around Department of Defense. This is out under the title of scientific
agency learned from its own 55,000 pages of documentation. why the US seems more informed know how developments
agents inside Iran’s nuclear These were displayed at the prime about Iran’s nuclear deceit than (SPND - MOD)’. The ‘covert’ el-
industry, was used as the holding minister’s press conference. other nations. ement was, and still is reportedly
point for nuclear documentation headed by Dr Mohsen
secreted away before IAEA Fakhrizadeh-Mahabadi.
inspectors could gain access to it
at known and declared sites. The
suggestion therefore being, that it
was simply too volatile and
revealing, and may have sent
alarm bells ringing in the IAEA,
thus derailing the nuclear deal.
DIPLOMATIC COVER
SPY EXCHANGE
always involve accredited spies. An enlarged
example can be found in events following the
surprise Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in
December 1941 and Hitler’s declaration of
war which brought America into World War
Two. These actions left hundreds of diplomats
stranded behind enemy lines.
Eye Spy presents 10 case files which reflect the complex intricacies,
After the attack, which resulted in the deaths
covert dealings, dangers, advantages and sometimes unknown of 2,335 personnel and some civilians, the US
circumstances and reasons for the exchange of spies First Secretary said: “On Sunday morning, 14
December, all staff and their families collected
at the (Berlin) embassy only to find the
INTRODUCTION thoroughly, as well as the wider implications, building, inside and out, already guarded by
such as public perception, for example. The members of the Gestapo, and ourselves their
T
he exchange of prisoners is not words ‘setting precedents’ being carefully prisoners. Then, the entire assemblage moved
a new concept - far from it. examined in the case of future happenings. by bus and rail to Bad Nauheim, near Frankfurt
However, for most of human am Main.” American Diplomat George Kennan
history, depending on the In military conflicts, espionage is considered said, “most of us were emaciated when we
culture involved, a prisoner of permissible as countries recognise the emerged from the experience.”
war (PoW) could expect to be either slaugh- inevitability of opposing sides seeking
tered or enslaved. The rules were very intelligence about the other. Soldiers or agents Under the terms of the Geneva Convention of
different for spies: from ancient times, the often used disguises to conceal their true 1929, the US (and other nations) were bound
penalty for espionage in many countries was identity; if caught behind enemy lines, to protect diplomats and their families. In
execution without any defining rules. After however, donning such attire or using false America, German diplomats were relocated to
World War Two, the political and intelligence identities, they were not entitled to PoW status various ‘resort’ locations, including the
mindset changed, when countries recognised and subject to prosecution and punishment - Greebrier Hotel in West Virginia. This would
the potential and value of a captured spy in including execution. Operatives of Britain’s later be turned into a secure site used by US
future negotiations. Importantly, the building WWII Special Operations Executive (SOE) Intelligence and senior officials. In total, the
bricks of ‘exchange protocol[s]’ were being a good example. Though working for a FBI, State Department and other agencies
established, and most had a political dimen- military element, if caught, they were often moved some 2,000 diplomats to these
sion with all ‘pros and cons’ examined executed. resorts.
And there they would remain for around six as ‘politically incorrect’ - valuing the life of one
months, until an exchange agreement individual greater than the other.
overseen by the International Red Cross was
put in place. In Germany, US diplomats were And to summarise, it is also of vital impor-
moved through neutral countries until they tance to recognise that many exchanges are
reached New York. Japan, of course, as an conducted in utter secrecy and without the
Axis nation was also involved. prying eyes of the media.
T
he spy agencies of
Britain and Russia
would engage
again just a few short
years later after the
Penkovsky and Wynne
affair. In 1969, the
countries struck a deal to
release KGB spies Peter
and Helen Kroger from
MI6 agent Oleg Penkovsky at his trial prison early in exchange
for the freedom of
Penkovsky, a Russian Army intelligence officer lecturer Gerald Brooke.
who would go on to pass valuable information He had been jailed in the
to the US and UK. Some of the material Soviet Union for
included false claims by Soviet leader distributing ‘subversive’
Krushchev about the number of nuclear literature. The Krogers
missiles the Soviet Union possessed at the were far more important
time of the 1962 Cuba crisis. Penkovsky was of course, they were part
Peter and
arrested and identified Wynne as his contact of a group of five agents
Helen Kroger Guenter Guillaume (right) with, West
man who was given an eight-year prison term. known as the Portland
spy ring. They had been arrested for passing German Chancellor Willy Brandt
At his subsequent trial, Penkovsky was found secrets from the Royal Navy’s underwater
guilty of treason and duly executed, despite warfare establishment in Dorset. said, “having worked so hard to get him close
covert attempts made by the Foreign Office on to the mechanisms of government, it was a
the suggestion of MI6 to arrange an exchange disaster to see Brandt go.” Even Markus Wolf,
of sorts. Wynne was luckier, he was released the legendary Stasi spy chief said “it was
in 1964 in exchange for Konon Molody, a something we did not intend and certainly
Russian spymaster who used the name never imagined would happen.”
Gordon Londsdale.
Guillaume served eight years of a 13-year jail
Wynne would go on to sentence (his wife also received an eight-year
write a number of spy term) before he was handed over to East
books, including The Germany in 1981, in exchange for captured
Man from Moscow: The Kroger’s home Western agents. West Germany’s entire
The Story of Wynne counter-intelligence ‘mindset’ changed after
and Penkovsky. It Many opponents of then Prime Minister Harold the incident, causing a much more aggressive
caused quite a stir at Wilson, who had sanctioned the exchange, policy in identifying Moscow-backed foreign
the time, because of were furious. They saw only one winner in this spies.
its intimate portrayal of case - Russia.
the espionage Gerald Brooke However, in later years As a sidenote to the spy affair, when the two
KGB spy handler business. In one of his it emerged Brooke had Germany’s were reunited, Guillaume sup-
Konon Molody books, he also said secreted concealed ported Wolf at his treason trial in 1993.
