Temperature And Humidity Sensor

IM lab project

NAME St.ID Class.ID

Fasih uddin khan 7231

M Arsalan latif 7469

Abstract.
Humidity and temperature are the two sides of a single coin. They have the same perameters and
effects with slightly different aspects namesThe quantity of moisture in the air is called humidity.
Various physical, chemical, and biological processes are affected by volume of water in air.
Measurement of humidity in various industries is important as it disturb the business value of the
products. Therefore, humidity sensing plays acrucial role, in the control system in various manufacturing
human ease and processes.

Governing or observing it is of chief significance in various applications in domestic and industrial field.
In medical field too humidity sensing has many uses. It is used for respiratory apparatus, disinfectants,
incubators, pharmacological processing, and life products. Chemical gas cleansing, dryers, kilns,paper,
film drynessand nutrition processing also requires humidity sensing. Agriculture field requires
measurement of humidity for plantation guard, soil dampness observing, etc. In domestic uses, it is
essential for existing atmosphere in constructions, cookery switch for heat up ovens, etc. Therefore
humidity sensors have uses in all these fields.

Introduction
Humidity and temperature are common parameters to measure environmental conditions. In this
Arduino based project we are going to measure ambient temperature and humidity. A combined
temperature and himidity sensor DHT11 is used with Arduino uno to develop this Celsius scale
thermometer and percentage scale humidity measurement project. DHT11 is a Humidity and Temperature
Sensor, which generates calibrated digital output. DHT11 can be interface with any microcontroller like
Arduino, Raspberry Pi, etc. and get instantaneous results. DHT11 is a low cost humidity and temperature
sensor which provides high reliability and long term stability.

COMPONENTS:
 DHT11
 Arduino
 12v DC Fan
 Jumpers
 DC supply(12volts)
 Resistors

Sensor (DHT11)
DHT11 is a part of DHTXX series of Humidity sensors. The other sensor in this series is DHT22. Both
these sensors are Relative Humidity (RH) Sensor. As a result, they will measure both the humidity and
temperature. Although DHT11 Humidity Sensors are cheap and slow, they are very popular among
hobbyists and beginners
.

The DHT11 Humidity and Temperature Sensor consists of 3 main components. A resistive type humidity
sensor, an NTC (negative temperature coefficient) thermistor (to measure the temperature) and an 8-bit
microcontroller, which converts the analog signals from both the sensors and sends out single digital
signal.This digital signal can be read by any microcontroller or microprocessor for further analysis.

DHT11 Humidity Sensor consists of 4 pins: VCC, Data Out, Not Connected (NC) and GND. The range
of voltage for VCC pin is 3.5V to 5.5V. A 5V supply would do fine. The data from the Data Out pin is a
serial digital data.

The following image shows a typical application circuit for DHT11 Humidity and Temperature Sensor.
DHT11 Sensor can measure a humidity value in the range of 20 – 90% of Relative Humidity (RH) and a
temperature in the range of 0 – 500C. The sampling period of the sensor is 1 second

Working
This project consists of two sections - one senses the humidity and temperature by
using humidity and temperature sensor DHT11. The second section reads the DHTsensor module’s
output and extracts temperature and humidity values into a suitable number in percentage and Celsius
scale. Working of this project is based on single wire serial communication. First arduino send a start
signal to DHT module and then DHT gives a response signal containing temperature and humidity data.
Arduino collect and extract in two parts one is humidity and second is temperature

First of all arduino sends a high to low start signal to DHT11 with 18µs delay to ensure DHT’s detection.
And then arduino pull-up the data line and wait for 20-40µs for DHT’s response. Once DHT detects
starts signal, it will send a low voltage level response signal to arduino of time delay about 80µs. And
then DHT controller pull up the data line and keeps it for 80µs for DHT’s arranging of sending data.

When data bus is at low voltage level it means that DHT11 is sending response signal. Once it is
done, DHT again makes data line pull-up for 80µs for preparing data transmission.
Data format that is sending by DHT to arduino for every bit begins with 50µs low voltage level and
length of high voltage level signal determines whether data bit is “0” or “1”