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Cathodic Protection The principle of cathodic protection involves the introduction into
the electrical circuit of metal that is more electro-negative than the
existing anodic and cathodic areas.
This additional metal bocomes the anode and will corrode while
providing current to the metal it is protecting, thereby overcoming
the local anodic areas and making them cathodic.
This classic cathodic protection solution to a galvanic corrosion
problem is to introduce an anode in suitable alloy of Magnesium,
Alumunium or Zinc which will suffer corrosion and so be
“sacrificed” in protecting the cathode. This approach is used in
Sacrificial System.
As an alternative solution, the protective current needed to make
the structure fully cathodic may be obtained by applying low
voltage DC derived from normal AC mains supply.
This is achieved by transformer rectifiers which supply DC to
specially designed inert anodes which will dissipate large currents
without themselves suffering significant wastage. This approach is
used in Impressed Current System.
Cathodic Protection System whether of the Sacrificial or Impressed
Current type can be either used as the sole method of corrosion
control, or in many instances, in conjunction with a coating.
Protection event with the best and most expensive coating alone is
seldom adequate. Coating are always vulnerable to damage and can
only be as good as atmospheric and surface conditions permit at
the time of their application.
Cathodic Protection is therefore an essential ingrediant in an
overall corrosion control system for applications on ship as whell
as on off shore structure, jetties, storage tanks and pipelines, both
underground and subsea.
Ship Hull Protection Hulls of ships are prone to corrosion of an aggressive nature in the
form of pitting unless they are cathodically protected.
Protection with the best and most expensive coating alone is not
enough because the coating is vulnerable to mechanical damage at
sea or in port and to imperfections at the time of application.
HAKA have two-main types of sacrificial anodes High Purity Zinc
and Alumunium. The HAKA Impressed Current System,
Hullmatic,is expalined on a data sheet enclosed.
For Hull protection, zinc anodewith their high electrical efficiency,
are of particular value when the aim to restrict current out put and
so achieve a long system life from anodes of small bulk.
Alumunium anodes combine high electrical capability with light
weight and offer a lower cost per ampere hour of available current
and the need of fewer anodes. As an added benefit fewer anodes
mean a reduced frictional resistance on the hullof the ship.
Ship Tank Protection The corrosion patttern in cargo tanks of crude oil carriers is very
different from that on the ship hull but can prove even more
damageing and expensive. The Cargo tanks are alternated with sea
water and this environment the corrosion problem takes the from
of pitting on horizontal surface such as the inner bottom shell
plating , the upper surface of stringer platforms and the face plates
of longitudinal and transverse members. Uniform wastage of
vertical surfaces is inevitable.
Pitting may also occur in lower areas where water may be present
beneath oil cargoes and where residual ballast water is present
intanks which are supposed to be empty.
The wastage of internal surface of permanent ballast tanks is
usually uniform in nature and can be inhibited by the installation of
anodes distributed evenly throughout conditions structure.
Corrosion of these types can be controlled simply and economically
with either Zincalloy or Alalloy anodes or combination of both,
depending on the particular environment conditions of each
installation.
Zincalloy can be invaulable in tank application, particularly in the
upper areas where the installation of alumunium anodes (Alalloy)
is restricted. However it provides the most effective and
economical solution to the corrosion problem.
Product Range The standard range of Alalloy anodes is listed overleaf. However,
HAKA specializes in designing and producing, anodes to meet any
individual requirement and make their own mould to do so.
Thereby they ensure both the optimum solution to each problem
and total control over the quality of the finished anodes.
Chemical Composition :
Haka Alloy III Al Alloy III
Zinc 2,0 – 6,0 % 2,8 – 6,5 %
Indium 0,01 – 0,03 % 0,01 – 0,03 %
Iron 0,12 % max 0,13 % max
Silicon 0,15 % max 0,15 % max
Coopper 0,006 % max 0,006 % max
Other (Each) 0,02 % max 0,02 % max
Alumunium Balance Balance
Electrochemical Properties :
Nominal Potential -1100mV Ag/Agcl Sea Water
Nominal Current Capavity 2700 Ah/Kg
ZINC ALLOY ANODES
Characteristics
Zinc Alloy Anodes are cast from high grade zinc alloy to ensure an
even corrosion pattern, reliable electrical effeciency and long
working life.
Materials
Zinc Alloy anodes are cast to U.S. Military specifications U.S.MIL A-
18001 K and yield 780 amphere hours per kilogram of alloy with a
solution potential of -1100mV as measured against a silver chloride
reference cell.
Product Range
The standard HAKA range of zinc alloy anodes is listed overleaf.
However HAKA has the facility of designing and producing anodes
to meet any individual requirement and make their own moulds to
do so. Thereby, they ensure both the optimum solution to any
particular problem and total control over the quality of the finished
anodes.
Applications
Zinc Alloy anodes are particularly suitable for ballast tanks and hull
of ship, jetties and subsea pipeline applications in bracelet
configuration. Zinc alloy anode is not suitable in high temperature
environment of 50 C and above.
Chemical Composition
U.S.-Mil-A-18001 K
Electrochemical Properties :