Penkovsky committed suicide in jail. Other documents including
stories from behind the Iron Curtain also some written in code, THE KGB’S 24-HOUR RUSE
emerged about the end days of Penkovsky, to and on behalf of
A
including one which said he had been burned operatives of the merican journalist and Harvard
alive, naked in an incinerator for his crimes National Alliance of graduate, Nicholas Daniloff, was
against ‘Mother Russia’. This was probably a Russian Solodarists arrested in Moscow by the KGB on 2
story filtered to the media by the KGB intended (NTS). Founded in September 1980. His reporting on Soviet
as warning to other would-be spies. 1930, the group were affairs had upset many in the Kremlin and the
anti-Communist. KGB set about inventing a spy drama which
Konon Molody (right) with saw him accused of securing classified
exchanged spy Rudolf Abel AGENT OF INFLUENCE papers and espionage. But there was also
G
uenter Guillaume, a deep cover agent
for East Germany’s Stasi, was one of
West German chancellor Willy Brandt’s
closest aides. Guillaume was inadvertently
blamed for helping to topple the Brandt
administration - this after he was outed as a
spy in 1974. It was an action some former
contacts with the Stasi now acknowledge was
a “major turning point in the effort to infiltrate
the West German Government.” One source
A
year before the Daniloff-Zakharov KGB spies in Poland, which ultimately led to was West
exchange, 1985 would witness the the downfall of Poland’s Prime Minister Jozef Germany.
largest Cold War spy swap in history. Olesky. Perhaps
Moscow agreed to release 25 Westerners Kozlov’s
jailed for espionage in East Germany and THE MONEY MONITOR health was
Poland. Observers acknowledge that not all also a factor,
I
were spies or intelligence contact people. In n 1982, a most unusual multi-nation spy in just two
return, however, the United States and its exchange took place. KGB man Aleksey years the spy
allies agreed to release four Eastern Bloc Kozlov was exchanged for ten Western had lost
spies, including Marian Zacharski, Poland’s spies and a South African Army general. 70lbs in
most famous (or infamous) spy. He had been Kozlov had been despatched by Moscow to weight, and KGB spy
arrested in 1981 whilst operating under cover monitor how funds transferred by Russia to despite harsh Aleksey
as President of the Polish American Machinery anti-apartheid movements in South Africa, interrogation, Kozlov
Corporation (POLACO) and convicted of were being appropriated. His activities soon had not
espionage activities against the United States. came to the attention of the powerful National revealed any secrets. In 2000, he was
He had arrived in the USA in 1975, and his Intelligence Service (NIS) and he was declared a ‘Hero of the Russian Federation’ for
primary objective was to secure intelligence arrested. his role in Special Operations. As for the
on rocket and missile technologies. The identity of the Western nationals, this remains
exchanges took place on Berlin’s famous Interestingly, the spy exchange took place a secret.
Glienecke Bridge. following face-to-face meetings with NIS
Director Niel Barnard and senior KGB MOSSAD’S HORSE RIDER
As a footnote to the case of Zacharski, a personnel. The liaisons were sponsored by
decade later he leaked details of a number of
M
various Western nations, but the lead country ilitary conflicts more than most create
‘arenas of espionage’. Intelligence is
more valuable than ever as adversar-
ies scheme to place agents in areas and
positions which enable participants to gain
insight into operations, troop strength and
tactics. One figure who could claim such a
position was former British Army man
Wolfgang Lotz, who would go on to spy for
Israel against Egypt in the tense Middle East
theatre of the 1960s.
NEIGHBOURLY SPIES
T
hat Russia continues to operate deep
1967. Israeli cover agents around the world was
Defence Force evidenced in the recent case of two
soldiers pictured at ‘German nationals’.
a PoW camp in
Cairo following A Russian spy, jailed in Germany along with
their capture her husband was released in 2014. The 48-
year-old woman, known only by the alias
‘Heidrun Anschlag’, was freed and deported to
organisation would Russia after serving only part of her prison
fund his horse riding sentence. Her husband, ‘Andreas Anschlag’,
project. This Lotz remains behind bars.
used to befriend all
manner of people,
including elite
Egyptians who duly
showed him missile
sites and important
industrial buildings.
Besides collecting President Ronald Reagan with Natan
useful intelligence on Sharansky at the White House The Anschlags pictured in court
such locations, he
also organised for a visa to visit Israel, but the KGB, fearful he
attacks on scientists. would impart technological and national
1950. Wolfgang However, in 1965, security secrets to Tel Aviv, refused him leave
Lotz with his son two years before the to travel. In 1977, after becoming a human
Oded Israeli attack on rights advocate, he was arrested for spying on
Egypt, and as a behalf of America. One charge included
result of closer cooperation with East handing to the CIA, a list of 1,300 interned
Germany, Egypt detained around 30 West people, who like himself, had been detained
German nationals on security grounds. because of their knowledge of ‘state secrets’. The married couple, who Eye Spy believes are
Amongst them was Lotz and his wife. Sharansky would spend the next nine years in South African and the holders of Austrian
Soviet prisons during the 1970s and 1980s. passports, were arrested in October 2011 on
The Mossad secured the services of a top suspicion of operating as Russian spies in
solicitor at his trial, but it was to no avail. He He was the first political prisoner released by Germany for more than two decades. They
was sentenced to life in prison in 1965. Mikhail Gorbachev on 11 February 1986, as reportedly earned £80,000 a year for their
Ironically, he was released in 1968 as part of
a prisoner of war exchange following the
Israel-Egypt conflict, better known as the ‘Six
Day War’.
