12

Allowable Pipe Span Formulas and Tables

Pipe-Span Stress Limits M 5 WL2

Sa=-=
z 4Z
In order to have a workable set of pipe-span tables or to
find an allowable span that will require a minimum of
manual calculations, the limit for dead load stresses is set
at Sh/2. This eliminates the need for checking the sum of or
the longitudinal pressure stresses plus dead load stress.
(Sh = allowable stress at maximum temperature, ASA L ~ ~0.8 Z f,
Code B31.1 and B31.3.) "" w
The formula used to determine the maximum spans in
the tables (Tables 12-1 through 12-9) is a mean between a
uniformly loaded beam simply supported at both ends and
a uniformly loaded beam with both ends fixed. This mean
formula most nearly depicts the conditions actually exist-
ing in a refinery. (See Figure 12-1.)
Pipe-Span Deflection Limits
By inspection, if the two moment diagrams in Figure
12-1 are superimposed, the point of the maximum bend- Maximum allowable pipe deflection between supports
ing moment will still be at mid-span. must not exceed 1 in. or 1/2 the nominal pipe diameter.
whichever is the smaller. This is the basic piping practice:

(wu + -wu) however, it is subject to compliance with the customer's

Mean = M = 112 - - specification.
8 24
The formula used to determine the deflections in Tables
A safety factor of 1.25 is required because of the dis- 12-1 through 12-9 is a mean between a uniformly loaded
crepancy between theoretical assumption and the actual beam simply supported at both ends and a uniformly
field situation. loaded beam with both ends fixed. (See Figure 12-2.)
In order to maintain homogeneous units, " Lh must be in
in. and "W" must be in lbs/ in ., however, for ease of han-
wv 5
M=--X-
5WU
dling we wish to have " L" in ft and "W" in lb/ft, which
12 4 48 we must now convert to inch units. The preceding equa-
tion becomes:
In order to maintain homogeneous units, "L" must be in
lb/in.; however, for ease of handling we wish to have " L"
in feet and "W" in lb/ft, which we must now convert to WL4 13.5WL4
6 = -- =
inch units. Thus the preceding equation becomes: 128EI EI

M = --
swv =
5WU
6 =
13.5WU
48 4 EI
(Text continued on page 320

314
 Allowable Pipe Span Formulas and Tables 315

Simply Supported Fixed Ends

IIIII ~
a~:=:~~~-L.~-
Load
___. :___. . .,___~ - .~
-.
>
..LL.---~~--,.­
.,.-
>
_j_ !---~..,.....--- . . - -
> Shear
L _j_
2
,I
Moment

Simply Supported Fixed Ends

V = WL V = WL
2 2

WL2 WL2
Mmax = S 24

Figure 12-1 . Diagram showing how stress limits are determined by figuring the
mean between a uniformly loaded beam supported at both ends and a uniformly
loaded beam with both ends fixed .

Simply Supported Fixed Ends

~ 1 = 5WL
4
.:12 = WL4
384EI 384EI

Mean: = ~1 + ~2 =
3WL4
2 384EI

Figure 12-2. Diagram showing how deflection limits are determined by figuring
the mean between a uniformly loaded beam supported at both ends and a uni-
formly loaded beam with both ends fixed .
316 Piping Stress Handbook

Table 12-1
Piping Spans Based on the Following Carbon Steel Materials: Seamless A53 Gr. A, A106 Gr. A, API
SL Gr. A; Welded A53 Gr. B, API SL Gr. B, A1 55 C55 Class 2

;;, 200" F with Water, No Insulation 201"F-600"F with Commodity • Weight of Water, Minimum Insulation
(f, = 7,650 psi) (f, = 6,175 psi)

Pipe Maximum Recommended Maximum Recommended

Size SCH. Span Defl . Span Defl. Span Defl. Span Defl.

