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Selection Guides 1 MDBO1 002-EN
Page 1
March 1 992
Changed since August 1990
Dala subjecl lo change wilhoul nolice
MODURES range based on plug-in modules The appricatian nates for different objects are
for mounting in 19" racks or cages. Interna! intended to give a briefing of problems with
connections are made with wire-wrap and ex- protectionappfication.
ternal connections with terminals pre-wired
upon delivery. Further information is available in Application
Guides and other specific documents describ-
SPACOM range based on p/ug-in modufes in ing appticafron problems.
3U high cases of size 100/S, 100, 300/S or
300 or in a 3U 19" rack. The external connec- The setection guide for different objects gives
tions are made with screw connections. SPA- a summary 01 availabie products from different
range is used for products in distribution ranges. The catalogue section gives refer-
range. ences to suitable products described under
other sections than the object section.
I Selection table
Symbol Description i COMBIFLEX MODURES
ABB Network Contro! Selection Guides
& Protection
IA3VO8 1o1WOA8A3eA
SX91
Autoreclosing RE~3/101
Table 2
Structureand additional functions
~~:~::~~::""nr
Microprocessor I x x x x x x
Multiprocessor x x x
Self-supervision x x x x x x
IDlagnostTCof faulty module x x x x x x
Special options:
I Fault locator(:f:1%) x
Fault indicator (:I: 5%) x x
Event recording x x x x
Fault recording x x x
Directional earth fault prot. x x x x
Inverse time earth fautt prot. x x x
Fuse failure blocking x x x x n.a. n.a.
II10->
Performance
Relay type REZ1 RELZ REL MOAR LR91 MSPC LCB II
100 316
I~:
Typical operating time
with CVT
, < 1 cycle x x
1 < 1.5 cycle x x x x
< 2.5 cycle x
I Sensitivi:ty:
Mho x x n.a n.a. n.a.n.a.
Ouadrilateral x x x n.a n.a.
Individual resitive and
reactive setting x x x noa n.a.
Directional earth fault pro-
tection x x x x
load discrimination:
I Uniimited x x x
Power swing blocking x x x x
I Selectivit)l:
Unit protection
X1 X1 X1 X1 X X X
Zona 1 load compensated X X n.a. n.a. n.a
Separate zero sequence
compensation facto r per
zone x x x n.a. n.a n.a
i Single-phase tripping x x x x X X
POT and blocking communication scheme
Table 4
Overhead lines
Cables
Double-circuit lines
Three terminal lines
Series compensated lines
HVDC applications
I X Applicable
o Conditionai applicable
(X) Overqualified
n.a.
r1PUT,
Generator protection Application nates
The protection system necessary for a genera- Same general comments on the protection
tor is dependent on many factors, such as system:
generator size, type of driving source, system a) High ohmic system earthing gives advan-
earthing, connection to network, country and tages on damage at a fault and will also limit
user's praxis, etc. transient overvoltages on healthy phases
during the fault.
The protection system shall detect and discon-
b) Selectivity for earth faults, for bus con-
nect the generator circuit at;
nected generators, is achieved with current
a) Internai short-circuits and earth faults measurement.
b) External faults on other circuits (as back- c) High impedance differential protection re-
up protection) quires separate CT cores and the cores
c) Abnormal service conditions which eventu- shall have identical turn ratio.
ally will cause electrical faults. d) Back-up short~ircuit protection must be
The protection system for a generator has ex- with underimpedance or overcurrentlunder-
treme requirement on dependability i e all voltage function for generators where the
faults must be cleared by the generator protec. source to excitation equipment is from gen-
tion system as the possibility to achieve re- erator voltage, as the current in such cages
mote back-up does not exist. can quickly drop below rated current.
e) Reverse power protection is not required for
A local back-up must thus be provided with Pelton type turbines. The sensitivity of re-
the provided protection system. The other verse power protection is extremely high
components of the fault clearing chain, such and CT care and cabling must be checked
as CT and VT cores, dc supply, trip circuit de- to achieve small angle error.
sign, etc. must also be given the same consid-
f) Breaker failure protection should be imple-
eration. A typical protection block diagram for
mented, if remote backup tripping times
a bus connected generator is shown in Fig. 2.
cannot ensure system stability on a failure
to trip the generator breaker.
Table 1 gives a recommendation of protection
to be included depending upon generator size For same steam turbines, low forward pow-
and type. er protection is included in the trip criteria of
the generator breaker, to avoid unnecessary
overspeed of the generator at tripping.