N
atan Sharansky (born Anatoly
Shcharansky) was not a spy, but a
brilliant Jewish chess player. Born in
Donetsk in the Soviet Union, he graduated in
1986. Ben-Gurion Airport. Israel Prime Minister Shimon Peres welcomes
applied mathematics at the Moscow Institute
home Sharansky following his release
of Physics and Technology. In 1973 he applied
The Unsung Heroes Memorial Square in Beijing’s Western Hills. At the centre of the
A satellite phone, shortwave receiver, monument is the stone likeness of four people considered ‘martyrs’ by China, along
radios and modified tennis racquets to with the names of 846 people. All were agents sent to Taiwan to spy on Chiang
hide items and documents, were found Kai-shek’s Nationalist forces after they lost to the Communists during the civil war in
at the Anschlags home (below) in 1949. The Taiwanese military captured the four agents the following year, and,
Meckenheim, Marburg together with the 846 other agents, they were executed
The exchange was the first since the rivals future days,
split in 1949 at the end of the civil war. Beijing some will be
freed Chu Kung-hsun and Hsu Chang-kuo, the used as
highest-ranking intelligence agents to be jailed ‘bargaining
in China after they were imprisoned in 2006. chips’ when
The release of the pair, who were held on Chinese agents
espionage charges, was in exchange for a are rumbled.
work and operated as liaison or contact Chinese double agent, Li Zhihhao, who was
agents for associates in Europe and America. jailed by Taiwan 16-years ago and sentenced The dangers of Chen
Some evidence suggests they also communi- to life in prison. He was known in the espionage are Wenqing
cated with the SVR spy ring in New York, intelligence world as ‘the man in black’. evidenced in
which was broken by the FBI in 2010. this part of the world. China claims that of
Taiwan’s Military Intelligence Bureau con- 1,500 agents sent to Taiwan since 1950, a
In July 2013, they were found guilty of firmed the spy swap, which coincided with the staggering 1,100 were caught and duly
espionage by a court in Stuttgart where they appointment of Chen Wenqing as head of executed. A granite memorial to the spies was
were addressed as ‘Pit’ and ‘Tina’. Andreas China’s intelligence service under the Ministry built in 2013 on the outskirts of Beijing and
was sentenced to six-and-a-half years in of State Security. Despite the act of goodwill, includes the names of 850 deceased agents,
prison, while his wife was given a five-and-a- the CIA estimate upto 250 alleged Taiwanese with sufficient blank spaces to insert other
half-year sentence. It’s not clear why Heidrun spies are still being held in China. No doubt in names once their fate has been deduced.
was set free halfway through her prison
sentence.
P
erhaps a little surprisingly, the Russia and its powerful intelligence collection
international community re- system... and global reach.
sponded robustly to the poisoning
of Sergei Skripal and his daughter COMMENTARY
Yulia. In addition to the United
States, France and Germany - the Britain’s Defence Minister Gavin Williamson
first to take a stand, the EU’s 27 leaders said: “The world’s patience is wearing rather
unanimously backed the UK’s assessment thin with President Putin and his actions.” He
that the Kremlin was directly responsible for said this was evidenced by the fact that “right
the assassination attempt. across the NATO alliance and across the
European Union, nations have stood up in
While denying any part in the poisoning of the support of the United Kingdom.” He believes
Skripals (direct or indirect), Russia in recent the response was the best that the UK could
years has built a reputation of flouting ever have received. “Their (the Kremlin’s)
international norms, notably with its 2014 intention is to divide and what we are seeing is
annexation of Crimea, the shooting down of a the world uniting behind the British stance and
Malaysian passenger plane over eastern that in itself is a great victory and sends an
Ukraine, and multiple instances of cyber exceptionally powerful message to the Kremlin
warfare. In all cases, Russia simply re- and President Putin.”
sponded with a denial, an alternative con- A White House statement read: ‘The actions
spiracy theory or placing blame elsewhere. Vladimir Inozemtsev, a Russian scholar at the make the United States safer by reducing
Either way, few outside the intelligence Polish Institute of Advanced Studies in Russia’s ability to spy on Americans and to
community really understand the prowess of Warsaw, agreed: “The attempted murder of Mr conduct covert operations that threaten
Skripal on British soil was the straw that broke America’s national security. With these steps,
the camel’s back. Western leaders finally the United States and our allies and partners
decided that enough is enough because make clear to Russia that its actions have
Moscow has played the denial game so many consequences. The United States stands
times and showed no real interest in establish-
ing the truth.”
“This sends a clear message to Russia that there are costs and
consequences for its unacceptable and dangerous pattern of behaviour.
We have seen the illegal annexation of Crimea, the destabilisation of
eastern Ukraine, cyber attacks, we have seen hybrid tactics, we have
seen Russia investing heavily in modern military equipment and the
willingness to use military force against neighbours.”
Petro Poroshenko
T
hose engaged in the world of
espionage are always vulnerable to capability. One former MI6 man told Eye Spy:
capture or worse. However, there is “Collectively the figures seem impressive, but
an unwritten code of conduct between the United States, Britain and Ukraine
adversaries that any captured spy exchanged withstanding, the actions could be viewed as
for another, will not suffer retribution. Russia ‘token gestures’ - and it certainly won’t stop
seems to have opted out of this order. The Russia spying. Within a short period of time,
mass expulsion of Russian intelligence the single expelled officers will be replaced.”
officers from over 20 countries may seem
impressive, but losing the odd spook from Satire, propaganda, distasteful language (from
most embassies or missions affected, will both Russia and the UK), plus the odd
reference to nuclear weapons. Kremlin-
sponsored media fronts have certainly fought
President Putin’s corner and are dismissive of
the international response.
EYE SPY
I N T E L L I G E N C E
M A G A Z I N E
Visit the world’s
most popular
independent
intelligence
website today Channel One media man Kirill
Kleimenov with President Putin
100% E
warning to anyone who had “visions of
becoming a double agent.” Kleimenov said
UR
SEC y to “those who dream of such a career be
eas pping aware... traitors rarely live a long and peaceful
sho life, and don’t choose Britain as a place to
use cart! live.” He seemed oblivious to the ‘code of
conduct’. Yet such commentary and using
‘fear’ as a central theme has been replicated in
many Russian newspaper features and in
television and radio broadcasts. “Why bother
if you are going to be killed anyway,” said one
radio presenter. Others said, “Britain is a very
dangerous place to visit.”