3/4" 80 17 ' - 6" 1-13 16"* 12' -0" 3/8" 14' -0" 7/8" * 11 ' -0" 3/8"
I
1-1 /2 "
80
80
20 -0"
24 ' -0"
1- 131 '16"*
1-13, '16"*
14 -6"
19' -0"
1/ 2'
l/4"
15 -b'
19 -6"
7/8" *
1" .. 13 -6 '
18 -0'
1/2 "
3/4'
2" 40 26' -0' 1-3, I" * 23 -0" I" 21 - 0" 7/8' 20 -0" 3/ 4'
2' 8U 2~ -6" 1-~ * 23'-0 E- __£] - / 8'
3" 40 31 -6. -3 4" * 27 -6' 1 26'-6 1" 25 ' -6" 1/ 8"
4" 40 34 -6" 1-4 '16" .. 31 -0" 1" 29 -6" 1" 27 -6' 3/ 4"
6" 40 4U - 6" 1-l rz· * 3/ -0" J5 - 0" / I!' 33 -0" 3/ 4"
B' 40 4~ - 0" 1- '16" ... 41 -6" 1" 39 ' - 6" '8" 39 -o· 7/B"
10"
10"
20 45 -0" -- ( IJ'
8" * 44 ' -0"
4l>' -:-0'
l" 39 ' -C 8' 36 ' -6"
40 -b'
9/16"
_40 49 -6 * j_ ~.· - jf~ /16'
12" 20 47 - 0" - 3 '16" * 45 ' -6" 1" 40 -c 5 '8" 56 -6 " 1/16'
12" STD . !lZ -0" - 1/4" * 44 ' -0" 1" 45 -6 1 / 16" 43 -0" 11/16"
i4' JO 47 -6" 46 -b" 1{8 4!. -b' ';)f.l!" 37 - 6" 7/ 16"
14"
.!.§'
STD.
10
53 -6'
48 -6'
-1/4" *
/8" .. 51 -0"
46 ' -6"
1" ..
3/4"
4b'-6"
42 -6"
3/4"
1/2"
44' -0"
38 ' -0"
~/ 8"
3/ 8"
! tl" SJ!J. 5~' - 0 -1/B" * 53 ':'tl' J 48 -0' 3 ' 4' 45 -0" 9/16'
18 10 49 - 6" 13/16" 47 -6" 11 /1 6" 43 - 6" 1 ( 2" 39 -6' 3/ 8"
18" STD. 5b - b' - 1/16" .. 55 - 6" 1" 49 -6" 5/ 8" 4~--6 " 1!2''
20" 10 50 -6" 3 4. 47' -6 ' ~8 ..'!_4 ' - 0' l ' 2' 41'-D" 3/ 8"

!I
• Exceeds maximu m deflec tion.
Courtesy of Power Piping Company.

Table 12-2
Piping Spans Based on the Following Stainless Steel Pipe Materials: Seamless A3 12 TP316, A312
TP317, A430 FP316H , A376 TP317

;;, 200"F wit h Water, No Insulation 201 " F-600° F with Commodity Weight o f Water, Minimum Insulation
=
(f, 9,375 psl) (f, = 8.550 PSI)

Pipe Maximum Recommended Maximum Recommended

Size SCH. Span Defl. Span Defl. Span De fl. Span Defl .

.. ..
1" .. .
7/ 8"

*
•..

• Exceeds maximum deflection .

Courtesy of Power Piping Company.
 Allowable Pipe Span Formulas and Tables 317

Table 12-3
Piping Spans Based on the Following Stainless Steel Pipe Materials: Seamless A213 TP304L, A312
TP304L, A376 TP304, A430 FP304H

" 200" F with Water, No Insulation 201"F-600°F with Commodity Weight of Water, Minimum Insulation
(f, = 7,650 psi) (f, = 5,800 p si)
Pipe Maximum Recommended Maximum Recommended
Size SCH. Span Defl. Span Defl. Span Defl. Span Defl.
----------~----------------~--------------------~--------------------~------------
2-1!16" 12'-0" 3/8" 12'-6" 3/4" * 10' - 6"
2-1 /16' 1 14 1 -0" l/2 11 15'-0"11 7/8 11 * 13' -0"
14' -0 11
3/4" l8 ' -6 7/B" * 17 1 -6"
22 ' -6" 1" 20' -0" 13/16" 14' - 0"
15/16" 20' - 0"
11 /16" 21 I -6"

10"
12''
12"
14 11

• Excee ds maximum deflection.

