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IP Classes

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 IP Addresses

Class A:

Network: 128

Host: 16,777,216 (256*256*256)

Class B:

Network: 16,384 (64*256)

Host: 65,536 (256*256)

Class C:

Network: 2,097,152 (32*256*256)

Host: 256
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 IP Addresses

Class A Class B Class C

First Octet Range 1 to 127 128 to 191 192 to 223

Valid Network 1.0.0.0 to 128.0.0.0 to 192.0.0.0 to

Numbers 126.0.0.0 191.255.0.0 223.255.255.0
Size of Network Part 1 2 3
of Address (Bytes)

Size of Host Part of 3 2 1

Address (Bytes)

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Network and Host Parts and
Default Masks
Class of Size of Network Part Size of Host Part Default Mask for
Address of Address in Bits of Address in Bits Each Class of
Network
A 8 24 255.0.0.0

B 16 16 255.255.0.0

C 24 8 255.255.255.0

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Network and Host Parts

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Network and Host Parts

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Network and Host Parts

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IP Packet/Header

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RFC 1918 Private Address Space

Class of Private IP Networks OR

Networks
A 10.0.0.0 through 10.255.255.255 10.0.0.0/8

B 172.16.0.0 through 172.31.255.255 172.16.0.0/12

C 192.168.0.0 through 192.168.255.255 192.168.0.0/16

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Why We Use Subnetting?

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3 Math Operations for Subnetting

Converting IP addresses and masks from binary to

decimal, and decimal to binary

Performing a binary math operation called a Boolean AND

Converting between two formats for subnet masks: Dotted
Decimal Number (DDN) and Prefix Notation (CIDR
Notation-Classless Inter-Domain Routing)

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 Memorize
255 127 63 31 15 7 3 1
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 128
1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 192
1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 224
1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 240
1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 248
1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 252
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 254
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 255
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Classful and Classless Subnetting

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Address Formats When
Subnetting is Used

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 Analyzing Subnet Mask

Number of Network Bits: Always defined by Class A, B, C

Number of Host Bits: Always defined as the number of
binary 0s in the mask

Number of Subnet Bits: Two Ways:

32-(Network Size + Host Size)

24-(Host Size) or 16-(Host Size) or 8-(Host Size)
H

Number of Host Per Subnet: 2 - 2
S

Number of Subnets: 2
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 Exercise

202.21.14.37 /24

128.34.22.2 /16

82.12.14.5 /8

130.4.102.1 /25

199.1.1.100 /28

18.11.34.25 /17

105.42.121.11 / 22

199.1.1.100 /30
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 Analyzing Existing Subnets

Finding Subnet Number: Binary

Finding Broadcast Address: Binary

Finding Valid IP Addresses in a Subnet: Binary

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 Exercise

199.12.15.1 /24

150.114.24.7 /16

125.12.37.100 /8

170.4.144.1 / 25

131.4.211.200 / 28

77.17.64.55 /18

144.4.102.1 / 20

131.4.102.143/ 30
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 Analyzing Existing Subnets

Finding Subnet Number: Decimal

Finding Broadcast Address: Decimal

Finding Valid IP Addresses in a Subnet: Decimal

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 Exercise

170.4.144.1 / 25

131.4.211.200 / 28

77.17.64.55 /18

144.4.102.1 / 20

81.153.96.107/14

109.209.78.21/11

131.4.102.143/ 30

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 Choosing the Subnets of a
Classful Network/Subnet Zero

Finding All Subnets in an IP with More Than 8 Subnet
Bits:

166.25.0.0 /26

166.25.0.0 /27

166.25.0.0 /29

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 Choosing the Subnets of a
Classful Network/Subnet Zero

Finding All Subnets in an IP with Fewer Than 8 Subnet
Bits:

166.25.0.0 /22

166.25.0.0 /19

166.25.0.0 /17

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 Choosing the Subnets of a
Classful Network/Subnet Zero

Finding All Subnets in an IP with Exactly 8 Subnet Bits:

166.25.0.0 /24

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 Choosing a Subnet Mask that
Meets Design Requirements

Which subnet masks lets a Class B network have up to
139 hosts per subnet, and supports 177 subnets?

Which subnet masks lets a Class B network have up to
1000 hosts per subnet, and supports 44 subnets?

Which subnet masks lets a Class B network have up to
210 hosts per subnet, and supports 55 subnets? (Multiple
Possible Masks)
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 Choosing a Subnet Mask that
Meets Design Requirements

Which subnet masks lets a Class A network have up to
160 hosts per subnet, and supports 160 subnets? (Multiple
Possible Masks)

Which subnet masks lets a Class C network have up to
160 hosts per subnet, and supports 160 subnets?

Which subnet masks lets a Class C network have up to 2
hosts per subnet, and supports 48 subnets?
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