WAR OF WORDS
24 Hours a Day
Embassy of Russia, Kiev, Ukraine.
Relations between the countries are poor
- even before the spy expulsions
eyespymag.com
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62 EYE SPY INTELLIGENCE MAGAZINE 115 2018
F
ollowing an investigation by the
Organisation for the Prohibition of
Chemical Weapons (OPCW) in
Salisbury, officials confirmed
Novichock was used in the operation
targeting Sergei Skripal. And whilst the
executive summary released by the OPCW
does not name the nerve agent, it does
support the findings of British investiga-
tors. Part of the report states: ‘The results
of the analysis by the OPCW designated
laboratories of environmental and
OPCW headquarters, The Hague
biomedical samples collected by the
Anna Chapman in Red Square OPCW team confirms the findings of the
United Kingdom relating to the identity of
The reporting and politically-laced rhetoric the toxic chemical that was used in
coincided with numerous Moscow media Salisbur y and severely injured three
houses backing President Putin - all were people’.
dismissive and angry at the expulsions and
the suggestion that their president himself In response, Russian Foreign Ministry
green-lighted the assassination attempt. spokeswoman Maria Zakharova said:
However, most continue to warn of the “There are no grounds to believe that all
dangers of betrayal, and referred to Sergei this is not a continuation of the crude
Skripal as an enemy. Anna Chapman, one of provocation against the Russian Federa-
the SVR spies who was exchanged in the tion by the security services of Britain.”
She again accused British Intelligence of
a wider propaganda war intended to
isolate Russia and said the Russian
The OPCW Executive Council Embassy in London had offered to help
consists of 41 member states Yulia following her release from hospital.
INTELLIGENCE WINDFALL
Medical Director Christine Blanshard
The health of Sergei Skripal remains a guarded announces Yulia Skripal has been
secret, and though he has reportedly shown discharged from hospital and Sergei
signs of improvement (he is no longer in a is no longer in a critical condition
O
n the very same day as the Skripals (packets of) all Internet protocols, such as
were attacked, Britain’s Daily Express instant messaging. Now, are we supposed to transmitter facility -
newspaper reported that the RAF believe that a crucial ‘the deed is done’ Akrotiri
listening post in Cyprus intercepted message regarding a GRU assassination in
messages from Syria to Moscow - ‘the Britain was sent in the clear or in a low-grade,
package has been delivered’ and ‘two locally-crackable cipher from a Russian
individuals had made a successful egress’. military operative in Syria to a Russian MOD
However, intelligence analysts have cast staff officer?”
serious doubts about the validity of the alleged signals unit which secured the Russian
communications. Craig Murray, former British Ambassador to message. How that leak occurred is bizarre
Uzbekistan, also questioned the report. “If you and it simply does not make sense.
Alex Thomson, who served at GCHQ from were sending a cryptic message back from
2001-2009, said it was unlikely local officers Salisbury to Moscow, you wouldn’t route it The thrust of the story implies British
at RAF listening stations had the capability of back via Syria, in the certain knowledge that Intelligence signals elements linked the
piecing together, let alone deciphering, highly all such calls from Syria are picked up...” communication to the assassination attempt,
encrypted communications. Thomson said: proving Moscow was responsible. However,
“RAF signals intelligence officers do exist and He also deconstructs the account from a Eye Spy associate editor and signals authority
include some skilled cryptologists and linguistic point of view. “As for the phrase ‘two Paul Beaumont also raised serious doubts. His
linguists, but - unless something radical has people have made their egress’, presumably knowledge of the Cyprus base and its
changed in the past few years, which I doubt - this was said in Russian and I cannot electronic capability is extensive. “The
they are focused upon intercepting military understand the translation at all. Exit, egress, message suggested by the Daily Express and
radio communications. The Express’ source go out, leave to go outside - there is only one later repeated with some cerebral input in the
mentions an Russian word to express all of these and that Observer raises serious concerns as to
‘electronic is phonetically from the stem ‘vihod’, either as source. Given the air of secrecy at the base,
message’ [and] noun or verb. There is no egress/exit choice in would an insider blow the whistle and give
implies what Russian.” details of another’s intercept, and rank and
Siginters call service - or was this information released for
C2C (computer- The intercepts, we are led to believe, were its propaganda worth - not only amongst the
to-computer made by Britain’s SIGINT centre based near to British public but also internationally?
communica- Famagusta, southern Cyprus in Sovereign
tions) - an Base Areas (SBA).* And in other press * See Paul Beaumont’s indepth reporting on
umbrella term coverage, MI6 Chief Alex Younger is said to the capabilities of Britain’s spy facilities in
Craig Murray for emails and have sent a “well done” message to the RAF Cyprus - Eye Spy 81 and 87.
SKRIPAL SANCTION
critical condition), the situation remains
unclear. Thankfully Yulia has recovered
sufficiently and was released from hospital on
or around 10 April. Eye Spy sources believe THE SECRET
she has left the UK and is probably in hiding in
the United States. Yulia, via intelligence
channels, has declined to be interviewed by
KREMLIN
Russian officials, though has given MI5 and
NSY officers a full and detailed dossier of her
‘PREPARATION’
time in the UK, and other useful information. TEAM
A DANGEROUS OCCUPATION
S
enior US intelligence sources have in the form of documentation exists regard-
Theories (an abundance), motives, culprits revealed that amongst the 50-or-so ing the claim, by coincidence, earlier this
and VX delivery. All of this is speculation at the Russian diplomats expelled from the year, the US Senate Foreign Relations
moment, and much depends on how quickly United States, a number were part Committee produced a report regarding the
the agent affected the couple and from of a Kremlin team placed in the country to suspicious deaths of around 25 critics of
whence it came and arrived in the UK. There identify the location and new identities President Putin. A note in the report
are snippets of interesting information assigned to several defectors. One such references a law passed in Russia that
emerging on Skripal himself, including that he target was still operational and active within states... ‘permits the assassination of
was still in contact with intelligence people in a CIA programme that provided covert enemies of the Russian regime who live
Russia and that he held a monthly meeting assistance in a ‘resettlement’ programme abroad’. It continues: ‘The trail of mysteri-
with a Russian-speaking MI6 officer. The latter for former Russian spies. ous deaths, all of which happened to people
suggestion is highly unlikely because the MI6 who possessed information that the
person would be open to compromise. Officials believe the Russian team may well Kremlin did not want public, should not be
have been “preparing the ground to target ignored by Western countries on the
However, Eye Spy was told Skripal visited
emigrees,” designated ‘enemies and trai- assumption that they are safe from extreme
Langley in the United States on more than one
tors’ by the Kremlin’. Though little evidence measures’.