Courtesy of Power Piping Company.

Table 12-4
Piping Spans Based on the Following Stainless Steel Pipe Materials: Seamless A213 TP304L, A312
TP304L

~ 200"F with Water, No Insulation 201"F-600°F w ith Commodity Weight of Water, Minimum Insulation
(f, = 7,650 p si) (f, = 4,500 psi)

Pipe Maximum Recommended Maximum Recommended

Size SCH. Span Defl. Span Defl. Span Defl. Span Defl.

• Exceeds maximum deflection.

Courtesy of Power Piping Company.
318 Piping Stress Handbook

Table 12-5
Piping Spans Based on the Following Nickel Pipe Material: Seamless B161 Annealed

i!:200"F with Water, No Insulation 201"F-450 "F with Co mmodity • Weight of Water, Minimum Insulation
(1, =
4 ,000 psi) (f, • 1,000 psi)
Pipe Maximum Recommended Maximum Recommended
Size SCH. Span Defl. Span Deft. Span Dell. Span De fl.

3/4" 80 12 '-0" 1/2" 10'0" 3 8" 10'-0" 3/8" 9' - 6" 3/8"
1" 80 13 -6" 1/2" 12 -6" 1.'2" 12 -0" 3/8' 11 - 6. 3/8"
1-1 /2" 80 6 -0" 1/2" 15 -6" 1.12" 15 - 0" 7/16 _14 - 0" If 6"
z 40 17 -b' 1/Z' lb' -b' ljZ_ _16 ~o· lf8' 1:, -o·
2 80 18 -0" /2" 16 -6" 112" 17 -0" 7!16" 16 -0" 6"
3" 40 21 -6" '2" ~~· -b' '2" 20' -o· lb' ·~ -6' 16"
4" '10 2~ -IJ' I(>" _2_2 -0 lb' 2J' -0 I~ 22 :U" 6'
b'' 40 28' -0" 16' 2b' ~o· ' I(>' 21 -0" 3/ B' 26 -o• 8"
8" 40 3 -6" /8" 29' -6" 8" 37'-0" 3/8" 28 -0' 3 8'
10" 20 3 -6" 5 '16" 29' - 6" 5/16" 38'-0" 5/16" 28 -0' 5/16"
10" 40 34 -b' r'_l!'' _3~ -b' ~{8' 33 -o· 3/B' 3 1 - o" 3 8'
12'
12"
20
STD
32 -b'
31 -,
..
lb"
/8"
3 1 ~o·
34 - 6"
!l/lb'
3, 8"
31 -!)'
35 ' -0"
_I 14'
318 "
29 - 0"
33 ' - 0'
I ' 4"
3 8"
14" 10 j, - 3/8" 31 -6" 5/16" 32 -0" 14" 30 -0" 1 14 '
_li''
1b'
__:,_1_0
10
_3
3•
--}"
~·
4
~:,· - 6
32 -6'
_318
1/4"
!b' -0'
33' -o·
' 16
14"
34 -()'
31 -0"
' 16'
1 14"
16" STD 33'-6" 16" 36'-6" 5 '16" 17 -6' '16 " 35 - 6" 5 '16"
18" 10 !::>' - o· 4" 33' - 0" 1 14" 34' -0" 1.14" J2 -0" 1 14 ..
_II!" :SID _39' -6" 'I(>" _38 -0 ' If) ;sa -6' :l/ 1b' 37 -ll' ' If>'
20' 10 35' -b" /4" 34' ~o · 114' 34' ~6' 114' 33 -o· lf4'
20" 20 40'-6" 5/16" 39' - 0 5/16' 39 ' -6" 114" 38 - 0" 1 14 ..
24" 10 36'-6" 3.'16" 35' -0" 3/16" 35 -6" 3 '16" 34 - 0" 3 16"
£4'
30"
2L
55
_42_ -_u·
37 -6"
/4'
3/16"
40' -0
Jb ' - 0.
'4'
3/ l b'
4•
37 -0"
- 14'
16"
39 ' - o·
35' -o·
14''
1b"
Courtesy of Power Piping Company.

