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7HFQRORJtDVGH)DEULFDFLyQ 3UREOHPD

7LHPSRGXUDFLyQK GH6HSWLHPEUHGH

(Q XQ WRUQR DXWRPiWLFR DOLPHQWDGR SRU EDUUD GH  PP GH GLiPHWUR OD SLH]D XQD YH]
DFDEDGDHVFRUWDGDPHGLDQWHXQDRSHUDFLyQGHWURQ]DGRFRQODFXFKLOODGHDFHURUiSLGRTXH
DSDUHFHHQODILJXUD
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SLH]D WURQ]DGDGHEHVHULQIHULRUDmP F ODPiTXLQDWLHQHXQDSRWHQFLDGHFDEH]DOGH
N: FRQh 
(O WRUQR SRVHH JDPDGLVFUHWDGHYHORFLGDGHVGHJLURGHOFDEH]DOHQWUH\USPFRQ
UD]yQ GH SURJUHVLyQ JHRPpWULFD L  \ JDPD GH DYDQFHV HQWUH  \  FRQ UD]yQ GH
SURJUHVLyQJHRPpWULFD L =   /D FXFKLOODWLHQHVXVHVTXLQDVSHUIHFWDPHQWHDQJXODGDV U  
/DV FUHFHVDODHQWUDGD\DODVDOLGDVRQGHPP
6H SLGH
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PHFDQL]DGR VHD HO PtQLPR SRVLEOH 1yWHVH TXH HVWH WRUQR QR SRVHH OD SRVLELOLGDG GH
YHORFLGDGGHFRUWHFRQVWDQWH SXQWRV 
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5(62/8&,Ï1

$SOLFDQGRODVUHVWULFFLRQHVGHYHORFLGDGGHFRUWHGHUXJRVLGDG\GHSRWHQFLD
P

P PLQ
5  9& = p ¼ ' ¼ 1 ˆ    1ˆ =  USP 
PLQ p ¼  ¼  - P
DI
5  5 D = ˆ  mP 
 ¼ (FRW DJ N U + FRW DJ N ‡U )

D I ˆ  ¼  ¼  - ¼ (FRW DJ  + FRW DJ  ) =  PP 

5  3& = )& ¼ 9& = S 6 ¼ D 3 ¼ D I ¼ p ¼ ' ¼ 1 

¼  PP ¼ D I (PP)Ü ¼ p ¼  ¼  - P ¼ 1(USP )
Ë 1 Û  PLQ
3&Pi[ = Ì  ˆ  ¼   ¼  : 
Í PP 
Ý  V

PP
D I ¼ 1 ˆ  
PLQ
5HVWULFFLRQHV
œ 1 ˆ  USP 
œ D I ˆ  PP 
PP
œ D I ¼ 1 ˆ  
PLQ



1 USP

DI Â1 PPPLQ


1 USP








      
DI PP D PP

I
3DUDDI PP\1 USPVHREWLHQHODYHORFLGDGGHDYDQFHPi[LPDTXHFXPSOHODV
UHVWULFFLRQHV 9I DIÂ1  PPÂ USP  PPPLQ 3DUD HVWDV FRQGLFLRQHV HO
WLHPSRGHPHFDQL]DGRHVHOPHQRUSRVLEOH

' Ë  Û
D + Pi[ + D Ì + +  Ü PP
= Í Ý
 
WP = =  PLQ 
DI ¼ 1  PP ¼  USP

  D  = : = $ & ¼ 9& = D 3 ¼ D I ¼ 9& 

= : = D 3 ¼ D I ¼ 9& =  PP ¼  PP ¼ (p ¼  PP ¼  USP ) =  ¼   PP FP 


= 

Pi[ Pi[
PLQ PLQ

9RO 
p
(
 ¼  - P ¼  ¼  - P

) P FP 
=: = = =  ¼  - =  
WP  PLQ PLQ PLQ

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% &
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$ $SOLFDQGRHOWHRUHPDGHOVHQR
$% %& $&
= = 
VHQ  VHQ  VHQ 
ž 
$& = D I =  PP 
D PP
+(55$0,(17$ 
I

VHQ 
5 Pi[ = %' = $% ¼ VHQ  = $& ¼ ¼ VHQ 
VHQ  
ž 5 Pi[ =  PP
% 5
&
5 D = Pi[ =  ¼  - PP =  mP 
'
5Pi[ 

* $SOLFDQGRHOWHRUHPDGHOVHQR
*) *( ()
= = 
VHQ  VHQ  VHQ 
ž 
+(55$0,(17$ *( = D I =  PP 
D PP

I

VHQ 
5 Pi[ = +) = *) ¼ VHQ  = '( ¼ ¼ VHQ 
ž VHQ  
)
+ 5 Pi[ =  PP
( 5
5Pi[ 5 D = Pi[ =  ¼  - PP =  mP 
 

1
  D  )& = S 6 ¼ $ & =  ¼  PP ¼  PP =  1 
PP 
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+(55$0,(17$



h 9 p'1
 a
&

 9
I


I

9I D ¼1 D
WDJ h = = I = I ˜ WDJ a 
9& p ¼ ' ¼ 1 p ¼ '

DI  PP
3DUD ' ˆ = =  PP WDORQD
p ¼ WDJ a p ¼ WDJ 

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