occasion and was still engaged in some
aspects of the ‘great game’.
Karpichkov, 59, who defected to Britain and is
TALES FROM THE DARK SIDE now living in the UK. He worked with Gordon
in Russia and described him as “ruthless.”
Former Russian spies have given their own Karpichkov was allegedly interviewed for five
thoughts on the incident and other related hours by police. And like other defectors, his
case files associated with the ‘Russian List’. name too appears on the Russian List. Either
One former intelligence officer said Yulia was way, Gordon is now said to have returned
surveilled in Russia allowing the FSB to track safely to Russia.
Sergei in the UK - coded speak for a ‘gate- Continued on page 82
way’. However, his residence was not secret,
Boris Karpichkov
nor too inter-actions with associates. Other
Russian ‘gangsters’ have boasted had they
really wanted [the Kremlin] to assassinate
Skripal, they could have done so in a more
“rudimentary fashion” and “at any time.”
AGENT GORDON
LOCK ON
THE WORLDWIDE SEARCH FOR A DEADLY WEAPON
S
hortly after 2.00pm on 19 July in a field, the attack signalled a dangerous new
1991, the pilot of an RAF Wessex phase in the conflict. It was the first time the
helicopter was on a routine flight PIRA had targeted a British military aircraft
near the village of Kinawley in with a SAM during the protected war known
County Fermanagh, Northern as ‘The Troubles’.
Ireland, when suddenly a trail of
smoke streaked past his helicopter. It turned For many years the intelligence services of
out to be a heat-seeking missile from a both the US and UK had been mounting covert
Russian SA-7 Strela surface-to-air missile operations aimed at preventing the PIRA from
(SAM) launcher, fired by a Provisional IRA obtaining guided anti-aircraft missiles for use
(PIRA) terrorist. Although the missile failed to against the British military in Northern Ireland,
lock-on to the helicopter, which landed safely which is now examined in a new book about
British air operations during the conflict - Air
War Northern Ireland.
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For credit card payment by Visa, MasterCard, American Express But in faraway Afghanistan, where the US-
backed Mujahadeen was fighting a bloody
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guerrilla war against the occupying Soviet
Expiry Date: ________ Three Digit Security Number (the last three numbers on the forces in the 1980s, a new shoulder-launched
SAM was proving far more effective. Devel- Stinger (which had been loaned to the FBI by
oped from the Redeye, the FIM-92 Stinger had the US Marine Corps), armed Federal agents
considerably greater range and its advanced swooped, arresting the PIRA man. McKinley
seeker head could also penetrate anti-missile and another conspirator, Seamus Moley, were
defences. With the Mujahadeen suffering arrested soon after. All three each received
heavy casualties at the hands of Soviet Mi-24 four years imprisonment.
gunships, from 1986 the CIA supplied
hundreds of Stingers to the Afghan guerrillas. MI5 AND THE DISSIDENTS
The Stinger had an immediate impact, taking a
heavy toll of Soviet helicopters, and some Lacking an effective SAM, the PIRA were
defence analysts even attributed the Soviet unable to clear South Armagh’s skies of
defeat in Afghanistan to the success of the British military helicopters, and eventually
Stinger. called a ceasefire in 1997. But dissident Irish PIRA volunteers at a funeral
republican terror groups opposed to the
Taking note of the missile’s success in Northern Ireland peace process have arms dealer held a series of meetings with
Afghanistan, the PIRA set out to buy a Stinger continued where the Provisional IRA left off members of the dissident Real IRA (RIRA),
on the black market. In November 1989, Kevin and have also attempted to procure SAMs, for which carried out the 1998 Omagh bombing
McKinley met with two arms dealers - known use against the small fleet of Army Gazelle and attacked MI6’s Vauxhall Cross HQ with an
to him as ‘LJ’ and ‘Greg’ - in a Florida bar to observation helicopters still based in Northern RPG in September 2000. Among the weapons
negotiate an arms deal. McKinley asked the Ireland and the helicopters operated by the the terrorists wanted to buy from him were
men if they could supply a Stinger, telling the Police Service of Northern Ireland (PSNI). AK-47s, sniper rifles and SA-7 missile
dealers that it was “number one on our list.” launchers. The sting ended in June 2006 with
The dealers confirmed they could get hold of a In a complex sting operation that lasted two the arrest of three suspects, two of whom
Stinger and quoted him a price of $50,000, years, an MI5 agent posing as a Pakistani were convicted and given heavy prison
which he readily accepted. sentences.
Once the money was in place, and two Despite such Intelligence successes, with
months later, PIRA weapons specialist Joseph dissident Irish republican groups remaining
McColgan arrived from Belfast to check out determined to acquire sophisticated modern
the merchandise in a Florida warehouse before weaponry, including SAMs, with which to
any cash was handed over. Once again, intensify their ongoing terror campaign, the
however, all was not what it appeared. LJ and secret Intelligence war waged by MI5 and its
Greg were Federal agents, part of a joint allies looks set to continue.
operation between the FBI and the Bureau of
Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (ATF). As COURTESY OF WWW.FLYINGMARINES.COM EDITOR’S NOTE: Steven Taylor’s Air War
McColgan prepared to drive off with the Northern Ireland: Britain’s Air Arms and the
‘Bandit Country’ of South Armagh, Opera-
tion Banner 1969 - 2007 is an utterly
engaging and
descriptive work
which details fully
one of the darkest
and most danger-
ous periods faced
by those operating
in Northern Ireland.
