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Introduction to Cloud Computing
Cloud Computing - A Game Changing
Technology
Infinite shared resources & services
Infrastructure is not a limiting factor
No need to equip for peak-load requirements
Elasticity on demand
Anytime, anywhere
Efficient scalability and high availability
Suitable pricing models
Pay for what you use
Cloud Computing
Evolution of Computing - The Next
(Current) Big Thing
Virtualization and Abstraction
Details are abstracted from consumers
Reduces complexity
Not necessarily the Internet, can be on
premises
Private cloud
Automation, Monitoring, Deployment
Reduce cost, shift risk, shorten time-to-
market, focus on business functionality 3
Less Worries
Focus on functionality
Let others take care of:
Resource management
Security
Environments (staging, production)
High availability, scalability, load balancing
Fault tolerance
OS - installation, licensing, updates, patches
Network
Maintenance

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 Load Balancing Servers
A single system can exceed its resource limit
CPU, Memory, IO, Network Connections
Use the best VM size to best fit the load among these resources

Scaling Out: LB Over VM Instances

Distribute the load across machines taking into
account machine health state
Configuring the Load Balancer:
Automatically with Azure App Fabric and Amazon
Elastic Beanstalk
Manually with Amazon Elastic Load Balancing (ELB)
and Azure Endpoint LB
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Multi-Tenancy
One Application to Rule Them All!
The cloud provides many benefits
You develop and deploy to the cloud
Staging/Production cloud environments
Cloud management & monitoring
You’d like to share those effort for all
of your customers
A Multi-tenant application is one application
that serves many isolated application instances
Beware of privacy

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 Remote Administration System – 1/3
 Definition
 Tools and user-interface for external cloud resource administrators to configure and administer
cloud-based IT resources
 Implementation mechanisms
 Implemented as a portal for remote administration and management of various underlying
systems allowing cloud consumer side administrators to configure and manage cloud IT
resources allocated to themselves
 Integrated with resource management system, SLA management system and billing
management systems
 Mainly to centralize controls to external could
resource administrators, to customize user control
and to hand over as much as control in
administrative tasks to cloud consumers
Resource Billing Mgmt.
 2 primary types of portals: usage and Mgmt. SLA Mgmt.
System
System System
administration portal and self-service portal

Cloud

Cloud Resource
Administrators Remote
Administration
System

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Remote Administration System – 2/3
 Usage and administration portal
 A general purpose portal to centralize management controls to different cloud-based IT
resources and to provide IT resource usage reports
 A part of numerous cloud technology architectures (Covered in the later Chapter)
 Self-service portal
 A shopping portal to allow cloud consumers to search an up-to-date list of cloud services
and IT resources available for lease from a cloud providers
 Items chosen by the cloud consumers are submitted to the cloud provider for provisioning.
 Associated with the rapid provisioning architecture (Covered in the later Chapter)
 Tasks commonly performed by cloud consumers via a remote administration console include:
 Configuring and setting up cloud services
 Provisioning and releasing IT resource for on-demand cloud services
 Monitoring cloud service status, usage and performance
 Monitoring QoS and SLA fulfillment
 Managing leasing costs and usage fees
 Managing user accounts, security credentials, authorization and access control
 Tracking internal and external access to leased services
 Planning and accessing IT resource provisioning
 Capacity planning
 Cloud providers are recommended to offer standardized APIs for remote administration
system so that cloud consumers can reuse their front-end interface if they decide to move to
another cloud provider or they are able to lease their services from multiple cloud providers
simultaneously.
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Remote Administration System – 3/3
Cloud A

On-premise
IT Resource
Cloud

Remote
Administration
System

Cloud Resource
Administrator Side
Custom Front-end
IT Resource Mgmt.
Portal

Cloud

Remote
Administration
System

Cloud B

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 Resource Management System – 1/2
 Definition
 An interface and a mechanism to coordinate IT resource in response to management actions
performed by both cloud consumers and cloud providers
 Implementation mechanisms
 Virtual infrastructure manager (VIM – the core part of resource management system) -
coordinating the server hardware so that virtual server instances can be created from the
most expedient underlying physical server
 Basically managing a range of virtual IT resources across multiple physical servers – creating &
managing multiple instances of a hypervisor across different physical serves or allocating a
virtual server on one physical server to another (or to a resource pool)