Table 12-6
Piping Spans Based on the Following Aluminum Pipe Material: Seamless B241 Gr. 3003 H112

<: 200"F with Water, No Insulation 201 "F-400"F with Commodity = Weight of Water, Minimum Insulation
(f, .. 4,000 psi) (f, = 1,750 psi)

Pipe Maximum Recommended Maximum Recommended

Size SCH. Span Dell. Span Dell. Span Dell. Span Dell.

3/ 4" 80 12'-0" 7 16" 11 ' - 0" 3 8" 6' -6" 1/8" 6'-6" 1 8"
1 80 13 -0" 16" 13' -0" 7.'16" 8 -0" I 8" 7 -6" I 18 "
1-1 /2" !0 15' -6" /8" 15' -0" 3/8" 10 - 0" 118" 9 ' -6" 1 18"
2 15'~' 5 ' I(>' 15' -o· :,/If>" 10 ' -b" I 8 10' -u· 8"
~ I{)_ 17 -0" 18" 16' -6' 3/8" 11 -6" 1 18" 1 -0" 1 18'
3" 0 18 -6" ~ '16" 18' -6" 5 '16" 13 -0" Ill' 3 -0" 1 8'
4" 40 2u· - u· lb' zu·- lb' 14 -b' Ill' 14' -u· Ill'
6'' 40 23 -o· ' 4" 22 -0" 114" II' -0' I 8 16 -0 r'_l!''
8" 40 25' -0" 14" 24' -0" 1 14" 18 -6" 16" 17 -6" '16'
IU' 20 23'~ lb' zz_ -6 '!_b_' J7 -b' 6 1b' -b' '16"
10 40 27 -0" 14" 25' -0" 1/4" 20 ' - 6" 16" 19 -6' 1 16"
12" 20 24 · -o· 1 'll' 23' -0" 1 13" 18' -0" 16" 17 -0" '16"
12" STO 28 -0' 3 16 25 -U" 18 21 -u· ' lb" 2ll - 16"
1_4' IU 24' -0" 1 18" 23' - 0" liB" 18'-0" '16" 17 -0" I ' l b'
14" STO 8 -6" 6" z - 8 -6" 0 -6" '16'
16" IU ~~~ ' - 2 - Ill' -b' -b' lb'
b'
I_!!'
TD
()
8 -(>'
~4 ' -6"
.~ 2!l
23 -
- '16"
18" -6"
~0"
5"
~I -0
I B ' -0"
II_(>'
I ' lb'
8" TO 29 -0" 18" ~5 - 0" 22'-0" 6" 21 -6" '16"
20" 10 Z:> -b' Ill' ~~~ · - ~~· -u· b' Ill - '16"
20" l 29 -(>' 8 ~5 :_1)_" _2_2_' ~· ,fl" ~· - lb'
24" 10 25' -0" ' 16" ~4 -0" 6" 19' -0' 6' 18 - (}''_ ')_(>'
24" 20 _29 -6" 118" 25 -0" /8" 23'-0" '16" 22' -0' 16"
30 II 5S 25 I -0II • I
24 -0 • II
19 I -6 II 1/16 II 18 I -6 II II

Courtesy of Power Piping Company.

 Allowable Pipe Span Formulas and Tables 319

Table 12-7
Piping Spans Based on the Following Aluminum Pipe Material: Seamless 8241 Gr. 6061 T6

;;. 200"F with Water, No Insulation 201 ' F-400"F with Commodity :a Weight of Water, Minimum Insulation
(f, = 3,000 p si) (f, = 2,000 p si)

Pipe Maximum Recommended Maximum Recommended

Size SCH. Span Defl. Span Defl. Span Defl. Span Defl.

