Module- 1

1. If the core layer of an optical fibre is made up from silica with a refractive index of
1.45 and if the a refractive index of the cladding is 1% less than that of the core,
calculate
a) Cladding layer refractive index.
b) NA
2. Calculate the refractive indices of the core and the cladding materials of an optical
fibre with NA=0.35 and Δ=0.01.
3. A step index has a core of radius 8 microns, n1=1.458, n2=1.44. What is the V number
if the operating wavelength is 1300nm? How many modes will be supported in the
fibre? If the fibre must be operated as a single mode fibre at 1500nm with the indices
as given, what must be the radius of the fibre?
4. A multimode step index fibre has a relative refractive index difference of 1%. And a
core refractive index of 1.5. The number of modes operating at a wavelength of
1300nm is 1100. Calculate the fibre core diameter.
5. Calculate the core radius and cladding refractive index of a step- index silicon fibre
having NA= 0.3, V=75, n1=1.5, λ=850nm.
6. Find the cut-off wavelength for a step index single mode fibre when n1=1.46, relative
refractive index reference is 0.25% and core diameter is 9µm.
7. A graded index fibre having parabolic profile of refractive index has NA=0.3 in air and
a core diameter of 60 µm. And supports 742guided modes. Calculate the wavelength
of light propagating in fibre.
8. The relative refractive index difference of a fibre is 0.7% and n1=1.45. Calculate the
value for NA of the fibre when,
a) Index profile is not taken into consideration.
b) Index profile is triangular
9. A symmetrical step- index planar waveguide has n1=1.49 and n2=1.48. The thickness
of the guide layer is 10 µm,λ=850nm.
a) What is the range of propagation constant?
b) What is the maximum number of modes supported in the fibre?
10. What should be the maximum thickness of the guide slab of a symmetrical step-index
planar waveguide so that it supports only the fundamental TE mode if n1=2.6 and
n2=2.46 and λ=850nm.
11. What should be the maximum thickness of the guide slab of a symmetrical planar
waveguide so that it supports first 10 modes if n1=2.6 and n2=2.46 and λ=850nm. Also
calculate the maximum and minimum values of propagation constant.
12. The beat length of 12cm is observed in a typical single-mode fibre of wavelength
1100nm. Calculate the difference between the propagation constant for the two
orthogonally polarized modes and modal birefringence.
13. Calculate the macrobend loss of a GI fibre with α=2, core diameter of 50 µm and
wavelength 850nm , bent curve radius R=2.0cm. The core refractive index is 1.45,
NA=0.21,Δ=0.02.
14. Calculate the attenuation in dB/km in an optical fibre of length 600m, in which 80% of
signal is lost while propagating through the fibre.
15. For an optical fibre communication of 2km long, the 3-dB pulse width at the input and
output are 0.5ns and 10ns respectively. Find the pulse broadening for the fibre and the
maximum bit rate.
16. An LED operating at 850 nm has a spectral width of 55 nm and the launches the power
in 1km fibre. What is the pulse spreading in ns/km due to material dispersion? Given:
𝑑2 𝑛
=4x10-2 µm-2.
𝑑λ2
17. An optical power of 10 µW is fed into a fibre of 10km length. The output power is
found to be 5 µW. Calculate
(a) Overall loss in dB assuming no connectors or splices.
(b) Overall loss in dB/km
(c) Overall signal attenuation for a 20km optical link using the same fibre with splices
at 2km interval, each of 1dB attenuation.
(d) The numerical input-output power ratio in part (c).
18. An LED with a spectral width of 17 nm is used as an output source and L=30km. Due
to material dispersion, the pulse spreads at the output at 1.76ns/km. Calculate the
amount of material dispersion.
19. An optical fibre has losses of 0.6dB/km at 1300nm. If 100 µW of power is injected in
to the fibre, how much power will reach at a distance of 20km?
20. A step index single mode fibre has a core refractive index of 1.45, Δ=0.3%, and a
core diameter of 8.2 µm. Calculate the waveguide dispersion parameter for the
given fibre at 𝛌 = 𝟏𝟑𝟎𝟎𝐧𝐦.
21. A step index single mode fibre has a core refractive index of 1.45, Δ=0.5%, and
the waveguide dispersion of 6ps/nm-km for the given fibre at 𝛌 = 𝟏𝟓𝟓𝟎𝐧𝐦.
Calculate the diameter of the core needed to make the total dispersion zero at
operating wavelength.
22. Find the radius of curvature of macrobend in optical fibre at which the power
decreased by 50%. α= 2. n2=1.45. Δ=0.02 and a=25 µm launched in fibre 24dB.
23. Calculate the waveguide dispersion in a1km long link having 9/125 single mode
fibre with n1=1.48, Δ=0.22, λ=1300nm.
24. For a fibre optic link of 1km , material dispersion parameter is 25ps/nm-km. The
ϭ𝜆
relative spectral width = 0.0012at 𝜆 =850nm. Calculate the pulse broadening per
𝜆
km.
𝒅𝟐 (𝒃𝑽)
25. For a fibre optic link of 1km , waveguide dispersion parameter is [𝑽 ]=0.2
𝒅𝑽𝟐
n2=1.48 Δ=0.02, ϭλ=1nm, λ=900nm. Calculate the pulse broadening per km.
26. Calculate the critical radius of curvature of a single mode fibre having core diameter
8µm with core refractive index 1.5, Δ=0.3% λ=1550nm.