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  • Cross-Cultural Assessment of The Five-Fa

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    Timothy James
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    cross cultural assessment

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    Cross-Cultural Assessment of the Five-Fa

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    cross cultural assessment

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    12 Ansichten18 Seiten

    Cross-Cultural Assessment of The Five-Fa

    Hochgeladen von

    Timothy James
    cross cultural assessment

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Als PDF herunterladen oder online auf Scribd lesen
    Markieren Sie unangemessene Inhalte
    von 18
    UM ee CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY 1965). An empl aan of tet ton reap on Payoh ology th.22-28, 29S). Hens aide deren pales de ‘veninre IGP. Bsns om the inary deine fe an Rev #2 of let chology, 4,25. ra), O18 Che iy fb Cats Pye nvenney of Corttling at hice Prycheogy, 42,7515. 2 fas Bs 3G Kia A, (1980, Payal cosive Snance in gra Paes sl Joma of cational velau, J. (1991 The Stan Tengersnet nate Revie cropeat Jour Pesmaliy, 528-308 v pervert ei London: Acsdone Pres 3 FF Gecss-callsier on empeamen teal consid. va basec! onthe hei Temperaneat Srey Personal and 331-342, Nelinazi, J, 2 Hoe W. (850). The Sue Temperament “Theoretical cuss and ele develope Eopean 39-235 “oh, W,_ (1990) Se Temperament mena Gen evil Semaptes.InBuct JN. Sptbege, C.D x) adrnces Yar 8, Dp. 187-2) sil, 0: Levrese bem. Serveture of be Posty Reser Pr: Aco nto onality> 61,214 wre. Fin Me Sia, 5.190). A necator esench RrminZitbwe,Iteatina royce sezon int the Deprines of Peycholoy at the Unies of F yecetved his PD. Es research hurts nade person 2 rrcer, factor sbi ond persone! elecion. te student inpsycelo tte Univer of ese Ori. She ne structure pray rations even pealiy cia diferens nates of sencnpig Be pdtion Frucured non xf mr personaliy meas, Sa ceaeeemnes The five-factor model (FFM) is a epresenlation of the pattems of covattion of personality raisin erm of ive broad factors, The Revised NBO Peroni Inventory, 2 questionnaire measure ofthe FFM, has receoly been uansated into a number of ‘erent languages, pemitng test of ts ros-atual epenbilty. Data from Fipno tnd French trtalations ae presented, showing clear and detailed replication of the ‘American normative factor structure when aged ean sod. Reels fom these ‘nd other eros euttural and behavior genetic sudles suggest hatte FFM is a bialog cally based huran universal. Applications of tai psychology in clinical, education, and orpanizitional stings may prove generalizable across cltoes, and cross eat psychologists can profitably explore the expression of the samme personality traits in ‘ifferet clara cones, CROSS-CULTURAL ASSESSMENT OF THE FIVE-FACTOR MODEL ‘The Revised NEO Personality Inventory ROBERT R. McCRAE AULT. COSTAJR ‘National Insite on Aging, NIE ‘GREGORIO H. ne. PILAR JEAN-PIERRE ROLAND University of Paris XNanterre ‘WAYNE D. PARKER Johns Hopkins University Throughout the European Middle Ages, the unknown comers ofthe world ‘were presumed to be peopled by fabulous monsters (see Figure 1)—this was not a completely ridiculous presumption. After all, strange animals like ccamels and elephants were found in the lands adjacent io Europe, and stranger animals still (ike the duck-billed platypus) would someday be discovered. Monsters were consistent with medieval theology, and in the absence of firsthand experience, why should they be doubted? [AUIHORS' NOTE: We hank Mica! Hon fr ep comments on is manu Crespndence Cane adres o Robt R Mere Pass Ste and CopigSocon Geo) Resch Cet, {OHO Eater Aras, Baier, MD, 21226, oma tee ena 0 JOURNAL OF CROSS-CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY, Vi 29 No.1 Jay 1998 17-8 1 1998 Western Washington Univer Material may be protected by copyright law (Title 17, U.S. Code) 172 JOURNAL OF CROSS-CULTURAL. PSYCHOLOGY Figure 1: Presumed Inkabitaas ofthe Unexplored World NOTE: From Harunana Schede's Liber Chroncarun, Numberg, Geran, in Brown (1999), p86. a Biel cet tsnnrirrsnsr 3. Reproduced ‘Until fairly recently, much the same might have been said about person- ality trait structure. In retrospect, even 20 years ago was a ‘There was no consensus on the structure of personality, even in American college student samples, and only 2 handful of psychologist ‘explore the opie cross-culturally. The orthodoxy of social science