3/4" 9'-6" 3 8"

11' -6" 1/ ..
14' -0 11 1!2"
14' -0" 7/ l6"
3" 18' -6" l/2"
20' -6" 1/2"
24'-0" 7/16"
8" 3/8"
1011 1/4"
10" 3/8' 1
~~::

• Exceeds maximum deflection.

Courtesy of Power Piping Company.

Table 12·8
Piping Spans Based on the Following Aluminum Pipe Materials: Seamless 8210, 8234, and 8235
Gr. 6061 T4, 8241 Gr. 3003 H18

« 200" F with Water, No Insulation 201"F-600"F with Commodity = Weight of Water, Minimum Insu lation
(f, = 4,500 psi) (f, 2 950 psi)
Pipe Maximum Recommended Maximum Recommended
Size SCH. Span Defl. Span Defl. Span Defl. Span Defl.

3/4" 80 17'-0" 1-3/4" * 3/8" 9'-0" 5/16" s·-6" 5/ 16"

1" 80 19'-0" 1-3/4" * 1/2" 11'-0 11 3/8" 10' -6" 3/8"
n:=z:: ~~a:: g:=~:: 7!16"
~~ n::~::
J-1/2" 5/16"
2:: 15 ' -6 11 7/16" 14'-6" 7/16"
3" 40 1
26 -6" l-1/4" * 18' -0" 3/S" 17 ' -0" 3/ 8"
4" 40 28'-6" 1-3/16"* 20'-0" 3;8" 19' -0 11 3;8"
40 32 1 -6" 1" 23'-6 11 5/16'' 22'-0" 5!16"
40 35'-6" 15/16" 25' -0 11 5/16" 23'-6" 5/16"
2o
40
20
33:-0"
38 -6"
33 1 -6"11 9/1611 11
~~: =~::
24'-6"
m~
3/16"
. ~2:-f
6-
23'-011
II
~/4 "
/16"
3/16"
STD 39 ' -6 3/4 28'-6" 174" 27'-0 11 1/ 4"

nolO 34'-6" 1/2 " 24'-6" 3/16 11 25'-0" 1/2"

~~: =~:: ~k~:: m~~~ g:=z:: 1/4 11
3/16"
-6 / 4"
1/ 8"

20 11 41'-6"
- 1/2 11
-
40'-0" 3/B"- 30'-6" 3 16" 28'-0" 3/1 6"
20
1::4'' 35'-0" ~/lb' 33 '-6" 3/16" 26 -0" l 8" 24 -0" 1/B"
24" 20 _11_<:: -0" 7/l!)' 'I_D -0" 3/8 31 -0 3 16" 28 ' -0" 3/16"
30" ~s 3~' - b' 1/4" 33 ' -Q' 1/8 26 -b' I (8" l4 -b' _1/8'
' Exceeds maximum deflection.
Courtesy of Power Piping Company.
320 Piping Stress Handbook

Table 12-9
Piping Spans Based on the Following Red Brass Pipe Material: Seamless 8 43

~ 200" Fwith Water, No Insulation 201"F-600"F with Commodity = Weight of Water, Minimum Insulation
(f, = 1,500 psi) (f, =
4,000 psi)

Pipe Maximum Recommended Maximum Recommended

Size SCH. Span Defl. Span Defl. Span Defl. Span Defl.