Table 1 .Proposed protection equipment for different types of generators with different rating
Generator size II III IV V
0-4 MVA 4-15 MVA 15-50MVA 50-200 MVA Largeturbo-
Protection alternators
Rotor ollerload x
Rotor earth fault x x
Interturn fault x 4 4 x I 4
Differen1:ial generator x x X
Differential block (transformer) X X x
Underfrequency 3 i x .1 3
Overvol1:age x x i X x
Stator e3.rth fault x X X
Loss of '9xcitation X x x X
Pole-slip (out of step) X X
Reverse power x 5 x 5 x 5
Under irnpedance x x x
Unbalarlce (12current) x 76 7 X
Overcurrent (definite time) 6 X
Stator overload x
Ove rcu rrent/U ndervoltage x 6 x 6
Dead machine I x x
Breaker fai/ure x
1 on ly necessary for steam and diesel drives
2 only necessary for thyristor excitation from generator terminals
3 only necessary for pump operation
4 only necessary when several bars of the same phase in the same slot
5 not necessary with Pelton turbines
6 overclJrrent should not be used with self supported static excitation system
, 7 when unbalanced load is expected
--
SE~lectiontable Type of relay
-s),mbol ,IDescription REG 216 REG I COMBIFLEX
SPACOM/others
REG 216C 100-series
I Se<
UIII
IStator earth fault
100% based on injection I GIX104a
59N 1000;0based on 3rd harm. I RAGEA
RXIG/RXTFA
95% UN measuring x x UT91
1800;0UN measuring RXEG SPAGseries
p<: Reverse power x x I RXPE 40 SPAGseries/REX911
32 Low forward power x x RXPE 40 SPAGserieslREX911
'nsc Negative sequence current
46 Inverse characteristic x x RARIB MC91
Definite time x x RARID MC91 IMCX913
I u,.
159 x x I RXEG UT91 SPAUseries/UKT913I
x RXEG UT91 SPAGseries/UKT911
13(1)1> I Single-phase
Overcurrent
151 x x RXIG IT94-31
Three-phase x x RXIG IT94-3 SPAGseries
Three-phase inverse time x x RXIDF IC91-3 SPAGseries
13Z< Underimpedance x x RAKZB ZSX102
21
Rotor earth fault
Ac injection x RAGRA GIX104
Dc injection RXNB4
Balance IWX161a
x RAKZB ZPX103a
x RAGPC
x x
x x RXVE MC91 IMCX913
I f>
t< I Underfrequency x x RXFE FC95
Overlrequency x x
81
x RXEG /UKT911
x x RXIG 22
x x RXIGI IT94-3IUT92
RXEG
RXZK/RXPE GZX104a
x x RAGUA
x x RATUB
The new numerical generator protection termi- Numerical generator protection terminals from
nals, REG 216 and REG 100 series, form part the PYRAMID range are: REG 100, REG 110,
of the PYRAMID range. The relays include REG 120 (REG 110 + REOR 100), REG 150,
continuous self-supervision, for maximum reli- REG 216 and REG 216C.
ability, and possibilities for remote communica-
tionwith the relay. For the available protection functions in each
terminal, please refer to the respective product
The numericalrelay gives many advantages to catalogues.
the user at installation, erection, commission-
ing and during service, which gives a low life-
cycle Gast and total economy.
I
ASS Network Contral Selection Guides 1 MDBO10O2-EN
& Protectian P~e8
SUB 2 SUB l
r;::::;-
Alarm .[i]
4 ITCSf-
r{YJ
~1-0 '-fY]
~~~ TCS\-'
IUN>
~
U>
~
I
~=~_I L\
A
A
j p "":-r D
cc
)
~ rD
AlaJ:m ~
--- j~r
I>
~ Turbine
Mech.
brake
~
~ ~ (2J::t
stop
AlaJE
- ~ 3ld>
~
AlaJ"In
~
L;
UN>I
~ CI )
(1002-2)
Fig. 2 Typical protection system for a bus connected generator
'::~~gI
=Db
-l_~~
~
.-J
ABB Network Controi Selection Guides 1 MDBO1 0O2-EN
& Protection Page 9
Selection table
Symbol Function Type of relay
IECI ANSI COMBIFLEX MODURES SPACOM 900--
31&1> 87-r
DT92 SPAD 330C DTN920
DT93
1 31&>
31>. 87T Transformer differential 2-3 restraining
50.51 inputs + overcurrent and/or overload (O.L: RET 316
(3U» (59) or differential with 2 restraining inputs +
(I ~ ) (49) overvoltage + overcurrent or O.L.
