CHAPTER 9: Database Management Systems Backup and recovery

Database usage reporting.

1. Five general duties of the database Administrator: Database access.
Database Planning
Design 6. Ex pla i n the re la ti ons hi p be twe e n the thr ee
Implementation le v e ls of the da ta de finiti on language. As a
Operation and Maintenance user, which level would you be most interested in?
Plan for change and growth
There are three levels of Data Definition Language,
2. Four primary elements of the database namely
environment:
Users :Internal View (Physical View) is the physical
Database Mgnt. System arrangement of records inthe database, the lowest level
Database Admin.
of representation.
Physical Database
C o n c e p t u a l V i e w ( L o g i c a l V i e w / S c h e m a )
3. Network and hierarchical models difference:
A network model is a database model that is designed as d e s c r i b e s t h e e n t i r e database. It represents the
a flexible approach to representing objects and their database logically and abstractly.
relationships. A hierarchical database is a design that
uses a one-to-many relationship for data elements. External View (User View/Subschema) defines the
user’s section of thedatabase, the portion that individual
4. Flat-file data management problems are solved as user is authorized to access.
a result of using the database concept
No data redundancy. As a user, I will be most interested in the
Single update conceptual view or schema because I want to view
Current values. the entire database as a whole.
Task-data independence.

5. Four ways in which DBMS provide a controlled 7. Primary key

environment to manage user access and the data A special relational database table column designated to
resources uniquely identify all table records.
Program development.
8. Foreign key
A column or group of column in a relational database
table that provides a link between data in two tables.
9. Data dictionary and its purpose:
It describes every data element in the database. This
enables all users (and programmers) to share a common
view of the data resource and greatly facilitates the
analysis of user needs.
10. Give an application for a partitioned database.
It splits the central database into segments or partitions
that are distributed to their primary users.
11. Entity refers to anything about which the organization
wishes to capture data. It may be physical, such as
inventories, customers, or employees or conceptual such
as sales, A/R or A/P.
12. Give an application for a replicated database.
Refers to a technique through which an instance of a
database is exactly copied to, transferred to or integrated
with another location.
13. Discuss and give example of the following types
of association: (1:0,1), (1:1), (1:M),and (M:M).
(1:0,1). A one-to-one means that for every occurrence in
record type X, either zero or one occurrence exist of
record type Y. Example for every employee, only one
social security exist.
(1:1), Describes a situation in which record in one
entity is always associated with one record in
associated with one entity. For example, a company
laptop computer is assigned to only one manager, and
every manager is assigned only one laptop.
(1:M), . A one-to-many means that for every occurrence
in record type in record type X, zero, one, or many
occurrences exist of record type Y. Example is buyer
assigned seating at concerts.
(M:M). A many-to-many association is two-way
relationship, for occurrence of record t y p e X a n d Y,
zero, one or many occurrence exist or
r e c o r d t y p e Y a n d X , respectively. An example
would be a student- professor relationship. Each
student has a multiple professors each semester, and
each professor has multiple students each semester.
14. Distinguish between association and cardinality.
An association defines a relationship between two entity
objects based on common attributes. While cardinality is
the degree of association between two entities
15.
16. Four characteristics of properly designed
relational database tables
1. The value of at least one attribute in each occurrence
(row) must be unique.
2. All attribute values in any column must be of the same
class.
3. Each column in a given table must be uniquely named.
4. Tables must conform to the rules of normalization.
17. Relational features restrict, project, and join :
Restrict - extracts specified rows from a specified table.
Project - extracts specified attributes (columns) from a
table to create a virtual table.
Join - builds a new physical table from two tables
consisting of all concatenated pairs of rows, from each
table.
18.
19.
20. Data model is the blueprint for ultimately creating the
physical database.
21.
22. User view - defines how a particular user sees the
portion of the database that he or she is authorized to
access.
23.
24.
25.
CHAPTER 11: Enterprise Resource Planning Systems
1. ERP - systems are multiple module software packages
that evolved primarily from traditional manufacturing
resource planning (MRP II) systems.
2. Closed database architecture - Under this approach,
a database management system is used to provide
minimal technological advantage over flat-file system.
3. Core applications - are those applications that
operationally support the day-to-day activities of the
business. Also called online transaction processing apps.
(sales and distribution, business planning, production
planning)
4. Online analytical processing (OLAP) includes
decision support, modeling, information retrieval, ad hoc
reporting/analysis, and what-if analysis.
5. Client-server model - is a distributed communication
framework of network processes among service
requestors, clients and service providers.
6. Two-tier client-server model - the server handles
both application and database duties.
7. Three-tier client-server model – The database and
application functions are separated.
8. Bolt-on software - is software that can be easily
attached to a client project, for example, a website.
9. SCM software – is the management of set of activities
associated with moving goods from the raw materials
stage to the consumer.
10 Changed data capture - refers to software that
records database data activity for tracking purposes from
enterprise database transaction logs.
11. Data warehouse - is a relational or multidimensional
database that may consume hundreds of gigabytes or
even terabytes of disk storage
12. Data mining – is the process of analyzing hidden
patterns of data according to different perspectives for
categorization into useful information.
13. Data cleansing mean – involves filtering out or
repairing invalid data prior to being stored in the
warehouse.
14.
15. Drill-down approach – permits disaggregating data
to reveal the underlying details that explain certain
phenomena.
19.
20. Role - is a formal technique for grouping together
users according to the system resources they need to
perform their assigned tasks.
21. Access control list - specifies the user-ID, the
resources available to the user, and the level of
permission granted such as read only, edit, or create.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27. Slicing and dicing - enables the user to examine
data from different viewpoints. It is often performed along
a time axis to depict trends and patterns.

16. Big bang approach – is a method that involves

getting rid of the existing system and transferring all
users to the new system simultaneously.

17. Scalability - is the system’s ability to grow smoothly

and economically as user requirements increase.

18.