2
--0.
71 I
-
1 -0 I
-
1 - 611 6
-
- . 6"
1 2" ST!Y 36 -6" 1/2" 34 - 6" 112" 17 - 6 J Jb' _!_!)_~ 16"
l ~' 33 -6' 3/8" 31 - 6" 3, 8" 16 - 0' 1 '16" 1~ -0' 1/16"
14" STO 37 -6" 1/2 :t~ -~· ICl 1!1 - ib' 17 -0" 1 '16"
16" 10 34 -6' 3/8' 32 - 6" 3 8" 1b -6' '!6 ~ -6" -, T6"
T6" s 38 -b' 7/16" 32 -6" 7 ' 16" 18 - 6" ' 16" 1!1 -U" '16'
18' 10 35 ' -0" 5/16 33 - ~'Jil'' 17' -0" '16' 16 -0" '16"
18 STD 39 -6' 7/16" 38 - 0" 7,' 16 I~ -0 '!ll _1_!1 -b' Hi,_
£0" lU 3~ - 6 5/16" 36 -0 5,' 16" 17 -0" ' 16" J b -6' Hl6'
20 20 40 6" 3/8' 39 :__U' 3 8" 1!1'_ :Q_" 1 16 ' 19 -0" ~
24 II 10 36 I -6 II 1/4 II 35 I -0II 1/4 II 17 I -6 II II
17 I -0II 1/16 II
24 11
20 1
42 1 -0"11 3/8 11 40 I -011 3/8 11
20 1 -6" l/16" 20 1 -0" 1/16"
30" 5$ 37 -6 1/411 36 1 -011 1/4 11 18 1 -6" 1/16" 17 1 -6 11 1/ 16"
Courtesy of Power Piping Company.

where Ss = Longitudinal bending stress, psi Piping Wind Loads

= Maximum deflection, in.
w = Weight of pipe, including commodity and
insulation if any, lb/ft Wind Loads
L = Length of span, ft
E = Hot modulus of elasticity of pipe, psi Tables 12-10 through 12-12 can be used to calculate
I = Moment of inertia of pipe, in.4 wind loads.
z = Section modulus of pipe, in. 3 The wind pressure (P) in lb/ft2 on a flat surface normal
fs = Unit stress = Sh/2, psi . Sh per ASA Code to the direction the wind for any given velocity (V) in
B31.3 miles/hr is given quite accurately by the formula

To solve for an allowable pipe span with a known de- P = 0.004V2

flection, use the following formula:
Table 12-11 gives the pressure per square foot on a flat
surface normal to the direction of the wind for different

L=~
velocities as calculated by the preceding formula.
The design wind pressure at the location of a given
pipeline should be applied to the projected area of the out-
 Allowable Pipe Span Formulas and Tables 321

side of the pipe (or insulation) to determine a uniformly The design wind pressure depends on the location of the
distributed load as follows: vessel or stack. The U .S.A. Standard Building Code Re-
quirements for Minimum Design Loads, in Buildings and
W = (P) (Cs) (D) Other Structures, A58.1-1972, and the Uniform Building
144 Code include a table showing wind pressure at various
heights, and a map where these values apply.
where P = Design wind pressure, lb/ft2
c. Shape factor (See Table 12-12) More tables have been developed according to wind ve-
D = Outside diameter of pipe (or insulation), locity in miles/hr, wind pressure lb/ft2 , with reference to a
in. pipe outside diameter. These tables are very useful for
W Wind load (lb/in) pounds per linear foot of computer data input to model uniform wind load on pip-
pipe ing.

Table 12-10 Table 12-12

Official Designations of Winds Shape Factors
Designation Miles per Hour Shape
Calm Less than 1 Surface General Use Factor
Light wind l to 7 Cylinder Towers, stacks, drums, tanks, 0.6
Gentle wind 8 to 12 exchangers, piping, etc.
Moderate wind 13 to 18 Octagon Piers for towers and drums 0.80
Fresh wind 19 to 24 Sphere Tanks 0.60
Strong wind 25 to 38 Flat Open signs 1.60
Gale 39 to 54 Solid signs 1.40
Whole gale 55 to 75 Closed buildings, framing, and 1.30
Hurricane Above 75 com. parts
* Beaufort Wind Scale, U.S. Weather Bureau. Prism Frames, open-type structure 1.60 Open plan
0.80 Sec. plan
0.00 Other
plan

Table 12-11
Pressure per Sq Ft on a Flat Surface Normal to the
Direction of the Wind
Velocity Pressure Corresponding
(miles/hr! (lb/ft2) To
10 0 .4 Gentle wind
20 1.6 Fresh wind
30 3.6 Strong wind
40 6.4 Gale
50 10.0 Gale
60 14.4 Whole gale
80 25.6 Hurricane
100 40.0 Violent hurricanes
322 Piping Stress Handbook

Table 12-13
Wind Load (lb/in.)

