Multi-Objective Crop Production Planning for a

Highland Agriculture Cooperative in Thailand

Peerapong Pakawanich, Apinanthana Udomsakdigool and

Chareonchai Khompattraporn
Department of Production Engineering,
Faculty of Engineering
King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Thailand
 INTRODUCTION
• Agricultural production system is an interesting subject at present because the world
population is increasing rapidly. Food and fiber need to be provided for increment of
the global population by increasing agricultural production.
• CPP is one of the most importance problems in agricultural planning. The challenging
is how to allocate a fixed resource, especially land, among farmers.
• A mathematical model was widely used to solve those problems and a linear
programming is the most popular used to allocate the farming resources.
 INTRODUCTION (cont.)
• The objectives of CPP are divided into 3 perspectives.
• The first and most popular objective is economic objective.
• The next is environment objective.
• The last is social objective.
 INTRODUCTION (cont.)
• Most of researches are maximize profit or revenue.
• Those objectives are suitable for individual farmer or contact farming but maybe not
suitable for the cooperative or social enterprise organization which focuses on the
issues of income or employment equality.
• This study focuses on two objectives, maximize sum profit of farmers in the
cooperative and minimize standard deviation of income among farmers.
 PROBLEM DEFINITION
• A case study of this research is a highland agriculture cooperative located in the north
of Thailand.
• The cooperative aimed to enhance a quality of life, rehabilitate and conserve an
environment of a community on highland.
• Farmers in this agriculture center locate at 2 area altitude (900 and 1,200 meters
above sea level).
 PROBLEM DEFINITION (cont.)
• At present the agricultural center allocates crops for each farmer to plant using the
random method.
• Farmers receive a revenue from selling crop grade 1 and grade 2.
• The result from this method illustrates that the revenue of each farmer is different
around 20% because some farmers receive a lot of high value crop but the others
receive a low value.
• This research wants to minimize a gap between farmer’s revenue and maximizing
profit of the farmers in the cooperative.
 PROBLEM DEFINITION (cont.)
• A mathematical model has been formulated to achieve the objective of this research.
The model is solved using the Frontline premium solver platform v12.5.2.0.
• The altitude area, yield, grade, cost and price of each crop in each season were
collected from the agricultural center.
• Farmers have total land (TL) about 3-5 rai
• 1 rai = 1600 m2
Maximize sum Profit
OBJECTIVES
𝑀𝑀𝑀 𝑍1 = � � � � (𝑅1𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 + 𝑅2𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 ) − (𝐿𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝐶𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 )
𝑖∈𝐼 𝑗∈𝐽 𝑘∈𝐾 𝑚∈𝑀
where
R1 = Lijkm x Yijkm x G1ijkm x P1ijkmx Oi
R2 = Lijkm x Yijkm x G2ijkm x P2ijkm x Oi

Minimize standard deviation of income per rai among farmers

(𝑅𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 − 𝑅� )2
𝑀𝑀𝑀 𝑍2 = �� � �
𝑛−1
𝑖∈𝐼 𝑗∈𝐽 𝑘∈𝐾 𝑚∈𝑀

where
Rijkm = (R1ijkm + R2ijkm)/TLjm
 CONSTRAINTS
Amount of land allocated to crops i in season j at area altitude k to farmer m must not
exceed the cultivable area

� � 𝐿𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 ≤ 𝑇𝑇𝑗𝑗 , ∀ 𝑘 ∈ 𝐾, 𝑚 ∈ 𝑀
𝑖∈𝐼 𝑗∈𝐽

Amount of crop i in season j must equal to customer demand for crop i in season j

� � � (𝐿𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑌𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝐺𝐺𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑂𝑖 + 𝐿𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑌𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝐺𝐺𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑂𝑖 ) = 𝐷𝑖𝑖 , ∀ 𝑗 ∈ 𝐽

𝑖∈𝐼 𝑘∈𝐾 𝑚∈𝑀
 CONSTRAINTS (cont.)
Standard deviation of income among farmers must less than or equal to expected
standard deviation

(𝑅𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 − 𝑅�)2
�� � � ≤ 𝑆𝑆 ∗
𝑛−1
𝑖∈𝐼 𝑗∈𝐽 𝑘∈𝐾 𝑚∈𝑀
 Tradeoff curve
90,000
80,000
70,000
60,000
50,000
Profit 611,800
SD

40,000
30,000
20,000
SD 5
10,000
0
Profit
 RESULTED PLAN (from the suggestion point)
Farmer
Crop
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
A 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.27 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00
Season 1

B 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
C 0.77 0.52 0.53 0.89 0.01 0.11 0.01 0.32 0.80 0.79 0.54 0.62 0.83 0.67 0.54
D 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01
E 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
F 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
A 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.12 0.11 0.00 2.76 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.13 0.58 0.03
B 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 1.23 2.98 0.00 0.00 0.89 0.47 0.00 0.00 0.00
Season 2

C 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.73 0.44 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.58 0.00
D 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00
E 0.00 0.00 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
F 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.67 4.13 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
A 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
B 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Season 3

C 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.00
D 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
E 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.00 0.04 0.00 4.78 0.09
F 3.22 2.99 3.00 5.00 4.00 4.98 3.99 1.34 0.00 0.14 0.00 0.19 2.35 0.18 2.91

A = red cabbage, B = pointed cabbage, C = cos, D = lettuce, E = broccoli, F = Chinese cabbage

 Future Research
• Some uncertainty parameter should be considered such as price or yield.