Available from
June (Pen & Sword
1983. British Army Gazelle. Inset: Gazelle over Belfast City Hall Books, £19.99)
T
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BURN
Telegraph
building, Fleet
Street, London
AFTER READING
UK DIPLOMAT AND JOURNALIST UNCOVERED AS SOVIET SPY
Classified documents released by the UK Government under the
Freedom of Information Act (FOIA), reveal the extraordinary story of
David Floyd who admitted spying for Moscow when he worked at
UK military missions and embassies between from 1944-1947
T
here is much evidence to suggest His story surfaced in the summer of 1951, a
Floyd’s spying career was far more few weeks after Cambridge spies Guy
prolonged and complex than the Burgess and Donald Maclean disappeared and
papers reveal. And perhaps equally turned up in Moscow. At this time, the Foreign
David Floyd
as relevant, the material shows Office was under siege by the media, all keen
Britain’s Foreign Office enabled a to ask questions how the spies could have episode. There is also an indication that he
plan to downplay and then file the story. Some operated in the corridors of power without was frightened that the Russians might kidnap
intelligence watchers believe this was a detection. him’.
“cover-up,” but Eye Spy sources suggest
otherwise... it was a ruse to keep him Floyd came forward voluntarily and con- Despite his confession, it took less than a
operational. fessed. A released Foreign Office summary of month for the Director of Public Prosecutions
the case stamped ‘Top Secret’ states: to conclude the evidence was “clearly
Floyd was an Oxford student, a fully-fledged insufficient” to support criminal charges.
Communist and anti-war protester who went ‘Mr Floyd claims that he has turned King’s Intelligence historians believe UK officials were
to prison, yet still managed to secure work evidence [provided information to clear or concerned about yet another spy scandal that
placements at three British embassies during lesson any punishment] because he had would jeopardise the strained relationship
the Cold War. Following his ‘spy engage- come to the conclusion that he was unfit[ted] between London and Washington. Senior US
ments’, he spent the next three decades in the to remain in the foreign service and it was the intelligence officials had already publicly
employ of The Daily Telegraph as its Commu- honest thing to do. He has also been acknowledged they were “appalled by the
nist Affairs correspondent. influenced by the Maclean and Burgess Burgess/Maclean affair.” During this time,
Malcolm Muggeridge
Within a year, Floyd was hired as Communist Malcolm Muggeridge’s closest friend was
Affairs correspondent by Malcolm famous author George Orwell, who like
Muggeridge, then Deputy Editor of The Daily Floyd and dozens of writers and media
Telegraph. Muggeridge, was of course British people, worked for British Intelligence
Intelligence, and the newspaper’s editor, Colin
Coote, was also an MI6 contact man.
Speculation abounds that Floyd was given the As for the initial harm caused by Floyd’s his clients -
position as perfect cover to continue spying - adventure with Moscow, it later became clear The Daily
this time for Britain as a double agent in he was part of the Russian Embassy Telegraph
exchange for his freedom. It was the type of secretariat, with access to a wide range of editor Colin
ruse played out by numerous intelligence confidential papers. Roger Allen, who was Coote.
agencies, and could be bracketed in the then First Secretary at the British Embassy in Coote had
archives of the ‘Fourth Estate’ - the use of Moscow, reported to his superiors that Floyd met Ivanov
journalistic cover to gain access to countries “would probably have had no difficulty in previously
which intelligence agencies found difficult to getting hold of almost any file, with a few and
penetrate. It was also a position to secure exceptions, on legitimate grounds.” arranged a
interviews with senior world figures - all at the lunch at the
behest of the controlling agency, of course. A decade later, and firmly established with The Garrick Club
However, many questions remain as the 70- Daily Telegraph, Floyd played a small role in so that
year-old documents are still heavily censored. the Profumo affair that rocked Harold Floyd, his Colin Coote
Macmillan’s government in the early 1960s. Communist
The incident centred around John Profumo, Affairs correspondent might make a useful
Macmillan’s Secretary of State for War, and contact. The rest is history...
London socialite Christine Keeler who was
also sleeping with Captain Yevgeny Ivanov - a Was Floyd still operational as a British double
Soviet intelligence officer. agent - or as some suggest, more cunning
than anyone realised and still working for
The case is forever embedded in spylore and Moscow, now as a triple agent? Decades later
has been widely covered by Eye Spy, but there this absorbing Cold War spy chapter contin-
is a thread to Floyd. London osteopath ues to throw up surprises, and we still can’t
Stephen Ward who knew both Keeler and be certain if the whole story has been told.
