Assignment- I

1. (i) If f(x) = tan x, then f(x) vanishes for x = 0 and x = π . Is Rolle’s theorem
applicable to the function in [0, π ] ? Give justification.

(ii) If f ( x) = ( x − α ) p ( x − β )q where p and q are integers >0, show that the point
x = c in Rolle’s theorem divides the segment [α , β ] in the ratio p:q ?

(iii) Discuss the applicability of the Mean Value theorem for the following
functions and find the point x = c wherever possible
(a) f(x) = x2 +3x+2 in [a,b]; (b) f(x) = ⏐x⏐ in [-1,1] & also in [0,1]
1
(c) f ( x) = x cos ; x ≠ 0 f(0) = 0 in [-1,1]
x
π
(iv) Verify that f(x) = cot x is decreasing for 0 < x <
2
x
(v) Use Mean Value theorem to show that < tan −1 x < x iff x>0.
1 + x2

(vi) For what value of the function f(x)= a x – sin x is steadily increasing or
decreasing function of x.

(vii) Find out the interval for which the Rolle’s theorem is valid for the function
f(x) = 2x3 + x2 - 4x + 2.

1
(viii) If f ( x) = and g ( x) = x , then c is the geometric mean between a and b;
x
a < c < b. Prove the result.

1 1
(ix) If f ( x) = and g ( x) = ( 2 ) , then c is the harmonic mean between a and b;
x x
a < c < b. Prove the result.
2. Give an example to show that the conditions of Rolle’s theorem are sufficient but
not necessary.
3. A function f is thrice differentiable on [a,b] and f(a) = 0 = f(b) and
f ′(a) = 0 = f ′(b) . Prove that f ′′′(c) = 0 for some c ∈ (a, b) .
4. If P(x) is a polynomial and k ∈ R , prove that between any two real roots of P(x) = 0
there is a root of P′( x) + kP( x) = 0 .
5. f(x) and g(x) are continuous functions of in [a,b] and they are differentiable in (a,b)
then prove that f (a) g (b) − g (a) f (b) = (b − a)( f (a) g ′(c) − g (a) f ′(c)) where
a < c < b.
6. If f ′′( x) exists on [a,b] and f '(a) = f '(b) prove that
⎛ a+b⎞ 1
⎟ = [ f (a ) + f (b)] + (b − a ) f ′′(c) for some c ∈ (a, b) .
2
f⎜
⎝ 2 ⎠ 2
7. Deduce Lagrange’s Mean Value Theorem from Rolle’s theorem by considering the
derivable function Q(x) = f(x) - f(a) – A(x-a) where A is a constant to be
determined such that Q(b) = 0.
8. A twice differentiable function f(x) is such that f(a) = f(b) = 0 and f (c) > 0 where
a < c < b. Prove that there is at least one value ξ between a and b for which
f ′′(ξ ) < 0.
f (c) − f (a) f (b) − f (c)
9. If f ′′( x) exists for all points in (a, b) and = where
c−a b−c
a < c < b then there is a number ξ such that a < ξ < b and f ′′(ξ ) = 0.
10. If f ′( x) , g ′( x) are continuous in [a, b] and differentiable in (a,b) then show that
f (b) − f (a) − (b − a) f ′(a) f ′′(c)
there exists c, a < c < b s.t. = .
g (b) − g (a) − (b − a) g ′(a) g ′′(c)
11. Any of the three conditions of Rolle’s theorem is not necessary for f ′( x) to vanish
at some points in (a, b) . Illustrate by an example.
12. The function f(x), g(x), and their derivatives f ′( x) , g ′( x) are continuous throughout
a certain interval and , f ( x) g ′( x) − g ( x) f ′( x) never vanishes at any point of this
interval. Show that between any two roots of f(x) = 0, there lies one of the root of
g(x) = 0 and conversely.
13. If φ ( x) and ψ ( x) are continuous for a ≤ x ≤ b differentiable for a < x < b, and
φ (ξ ) − φ (a) φ ′(ξ )
ψ ′( x) never vanishes , then for some ξ in (a, b) =
Ψ (b) − Ψ (ξ ) Ψ ′(ξ )
⎛ x + x ⎞ f ( x1 ) + f ( x2 )
14. If f ′′( x) > 0 for all values of x, prove that f ⎜ 1 2 ⎟ < where.
⎝ 2 ⎠ 2
⎛ x⎞
15. Let g ( x) = 2 f ⎜ ⎟ + f (2 − x) and f ′′( x) < 0∀x ∈ (0, 2). Find the intervals of
⎝2⎠
increase and decrease of g(x).
16. Determine the intervals in which the function f(x) = (x 4 +6x 3 +17x 2 +32x+32)e-x is
increasing or decreasing.
17. Show that
(i) x/sin x increases in the interval ]0, π / 2[.
(ii) x/tan x decreases in the interval ]0, π / 2[.
 Assignment – II

1.Determine the following limits:-

e x − e− x − x
(i). , ( x → 0)
x 2 sin x
(ii). (2 x tan x − π sec x), ( x → π 2)
(iii). (cos ax b x ), ( x → 0)
2

(iv). (sin x ) tan x , ( x → π 2)

2

(v). (1 − x 2 )1 log(1− x ) , ( x → 1)
asin x − a
(vi). , ( x → π 2)
log sin x
(vii). (sec x)cot x , ( x → π 2)
1 − 4sin 2 (π x 6)
(viii). , ( x → 1)
1 − x2
(1 + x)1 x − e
(ix). , ( x → 0)
x
log 1 cos x
sec( x )
(x). 2
, ( x → 0)
1
log sec x cos x
2
2.Obtain
tan x
⎛1⎞
(i) lim ⎜ ⎟
⎝ ⎠
x →0 x

x 2 sin(1 x)
(ii) lim
x →0 tan x