ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY AND WAVES

Aporte # 2

STEP 2 - TO RECOGNIZE THE ELECTRODYNAMIC AND WAVES APPLICATIONS

DANIELA PAOLA ARROYO

CODE: 1045697638

GROUP: 203058_25

PRESENTED TO: DORIA LIZETH QUINTERO

NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OPEN AND DISTANCE - UNAD SCHOOL OF BASIC SCIENCES,

TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING

October 1° , 2018
 INTRODUCCION

For this phase we will work The electromagnetic waves in perfect dielectrics, waves in
conductors and insulators, and open media, by means of practical exercises, and theoretical
questions, in order to deepen more in the subject as well as its easy comprehension or
analysis.

1. Explain the concept of loss tangent by means of an example.

is one that allows us to use the type of insulation to determine the protection of any
element, in some cases the mechanisms to be used are not clear and erroneous data
are given for these functions, or possible solutions to a conflict, is as well as the
tangent delta In an insulation, together with its electrical rigidity will not serve in the
duration of the medium that is intended to use.

To look at the subject more afondo, we relate the tangent, with losses of continuous
tension, lost with alternating voltage, look a little the continuous tension that relates
to our career.

Continuous voltage loss

The continuous tension between two plates which we have a dielectric, we can
measure with the circulation of a small electric current motivated by its composition
in the impurities and imperfections in its mass, we can relate the concept of the law
of Ohm, if the We call as isolation resistance relating the current to the tension.
𝑣𝑐𝑐
Example: 𝑅 𝑎𝑖𝑠𝑙. 𝑖𝑐𝑐

But it does not give us an exact value, and erroneous calculations to determine a
dielectric calculus, to analyze a better result we look at the loss by volume unit, using
the concepts of dielectric conductivity and resistivity applied with the Next formula.

𝑽 𝑽
𝑬( 𝒐 ) 𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒊ó𝒏 𝒂𝒑𝒍𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒅𝒂 𝒗 / 𝒆𝒔𝒑𝒆𝒔𝒐𝒓 𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒐
𝒎 𝒎𝒎

With the previous formula making different calculations we determined that The
losses are not uniform in the mass of the dielectric, if we do not possess insured the
constancy in the internal electrical field.

His physical explanation leads us to conclude that this phenomenon of dielectric, is

that it is formed by bonds of ions attracted to each other by their electrical loads,
which are oriented according to their state is to say to be more stable or with a
minimum of energy to apply a level D E tension, we see an electric field, which
produce several related phenomena in the following way.
 Alteration of the orbits in the electrons of each atom.
 Special force of the ions mentioned, atomic polarization.
 Molecules targeted Al field applied.
 Concentration, in the electrical charges by their interfaces by the separation of the
dielectrics, spatial polarization or interfacial.

2. What kind of information give us the propagation velocity in

electromagnetic waves propagation?
On the nineteenth century, it was known that the velocity in the
propagation of a wave in a material was compromised of two
characteristics Its stiffness and density, its velocity was stronger as it was
harder its texture as well as lowered when its density was greater, this
relationship can be applied for many types of waves.
Based on this statement, we look at James Clerk Maxwell, analysis as the
velocity of the waves in its propagation, and to give an analysis by saying
that the light is constituted by electromagnetic waves, It is regarded in
the same position of the rigidity to the density is real with the
electromagnetic waves with the theory of the ether.

Through this Matematicamnete theories it was shown that the way to test
the factors that analyze the velocity of the waves is the same, indifferent
to the power of the fields.
Now the velocity in the transverse undulations in a hypothetical way,
ether, already experienced by the precursors of these matters Kohlrausch
and Weber, and the Experiments of Fizeau, we analyze that the light are
undulations transversals of the same medium, Made by electrical and
magnetic phenomena.

3. Explain how an electromagnetic wave behaves in free space,

perfect dielectrics and good conductors.
In a free area or Space we can see that the electromagnetic waves are
propagated in a straight line with the transmitter and a receiver are given
direct waves, it is as well as the direct propagation wave happens when a
transmiter this long distance of the receiver as well as the antennas of
the Earth.
Free Space: Es cuThe electromagnetic waves in a free space reduce the
density of the energy, known as attenuation, present in the free space.
Perfect dielectrics the penetration in Dieletrics is perfect and infinite by
the amount of stored energy which has an equal compensation in the
electrical field and the same in the magnetic one.
Good drivers: When there is a good conductor according to its quality and
frequency emitted its penetration decreases, ie its displacement current
is greater the conduction current.

4. Using the electromagnetic spectrum, explain the practical

application of every type of radiation.
Electromagnetic spectra possess UNa total distribution of the
electromagnetic radiation according to its frequency and its peaks,
remember in the above questions where it is explained in different ways
that electromagnetic waves has its speed equal to that of light, giving way
a Large amounts of physical effects such as frequencies, wavelengths,
that type of action generate many intervals known as ultraviolet radiation.
Name some types of radiation like:
Radio: Waves emitted by antenna, microwave: A setting by means of
microwaves will give the final function in its process in the micro. Visible:
What can capture our eyes detect ultraviolet light: emitted by the sun. X-
ray: When taking tests, the human body as ultrasound: echocardiograms,
X-rays.

5. What is the refraction index and what kind of information give us

about the electromagnetic waves behavior?
The refraction is physical sIn dimensions that are set in a certain medium
related to the speed of light, with a smaller refraction is visually scarce,
contrary to this if its refraction is greater is visually denser.
 6. What is a plane wave and a non-plane wave and where are they
used? What is a magnetic and a nonmagnetic medium and where
are they used?
The types of parallels andn an amplitude, are waves are propagated by a
single direction, ie when the water moves through the wind or because it
touches these waves move with the same frequency I amplitude

EJERCICIO 5
For a 1GHz signal, traveling in seawater find the attenuation per length
unit. How long does the signal have to travel, to have an attenuation
greater than 3dB?

R/:To solve the exercise we propose the following equation of the counted
by attenuation.

𝒂 = √𝝅 ∗ 𝒇 ∗ 𝝁 ∗ 𝝈

For sea water We use the following parameters.

𝜎=4

𝜇𝑟 = 1

𝑓 = 1𝐺𝐻𝑧

By replacing the values we obtain

𝑎 = √𝜋 ∗ 𝑓 ∗ 𝜇 ∗ 𝜎 = √3.14 ∗ 1𝐺𝐻𝑧 ∗ 1 ∗ 4 = 𝟑. 𝟓𝟒𝑵𝒑/𝒎

The wave has 3 db, being half in its travels

1
𝑒 𝑎𝑧 =
2
 𝑒 −𝑎𝑧 = 2

1 1
𝑧= ∗ 𝐼𝑛(2) = ∗ 𝐼𝑛(2) = 𝟏. 𝟓𝟏𝒎𝒎
𝑎 3.54

REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRAFICAS

 http://dielsaweb.com.ar/escritos/Tangente%20delta%201%20de%203.pdf
 https://culturacientifica.com/2016/07/26/la-velocidad-las-ondas-
electromagneticas-la-naturaleza-la-luz/
 https://catedra.ing.unlp.edu.ar/electrotecnia/camposyo/PropOndasPlanas.pd
f