31d 87
I RMX913+
IKC913
I RMX913+
IKT943
IKC911
IKT941
I RMX911+
IKT943
1*-> 67N Transient directional earth fault RXPG 4
1
IIT94-3
I
ABB Network 'Controi Selection Guides 1 MDBO1 0O2-EN
& Protection Page 11
u§ ---
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31> )
~I~ , (
.
i
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I
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Shurit reactor Application notes
protE~ction The types of reactors considered are the com- A two-stage overcurrent protection is suitable.
mon types: An instantaneous stage can be set above the
a) Three-phase, oil immersed reactors with maximum inrush current, e.g. above two times
gapped iron core nominal current. An inverse or definite time-
lag step is set to avoid operation at maximum
b) Three-phase sets of air-core reactors, of-
service current and inrush current.
ten Thyristor Controlled Reactor (TCR), be-
ing part of a Static VAr Compensator (SVC).
Earth fault protection. A suitable type of relay
depends on the system earthing and the level
a) Oil immersed shunt reactors. of earth fault current. In effectively earth ed
The purpose of the protection relaying is to systems, the differential and a back-up earth
disconnect the reactor and limit damage in current relay is suitable. Inrush current should
cage of internai short-circuits, earth faults, in- be considered. If for som e reason a sensitive
terturn faults and overvoltage or overioad. The differential protection is not chosen, a re-
reactor forms a certain impedance for rated stricted earth fault protection can be used.
frequency, and as it is shunt connected, an
overload may be caused by overvoltage or In high impedance earthed or unearthed sys-
harmonics in voltage and current. In Fig. 1 an tems the usual types of earth fault relays in-
example of a protection arrangement is shown. tended for those systems can be used, e.g.
delayed earth current and neutral point voltage
(residual voltage) relays.
For internai faults, a gas detection and oil
surge device (Buchholz Alarm and Buchholz The shunt reactor protection relays can be
Surge) and current differential protection are supplemented by trip relays, lock-out relays
provided. The Buchholz device detects the ef- (to prevent unwanted energization of a faulty
feGts of an interturn fault. Sometimes there is a reactor), tri p circuit supervision, and breaker
neutral reactor between the neutral of a three- failure relay. A shunt reactor can be connected
phase reactor and earth. Fault detection in this to the system in different ways, through a dedi-
part is difficult, because there is normally no cated CB, to the tertiary winding of transform-
voltage or current in this part. It is usually fitted er, or through a disconnector to a transmission
with a Buchholz device. line. The tripping arrangement has to be ar-
ranged accordingly. At connection to a line,
The differential relay, 31d. can be of the same tripping of the line CB, blocking of auto-reclos-
type as that used for generator differential pro- ing and transfer trip to the remote end should
tection. It can be of high impedance type, or of be arranged. Transfer tripping can use a power
a sensitive current stabilized type. High imped- line carrier (PLC) link. It is recommended that
ance relays require an equal CT turns ratio on the shunt reactor is connected on the station
the phase and neutral sides, (6 CT's). Typical side of the PLC line trap. In this way the reac-
sensitivity is about 5% of nominal reactor or tor will cause minimal diversion of the PLC sig-
CT current. It is usually appropriate also as nal.
earth fault protection.
b) Air care reactor, e.g. Thyristor Controlled
The differential measurement compares the Reactor, TCR.
current, phase by phase, at the phase connec- The reactor is connected in delta (Triangle)
tions and at the neutral connection. The inrush and assumed connected as a smalllocal un-
current does not appear as differential, but earth ed system part, connected through a
rather as a through fault current. Harmonic re- transformer to the power system.
straint of differential protection is not neces-
sary. A three-phase differential protection 31d, for
phase-to-phase short-circuits is included.
Overcurrent protection, 31>, is usual as a Three CT's are connected to each phase mod-
back-up protection. A shunt reactor will get an ule as shown. In this way full coverage of the
inrush current at energization. The maximum three legs is obtained.
value depends on the reactor design, but is
generally smaller than for a transformer. At Please nate that for high impedance relays,
least in same phase it contains a dc compo- the three sets of CT's shall have equal turns
nent and harmonic distortion. ratio and suitable data. The back-up short-cir-
cuit protection may be an overcurrent protec-
The overcurrent relays used should have a low tian, common for a few objects, such as TCR
influence on the dc component, i.e. a low tran- and filter banks. As earth fault protection in a
sient overreach, and they should have a high local isolated system, a neutral point voltage
resetting ratio. This means that the inrush cur- (residual voltage) relay can be used.
rent has less influence on a low set overcur-
rent relay. Especially for instantaneous and
definite time delayed function, it is also advan-
tageous if the relay has reduced sensitivity to
harmonics.
