INTRODUCTION

A Phrasal Verb is a verb formed from two (sometimes three) parts; a verb and an adverb or
preposition. Most are formed from a small number of common verbs (such as get, go, come, put
and set) and a small number of adverbs and prepositions (such as away, out, off, up and in).

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Phrasal verbs sometimes have meanings that can easily be guessed (such as sit down or look for).
But in most cases their meanings are quite different from the meaning of the verb they are formed
from: for example, hold up can mean 'to cause a delay' or 'to try to rob someone' and has no obvious
connection with the idea of 'holding' something.

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When to use phrasal verbs.

The appropriate use of these expressions is in the informal sphere, as they are less appropriate for
use in a serious conversation, in scientific/university newsrooms. The phrasal verbs are one of the
most important informal idiomatic expressions to learn, as they are very common in everyday life.

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 Structure of phrasal verbs.

 In the first structure, the verb is followed by a particle, and there is no object. For
example:

break out get by look in

stop off catch on give in

ring off wait up check up

go away start out watch out

come in grow up stay up

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Example: War broke out in September.

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Example: When I grow up, I will be president.

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 In the second structure, the verb is followed by a particle and an object. For example.

fall for grow on part with

set about feel for look after

pick on take after

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Example: He looked after her invalid daughter.

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 In the third structure, the verb is followed by an object and a particle. For example.

answer back call back count in

order about ask in catch out

invite out tell apart

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Example: I answered him back and took my chances

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 Some phrasal verbs can be used in both the second structure and the third structure: verb
followed by a particle and an object, or verb followed by an object and a particle.

add on hand over put away

take up bring up knock over

put up tear up call up

WARNING: If the object is a pronoun, it must go in front of the particle. You cannot say ‘He
cleaned up it’.

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Example: It took ages to clean up the mess.

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 In the fourth structure, the verb is followed by a particle and a preposition with an object.
For example.

break out of keep on at put up with catch up with look forward to

run away with make off with stick up for get on with miss out on
talk down to go down with

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Example: Children have to learn to stick up for themselves.

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 A very few verbs are used in the structure: verb followed by an object, a particle, and a
preposition with an object. For example.

do out of put up to talk out of

put down to take out on

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Example: Steve tried to talk her out of it.

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