Pressi 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
lb/ft 55

Wind
Velocity 61 71 80 86 93 100 106 112
Hiles/ RR 117

2.375 .14 .19 . 24 .29 .H .39 .4 4 . 49 . 54

3.50 .21 . 29 .36 • 43 .Sl .58 .65 • 72 .eo
4.00 .25 .33 .41 .so .58 .66 .74 .83 .91
4.500 . 37 • 46 • 56 .65 • 75 • 84 . 93 1.03
5.563 .46 . 57 . 69 .81 .92 1.04 1.15 1 . 27
6 . 625 .41 .55 . 68 .82 • 96 1.10 1.23 1.38 1.51
8.625 . 53 .71 . 89 1.07 1.25 1.44 1.61 1. 79 1.97
10.750 .67 . 89 1.11 1.34 1. 56 l . 79 2.01 2.39 1.46
12.7 50 • 7 9 1.06 1.32 1.59 1.85 2 . 12 1.38 2.65 2. 92
14 .87 1.16 1.45 l. 75 2. 04 2 . 33 2.61 2. 91 3.20
16 1.00 1.33 1.66 2.00 2.33 2.67 2 . 99 3 . 33 3.66
18 1.12 1.49 1.87 2 . 25 2.62 3 .00 3.36 3.74 4.12
20 1.25 1.66 2.08 2.50 2 . 91 3. 34 3. 74 4 . 16 4.58
22 1.37 1. 83 2.28 2.75 3 . 20 3.67 4.11 4 . 58 5 . 04
24 1.50 1.99 2.49 3.00 3 . 45 4 . 00 4.48 4 .99 5.45
26 1.62 2.16 2.70 3.25 3.79 4.34 4.86 5.45 5.95
28 1. 75 2.33 2.91 3.50 4.08 4 .67 5.23 5. 83 6.41
30 1.87 2.49 3.12 3. 75 4 .37 5.01 5.61 6.25 6 . 87
32 2.00 2.66 3.32 4.00 4. 66 5.34 5.98 6.66 7.33
34 2. 12 2.83 3 . 53 4.25 4.95 5 . 67 6.35 7.08 7.78
36 2.25 2.99 3.74 4.50 5 . 24 6.01 6 . 73 7 . 49 8.24
38 2.37 3.16 3.95 4. 75 5.54 6.34 7.10 7 .91 8 . 70
40 2.50 3.33 4.16 5.00 5.83 6.68 7. 48 8. 33 9 .16
42 2.62 3.49 4. 36 5 . 25 6.12 7.01 7.85 8.74 9.62
44 2 . 75 3.66 4 .57 5.5 0 6.41 7.34 8.22 9.16 10.08
46 2.87 3.83 4.78 5.75 6.70 7,68 8 . 60 9.58 10 . 53
48 3.00 3 .99 4.99 6.00 6.99 8 . 01 8.97 9.99 10.99
50 3 .12 4.16 5.20 6.25 7.29 8 . 35 9 . 35 10 . 41 11 . 45
52 3.25 4.33 5.40 6.50 7.58 8.68 9.72 10 . 83 11 . 91
54 3 . 37 4.49 5.61 6 . 75 7.87 9.01 10 . 09 11.24 12.37
56 3.50 4 . 66 5.82 7.00 8 . 16 9 . 35 10.47 11 . 66 12 . 82
58 3 . 62 4.83 6 . 03 7 .25 8 . 45 9.68 10 . 84 12. 08 1 3.28
60 3.75 4.99 6.24 7.50 8 . 74 10.02 11 . 22 12.49 13.74
62 3 . 87 5.16 6.44 7.75 9.03 10 .3 5 11.59 12. 91 14.20
64 4 . 00 5.33 6.65 .008 9.33 10.68 11.96 13.33 14.66
66 4.12 5.49 6 . 86 8.25 9 . 62 11.02 12 .34 13.74 ' 15 .12
 Allowable Pipe Span Formulas and Tables 323

Table 12-13
Uniform Wind Loads (lb/in.)