in the 20th century has been distinctly environmentalistic, and from that perspective, the well-documented cultural differences of different human groups dictated the presumption of profound effects on personality traits and their structure, Thus, itis probably not surprising that as recently as 1996 a Mental ‘Measurements Yearbook review of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PLR; Costa & MeCrac, 1992) expressed intense skepticism about the value of its translations: ‘The simplistic (a posteriori bass of [its] Five Factor Model, as itis derived from colloquial usage of anguage, makes the model and soos intnsicaly ‘bound to the culture and language that spawned it. Different cultares and different languages should give rise to other models that have litle chance of ‘being five in number nor of having any ofthe factors resemble those derived from the lingustie/social network of middle-class Americans (Juni, 1996, p. 864), ee ‘Those same translations, however, have afforded an opportunity to testthe reviewer's hypothesis by exploring factor structures in & number of widely different languages and cultures. The results are striking. Instead of fabulous factorial monsters, researchers have repeatedly found the familiar five-factor model (FFM). The implications for cross-cultural psychology are profound because these findings suggest that, in some respects, personality is more a matter of universal human nature than of cultural construction ————————— Material may be protected by copyright law (Title 17, U.S. Code) (CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY nits of the Theglred World 's Liber Chocaran, Naber, Germany, 193, Repolsced uuch the same might have been said shout person- yspect, even70 years ago was a virtual Dark Ages. on the structure of personality, even in American nd only ahandful of psychologists had ventured to turally. Theorthodoxy of social science in the 20th + environmeatlistc, and from that pespostve, the differencesof different human groups dictated the effects on personality traits and ther strcture. ‘ot stmprising that as recently as 1996 a Mental “eview of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory rae, 1992) expressed intense skepticism about the ori) basis of [is] Five Factor Model, itis derived language, mss the model and its Wools itisclly J language tat spawned it. Different cules and {give tise to other models that have lite chance of ‘of naving my ofthe factors resemble those derived AI network of middle-class Americans (uri, 1996, 's, however,bave afforded an opportunity to test the exploring fictor structures in a numberof widely eures. The esuts ae striking, Instead of fabulous shers have rpeatedly found the familar five-factor cations for qoss-cuitural psychology are profound ‘ggost that, i some respects, personaly is more @ 4 nature than of cultural construction, Moca etal. /NEO-PLR ACROSS CULTURES 173 PERSONALITY STRUCTURE IN (CROSS-CULTURAL PERSPECTIVE ‘The FFM is an organization of personality waits, and traits in tum are “dimensions of individual differences in tendencies to show consistent pat terns of thoughts, feelings, and actions” (McCrae & Costa, 1990, p. 23). The trait of aleruism concerns helpfulness and generosity to others, modesty is soon in self-effacing attitudes and behaviors, and srust affects expectations and beliofs about others” actions and intentions. Because traits are psycho- logical aspects of the person, they show some degree of consistency across situations (Funder, Kolar, & Blackman, 1995) and considerable stability over time (McCrae && Costa, 1990). Hundreds of personality traits are represented in the natural language adjectives used by laypersons and questionnaire scales developed by psy- chologists. One of the major tasks of trait psychologists has been to find a ‘way to organize traits in a meaningful system. Fortunately, there is consider- able redundancy in rat erms and many traits, even though not semantically synonymous, empirically covary. In America, people who are altruistic also tend to be modest and trusting. The pattern of covariation of traits in a population is called trait seructure and is usually described in terms of factors ‘that represent the common variance among a group of traits. Altruism, modesty, and trust help define a factor generally called Agreeableness. In simple structure models, each trait is related to one and only one factor. ‘An alternative structural model is the circumplex, in which traits are

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