Profumo, was introduced to Ivanov by one of
KOREAN ENCOUNTER
T
he day-long summit on 27 April THE INTELLIGENCE CONNECTION (RGB). Besides the CIA and RGB, intelligence
inside the DemilitariSed Zone (DMZ) sources also said that South Korea’s National
that divides the Koreas was a major Despite protracted communications between Intelligence Service (NIS) played a “significant
step forward for international various countries and North Korea, the CIA is part” in paving the way for the creation of a
diplomacy - the first summit in quietly taking credit for arranging the historic tri-nation back-channel which enabled
more than a decade between the meeting - this after months of careful diplomats to comment, give opinion and
two Koreas and marks a significant change negotiation between senior US intelligence ultimately agree to talk face-to-face. Some
from North Korean leader Kim Jong-Un’s officials - led by former Director CIA Mike commentators believe Pompeo’s careful
previous statements that he would continue to Pompeo, and their NK counterparts from its delegation and diplomatic prowess impressed
expand his nuclear arsenal. secretive Reconnaissance General Bureau President Trump - thus he was offered the job
Jong-Un and South Korean President Moon Kim Jong-Un and President Moon Jae-in
Jae-in signed a three-page ‘Panmunjom
Declaration’ named after the truce village in The two Koreas agreed ‘to actively seek the
the demilitaris ed zone (South Korean side), support and cooperation of the international
stating that ‘South and North Korea confirmed community’ in that endeavour, it said. But the
the common goal of realising, through agreement was short on details, and the
of Secretary of State - replacing Rex Tillerson. complete denuclearisation, a nuclear-free phrase ‘a nuclear-free Korean Peninsula’ will
Tillerson had of course famously tweeted the Korean Peninsula’. probably cause alarm in some US spy
President was ‘wasting his time trying to
negotiate with Little Rocket Man’ - a reference 28 April 2018. Brussels, Belgium. US Secretary of State and former D/CIA
to Kim Jong-Un. Mike Pompeo pictured with his security delegation
W
ith Britain’s Empire
THE DEADLY TRADE: Complete most powerful and terrifying vessel Little Brown, USA collapsing and Stalin’s
History of Submarine Warfare ever invented, with enough ascendant, US officials
from Archimedes to the Present
I
destructive power to end all life on n 1999, 30-year-old Nada Bakos under new Secretary of State
Iain Ballantyne Earth. The author considers the key moved from her lifelong home in George C. Marshall set out to
Weidenfeld & Nicolson episodes of submarine warfare and Montana to Washington DC, to reconstruct Western Europe as a
vividly describes the stories of brave join the CIA. Quickly realising her bulwark against Communist
A
cclaimed naval writer Iain individuals who have risked their affinity for intelligence work, Nada authoritarianism. Their massive,
Ballantyne’s The Deadly lives under the sea, often with fatal was determined to rise through the costly, and ambitious undertaking
Trade is a fascinating and consequences. His analysis of ranks of the Agency first as an would confront Europeans and
comprehensive account of how an underwater conflict begins with analyst and then as a Targeting Americans alike with a vision at
initially ineffectual underwater boat - Archimedes discovering the Officer, eventually finding herself on odds with their history and self-
originally derided and loathed in Principle of Buoyancy and then the frontline of America’s War conceptions. In the process, they
equal measure - evolved into the moves through the centuries against terrorism. In this role, Nada would drive the creation of NATO,
was charged with finding the the European Union, and a Western
‘godfather’ of ISIS and mastermind
of al-Qaida in Iraq - Abu Musab al-
Zarqawi.
identity that continues to shape of its demise, shows no sign of Of the twelve who were captured,
world events. becoming obsolete. Frank Ledwidge only two survived; the others were
offers a sweeping look at the history executed, some after being tortured
This is the story behind the birth of of air warfare, introducing the major by the sadistic officers of the
the Cold War, and the US-led liberal battles, crises, and controversies Gestapo. This is their story.
global order, told with verve, insight, where air power has taken centre Hardback 424pp
and resonance for today. Bringing to stage, and the changes in technol-
bear fascinating new material from ogy and air power capabilities over
American, Russian, German, and time. Highlighting the role played by
other European archives, Benn air power in the First and Second
Steil’s book will forever change how Who were the people who provided World Wars, he also sheds light on
we view the Marshall Plan. this rich seam of intelligence? Many the lesser-known theatres where the
were not trained agents nor, with a roles of air forces have been clearly
Focusing on the critical years 1947 few exceptions, people with any decisive in conflicts, in Africa, South
to 1949, Steil’s gripping narrative experience of spying. At the centre America, and Asia.
takes us through the seminal of this book
episodes marking the collapse of is the Along the way, Ledwidge asks key
postwar US-Soviet relations: the ‘Leopold questions about the roles air power
Prague coup, the Berlin blockade, Vindictive can deliver, and whether it is
and the division of Germany. In each Network’ - aconceptually different from other
case, Stalin’s determination to crush small group forms of combat. Considering
the Marshall Plan and undermine of Belgian whether bombing has ever been
American power in Europe is vividly villagers truly effective, he discusses whether
portrayed. prepared to wars can be won from the air, and
take huge concludes by analysing whether
A polished and authoritative work of risks. They were led by an there is a future for manned air Available from Eye Spy Ref: ES/1713
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valuable it was shown to Churchill, Saga of the FBI Agent and Code
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to assist him. Howard Blum
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SECRET PIGEON SERVICE: Not so much about pigeons as the SOE HEROINES: Special Operations
Operation Columba, Resistance remarkable people living in occupied Executive’s French Section and
I
n 1946, genius linguist and
and the Struggle to Liberate Europe Europe who were faced with the Free French Women Agents codebreaker Meredith Gardner
Gordon Corera choice of how to respond to a call Bernard O’Connor discovered that the KGB was
William Collins for help, and took the decision to Amberley Publishing running an extensive network of
resist. Hardback 336pp strategically placed spies inside the
B N
etween 1941 and 1944, early forty female agents United States, whose objective was
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dropped in an arc from Bordeaux to Operations Executive (SOE) during secrets. Over the course of the next
Copenhagen as part of ‘Columba’ - AERIAL WARFARE: The Battle for the Second World War. The decade, he and young FBI supervi-
a secret British operation to bring the Skies youngest was 19 and the oldest 53. sor Bob Lamphere worked together
back intelligence from those living Frank Ledwidge Most were trained in paramilitary on Venona, a top-secret mission to
under Nazi occupation. The Oxford University Press, Oxford warfare, fieldcraft, the use of uncover the Soviet agents and
messages flooded back written on weapons and explosives, sabotage, protect the ‘Holy Grail’ of Cold War
A
tiny pieces of rice paper tucked into erial warfare which has silent killing, parachuting, codes and espionage - the atomic bomb.