ABB Network Controi Selection Guides 1 MDBO1 0O2-EN
& Protection Page 13
Overvoltage, JU>, and undervoltage, U<. gard to that of the reactor. The heating effect of
relays can be included to operate at abnormal the reactor may be frequency dependent (skin
service conditions. At low voltage the synchro. effect). The reactor manufacturer should pro-
nization of the thyristor triggering can be dis- vide this information. A thermal relay with set-
turbed. table frequency dependence is advantageous.
(E.g. type RXVE 45 or the three-phase ver-
Thermal overload protection,I? One form of sion RXVE 43 + RXTIP 41.)
overload protection is obtained by the overvoI-
tage relay. It may however also be desirable to A negative sequence current protection, Insc,
protect against overload by harmonics too. will detect unsymmetry, which might be caused
Temperature detection in a dry air care reactor by disturbed thyristor controi. It can be a sepa-
is difficult to arrange. rate relay or be included in the thyristor controi
system.
A thermal current relay can be used. The ther.
mal time constant should be chosen with re-
59I
rUKTm
Three-phase Overvoltage, IUT~4
(27) (or Undervoltage), definite time
59
(27)
-f Single=phase Overvoltage and I s~u 130G UKf913
Undervoltage
---
\ Single-phase Overvoltage and Under
voltage, definite time or inverse time,I
neutral point voltage
--
I. Neutral point voltage 21 :uTRt I SPAU 300 Series
(Residual voltage) SPAU 110C
(OverllUxing,~) Inverse time-lag I RATUB2
U/b
-
~ Thermal overload, three-phase set (SPAM)
--
Negative sequence current RARID MCX913
(unsymmetricalload)
Less commonly used protection is put in brackets above ( j.
b
I~SF1
rRXEG
I!IUKT911
RXMS1
1UT91/UT92
, RXMH
-
(1002-4)
r- -
Selection tableI
Function -
SPAU
140 I SPAJ 140 I SPAJ 300 I RACID I RAClF 1) I. RXPEI
RXIDF I RXPG
SPAA
120 I SPAA
300 I SPAC
300 I SPAC
5302) DPU REL I RADHL
316 ~
Serie.. Series
Series Series Series Series
~~~Uit protection
Two-phase overcurrent x x x x x x x
~~~~~se overcurrent x x x x )C x x x x
Directional current x
I Line differential x
i Distance protection x
I Earth fault protection
I Nondirectional, sensitive x x x x x x
I
I Nondirectional, high set x x x x x x x x
I Directional 0°/90° x x x x
Transient measuring x x
! Thermal overload
I protection
~~~eAutoreclosing
x x
x x
\ singl:=.:hot
I Multi-shot x x x x
~~~~:k X
I ~~n~r~1
Single busbar x x
Double busbilr x
GIS x
Measuring
Current x x x x x x x x x
Voltage x x x
Power x x x
Serial comml"nication X
)( I x x x x x x x
Remarks
1) Self powered
2) Disturbancl~ Recorder (optional)
x
ASS Network Controi Selection Guides 1 MDBO1 0O2-EN
& Protection Page 16
I Funlction SPAM SPAM SPAM SPAG SPAC I RAMDE PRO' SACO I RADH~ SPAD SPAU SPAU r RAGPC
010 050 150C 32OC 537C STAR 16A3 330C 130C 300
Series Series
--Short-circuit protection
x
Twc)-phase
'--- overcurrent
- x x x x
Throee-phase
ri5jff;erential, bia
overcurrent
sed - ~ x x x x x
x
Diffoerential,
Earth fault high
protectionimped~
--
Nondirectional, sensitive x x x x x
--
Nondirectional, coarse )( x x
Thermal overload
pro'tection
Tw()-phase
I -
-
x x x x x x
Three-phase x x x x x x x
Stalrt-up supervision ==
Sta.!1protection
-
x x x x x x
--
Starting time x x x x x
Start-up counter
-
x )( x x
Phiase unbalance
protection
-
Definite time
-
-x x
Inverse time x x x x x
se sequence
tection
rrect '
x x x x x
oss-of-load protection
--
ercurrent x x ~fJ ~ yi) ~ yi} x
rmal supervision
h PTC thermistors
h PTC sensors
-'
x x
s-of-excitation
tection
erreactance )(
tage supervision
lOvervoitage
--
x x x
-Urldervoltage x x x
~Single
ontrOIbusbar
x x
Double busbar/GIS x
Mt~asuring
CIJrrent x x x x x x
[VC>ltage ~ x x x
I PC)wer x
1-X---lx I xlx-r- j x 1x-1--j x lx-I x j1T
C:an be set out of flJnction
1--st-:;rlåfcommuiiiCafu-;;n--l
-x