:Summary

In this test we will have a stress-strain diagram

for a sample of concrete to test its elasticity and
.determine the modules of elasticity for this sample
And in the other part we will make an impact test
on sample of steel to determine how different samples
.will face impact stress

:Object
.Make stress-strain diagram for steel sample -1
Determine the modules of elasticity for this sample -2
Mange the difference at the surface for the broken -3
.sample at impact load

:Preliminary remarks
In the stress-strain diagram we can determine a
lot of things from the stress-strain diagram which give
us an indication about the behavior of the concrete
under any compression load which help us as civil
engineers to have enough information how the concrete
.will act in the structure

:Test sample
.Concrete cylinder (150x300) mm (.1
Two samples for impact test one is steel (.2
.andbanother is cast iron

1
:Test apparatus
Compression machine with gage length 110mm with -1
.range (0.01 mm)
Mechanical (dial gages) to measure the deformation -2
.Impact machine for impact test -3

:Test procedure
:A) stress-strain diagram
We but the sample in the compression machine and -1
.fix the given gaga length
.then we turn the machine on-2
We start to stop the machine and take the load and -3
the deformation from the mechanical gage for about
.times (turn on and off)

B) Impact test
We put the steel sample in its place in the machine -1
and leave the load to fall due its own load which breaks
.the sample
Then we see the surface of the sample at the -2
.fracture
.we do the same thing for cast iron sample-3

2
 :Test results

load (KN) δ (mm) Stress(MPA) Єx10(-4) (mm)

27.8 0.01 1.57 0.91
51.4 0.015 2.91 1.36
88.8 0.02 5.02 1.81
124 0.03 7.01 2.72
178.1 0.035 10.1 3.18
224.7 0.045 12.7 4.1
267.6 0.05 15.1 4.5
323.8 0.065 18.3 5.9

Modules of elasticity= 2.98 x 10(13)

pa/m
:Discussion
The degree to which a structure deforms or strains
depends on the magnitude of an imposed stress, so for
most materials like concrete the shape of the
structure may be differ due to the that it face so we
make a relation ship between the stress that the
material face and the difference in the that had
.happened to it

So in our test we mange to study this relation ship and

determine how concrete behave in these states, there
is a constant for the each material which called the

3
modules of elasticity (E) which give us an indication of
the material behavior in the elastic range among this

.equation(σ=ЕЄ)

So in our test we determine the modules of elasticity

for the sample of concrete we have here as we see ion
the test results, in this we use a mechanical gage which
give us the deformation that happen to the concrete
sample due to the load, this way is unpractical and may
have a big range for errors so we some times we use
electrical circuits which it adhesive to the concrete
.sample which is more accurate

In the experiment we have another test for metals

which is impact test which test wither the metal is
ductile or brittle materials as we see in the test steel
an brittle material while cast iron is an ductile
.material

:We can summarize the errors in this test as following

Human errors in taking reading from the mechanical -1
.gage in the sample
.Errors in calculation and measuring application -2

:Conclusion

4
concrete is a brittle material due to compressive -1
.loading
each material has constant for it which represent -2
the relation between the stress and strain for tested
.sample of this material
stress-strain diagram could give us indication how -3
.the material will behave under any load

:Appendix
Graph 1(stress-strain diagram )

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:Calculation

σ=P/A*
Ex: (27.8x10(3))/ ((π/4) x0.15²x10 (-6)) =1.57x10(6) PA

σ= ЕЄ=slope of the stress-strain diagram

. *

THE END