canisters and tied to the legs of the dominated western war- cyphers, wireless transmission and
birds. Authentic voices from rural making for over 100 years, receiving, plus general spycraft. Opposites in nearly every way,
France, the Netherlands and Belgium and despite regular announcements These women - as well as others Lamphere and Gardner relentlessly
I
n the post-World War II era, the espionage history, including the Intelligence expert Nigel West
USSR and USA wanted to gain an Manhattan Project, the convicted unravels the tales of hitherto
KING OF SPIES advantage over one another in the Rosenberg spy couple, the U-2 unknown spy missions, using this
Blaine Harden international security environment. incident, and the discovery of ground-breaking research to paint a
Mantle The espionage and spying Russian sleeper cells in the United fresh picture of the worldwide
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classified government records, foundation of knowledge to
unsealed court records, and Top Secret Wartime Reports
interviews in Korea and the USA, the Nigel West
author explains the reign of Donald The History Press
Nichols, an intelligence commander
W
who lost touch with morality, legality WII saw the role of
and even sanity, if military psychia- espionage, secret agents
trists are to be believed. Nichols and spy services increase
created his own black-ops empire, exponentially as the world was
commanding a small army of hand- thrown into conflict. At this time, no
selected spies, deploying his own one in government was really aware
makeshift navy with absolute power of what MI5 and its brethren did.
over life and death. He claimed a But with Churchill at the helm, it
‘legal license to murder’ and was decided to let him in on the
inhabited a world of mass execu- secret, providing him with a weekly
tions and beheadings, as previously report of the spy activities - so
unpublished photographs in the classified that he was handed each
book document. Finally, after 11 report personally and copies were
PART 12
The
Deceptive
MIKE FINN Factor
IN THE INTELLIGENCE CYCLE
INTERROGATION AND HUMINT
MIKE FINN examines a rarely discussed, yet vital intelligence
element used to draw accurate information from a person
during the interrogation or interview process
T
o understand the advancements in conflicting versions of events. Misinformation friend related a false memory, which was
the intelligence world’s research or false news is often reinforced into an about distracting an aggressive bull as they all
into mind manipulation technology, illusion of truth; it’s why contrived memory crossed a field. If this merges with a real
we will first show the malleability of implants are quite feasible. Let’s take an memory of crossing a field, the ‘hero factor’
the mind by opening the door of experimental example; four people who will reinforce the event. Further reinforcement
memory implants to you the reader. enjoyed a fishing trip several years ago, can be obtained as the other members recall
Memories are stored in the brain like the eventually got together and after a few drinks, the event, by praising their friend for his
frames of a cine film, at speed they appear as they begin to reminisce. The most trusted actions. Over time casual reinforcement
one continuous chain of events, it’s easy to
slip a few frames into this set-up. In fact you Environment, understanding a
do not remember the original moment of an target’s mindset and numerous
event, just the last memory of that moment; external factors, can assist those
time can also erode the stability of a memory. engaged with intelligence collection
at the interview stage
In respect of the external factors to memory
implant, there are two main elements, the first
is the subject’s perspective and the second is
the initiator’s (interviewer’s) approach. In the
first instance tiredness, confusion, and
misconceptual uncertainty can make the
memory implant easier. In the latter element,
blurring truth and illusion, being a believable
and trustworthy source, and reinforcement are
all components factors.
SKRIPAL SANCTION Continued from page 65 UK National Security Advisor Mark Sedwil
actions it will take in response. And whilst
President Putin could never have imagined
there would be this degree of solidarity, he is a
very cunning intelligence operative. The state-
teams and MI5 conclude (if that will ever be run media houses in Russia have also rallied
As for the ‘delivery possible) their enquiries. Nevertheless, the UK behind him, blaming the UK Government for
person[s]’ of the Government and its allies, must have received initiating a propaganda campaign intended
nerve agent itself, information and evidence of note, to respond solely on damaging the country’s international
some analysts so quickly in the way they did. This was image.
have considered undoubtedly supplied by MI6, MI5, GCHQ and
the possibility that US Intelligence. On 1 May, UK National Security Advisor Mark
the attacker was a Sedwill admitted no suspects had yet been
former Russian The over-riding implication of the mass identified for the poisoning. However, he said
associate, or expulsions is that the international community Britain is stepping-up security for other
someone who had has reached a common assessment on defectors who may be at risk.
been personally Russia and its disruptive activities - more
Agent Gordon
affected by his broadly through hacking, information warfare,
defection to Britain. But that still does not and by backing extremist political parties. Eye
explain how he, she or they, obtained the VX. Spy understands at least 40 of the expelled
intelligence officers were engaged with cyber
New Scotland Yard has already admitted the directorates in various Russian spy agencies, Perhaps the last word should go to Sir
investigation will take months, thus specula- including the FSB, GRU, SVR and Kremlin- Andrew Wood, UK Ambassador to
tion should be set aside until the investigative sponsored ‘civilian’ organisations. Russia 1995-2000. He was asked if it
would be fair to compare the Russian
FSB headquarters, Lubyanka Government to the Mafia. “That’s a little
Square, Moscow unfair on the Mafia,” Sir Andrew replied.
Sir Andrew
Wood
NY 10118-0069,
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senior editors, consultants and feature writers
Peter Matthews Kevin Coleman Peter Jenkins Mark Birdsall Lynn Hodgson Paul Beaumont Danny King
historical cyber surveillance managing canadian communications security
intelligence consultant consultant editor editor consultant consultant
Kerop Gourdikian Nick Fielding Mike Finn D. Anne Kohl Michael Smith Rusty Firmin John Nomikos Dr Chris
associate senior security associate associate security greece/balkans Northcott
editor consultant consultant editor editor consultant editor associate editor
Christopher Spiros Kopitsos Glenmore Roger Howard Hala Al-Ayoubi John-Hughes Perin Bhatt
Eger associate Trenear-Harvey associate tradecraft Wilson security
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