60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100
r~n~~
Wind
Velocity 122 127 132 137 141 146 150 154 158
Miles/ HR

2.375 . 59 .64 .69 .7 4 • 79 .84 .89 . 94 . 98

3. 50 • 87 .94 1.02 1.09 1.16 1.23 1.31 1.38 1.45
4 . 00 1.00 1.08 1.16 1.25 1.33 1.41 1.50 1.58 1.66
4.500 1.12 1.21 1.31 1.40 1.49 1.59 1.68 1. 78 1.87
6.525 1.65 1. 79 1.93 2 .07 2.20 2.34 2.48 2.62 2. 76
a: 8.625 2.15 2 . 33 2.51 2.69 2.87 3.05 3.32 3.41 3.59
~
"'....X 10.750 2.68 2.91 3.13 3.35 3.58 3 . so 4.03 4.25 4.47
"'
Q
12 .70 3.18 3.45 3 .71 3.99 4.24 4.51 4.78 5 . 02 5.31
"'
Q
14 3.50 3. 79 4.08 4.37 .4 .66 4 . 95 5.25 5.54 5.83
~
0
16 4. 00 4.33 4.66 5.00 5.33 5 .66 6.00 ~.33 6.66

."'"'
"'
18
20
4. 50
5.00
4.87
5.41
5.25
5.83
5 .6 2
6.25
5 . 99
6 .66
6.37
7.08
6.75
7.50
7.12
7.91
7.50
8.33
22 5.50 5.95 6.41 6.87 7.33 1. 79 8.25 8. 70 9.16
24 6 . 00 6.49 7.00 7 . 50 7.99 8.49 9.00 9 . 49 10.00
26 6.50 7 . 048 7.54 8 . 12 8.66 9 . 20 9.75 10.29 10 . 83
28 7.00 7.58 8.16 8.75 9 .33 9.91 10.50 11 . 08 11.66
30 7.50 8.12 8. 75 9.37 9.99 10.62 11.25 11.87 12. 50
32 8 .oo 8.66 9.33 10 .00 10.66 11.33 12.00 12.66 13.33
34 8.50 9.20 9.91 10.62 11.33 12.03 12.75 13.45 14.16
36 9.00 9 . 74 10.50 11.25 11 . 99 12 .74 13 .5 14.24 15 . 00
39 9.50 10.29 11.08 11.87 12.66 13.45 14.25 15.04 15.83
40 10 .0 10.83 11.66 12.50 1 3.3 14.1 14 .oo 15.83 16 . 66
42 10.5 11.37 12.25 13 . 1 2 13.99 14 .87 15.75 16.62 17 .so
44 11.0 11.91 12.83 1 3.75 14.66 15.58 16.5 17.41 18.33
46 u .s 12.45 13.41 14.37 15.33 15.28 17.25 18.20 19.16
45 12 . 0 12 . 994 14.00 15 . 00 15.99 16.99 18 . 00 18.99 20.00
50 12 . 5 13.54 14.58 15.62 16 . 66 17.70 18.75 19.79 20.83
52 13.0 14.08 15 .16 16 .2 5 17.33 18.41 19.50 20.58 21 .66
54 13 .5 14 . 62 15.75 16.87 17.99 19.12 20.25 21.37 22.50
56 14 . 0 15.16 16.33 17.50 18 . 66 19.82 21.00 22 .16 23.22
58 14.5 15.70 16.91 18 . 12 19 . 33 20 .53 21.75 22.95 24.16
60 15 . 0 16.24 17.50 18 . 75 19.99 21 . 24 22.50 23.74 25.00
62 15.5 16.78 18.08 19.37 20.66 21.95 23 .25 24.53 25 . 83
64 16.0 17.33 18.66 20 .00 21.33 22 . 66 24.00 25.33 26 . 66
66 15.5 17.87 19 .25 20.62 21.99 23.27 24 . 75 26.12 27 .50