VM VM VM VM VM VM VM VM VM
user-defined & custom-built 0 1 X 0 1 Y 0 1 Z
Hypervisor0 Hypervisor1 HypervisorN
remote administration
system portal with APIs
PM0 PM1 PMN

VIM

Cloud Usage and Remote VM Image Native VIM Cloud

Resource Administration Administration Repository Console Resource
Administrator Portal System Administrator
Resource
Management
System

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 Resource Management System – 2/2
 Roles and tasks
 Managing virtual IT resource templates that are used to create pre-built instances such as
virtual server images
 Allocating and releasing virtual IT resources into the available physical infrastructure in
response to the starting, pausing, resuming and terminating virtual IT resource instances
 Coordinating IT resources in relation to the involvement of other mechanisms such as resource
replication, load balancer and failover system
 Enforcing usage and security policies throughout the lifecycle of cloud service instances
 Monitoring operational conditions of IT resources
 Interfaces & interaction
 Accessed by cloud resource administrators employed by the cloud provider or cloud
consumer
 Directly accessed by cloud resource administrators of the cloud provider via the resource
management system’s native console
 Selectively accessed by could resource administrators of the cloud consumer via external APIs
with which a user-defined remote administration system portal could be custom-built

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 SLA Management System
 Definition
 A mechanism providing features related to the administration, collection, storage, reporting
and runtime notification of SLA data
 Implementation mechanisms
 SLA data based on pre-defined metrics and reporting parameters stored on and retrieved
from a separate repository
 Cooperate with one or more SLA monitor mechanisms to collect the SLA data that can then
be made available in near-real time to usage and administration portals to provide on-going
feedback regarding active cloud services
 The metrics monitored for individual cloud services are aligned with the SLA guarantees in
corresponding cloud provisioning contracts.

SLA
Manager

Cloud Usage and Remote QoS Log Native SLA Cloud

Resource Administration Administration Repository Console Resource
Administrator Portal System Administrator
SLA Management
System
SLA Cloud
Monitor
Agent
Cloud Service
Consumer

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 Billing Management System
 Definition
 A mechanism dedicated to the collection and processing of usage data as it is related to
cloud provider accounting and cloud consumer billing
 Implementation mechanisms
 Based on pay-per-use monitors to gather runtime usage data that is stored in a repository that
the system components then draw from for billing, reporting and invoicing purpose
 Different pricing policies based on pricing models, cloud consumers, IT resource types
 Pricing models – traditional pay-per-use model, flat-rate, pay-per-allocation or their
combination
 Pre-usage payment system: up to pre-defined usage limits and blocked when exceeded
 Post-usage payment system: unlimited usage and billed based on actual usage at the end of
each period

Pricing &
Contract
Manager
Cloud Usage and Remote PPU Log Native PPU Cloud
Resource Administration Administration Repository Console Resource
Administrator Portal System Administrator
Billing
Management
System
PPU Cloud
Monitor
Agent
Cloud Service
Consumer

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Connectivity in Azure

LB

Internal Endpoints
DEFINING SYSTEMS
AND THEIR
PROBLEMS
What is a system? What are the problems we face with
them?
Describing a System

Software Platform Infrastructure

PHP IBM
BladeCenter
MySQL HS22
Moodle
Apache
Network
Connection
Ubuntu
Problems with Systems
Basic Assumptions When Creating Systems
• Number of users
• Amount of storage
• Supporting requirements
• Amount of compute power
Issues Faced with Maintaining Systems
• Cost of updating systems
• Scaling systems
 DEFINING THE
CLOUD
5 characteristics  4 deployment models  3 service
models

Definition based on the definition from the National Institute of

Standards and Technology.
DEFINING THE CLOUD:
5 CHARACTERISTICS
5 characteristics  4 deployment models  3 service
models
5 Characteristics
On-demand self-service
5 Characteristics
Broad network access
5 Characteristics
Resource pooling
5 Characteristics
Rapid elasticity
5 Characteristics
Measured Service
DEFINING THE CLOUD:
4 DEPLOYMENT
MODELS
5 characteristics  4 deployment models  3 service
models
4 Deployment Models
Public Cloud
Amazon Web Service’s
Elastic Compute Cloud

Software Platform Infrastructure

Ruby on Rails
Servers
Ubuntu
Redmine
MySQL
Network
Connection
Mongrel
4 Deployment Models
Community Cloud
Educational Consortium’s
Cloud

Software Platform Infrastructure

Ruby on Rails
Servers
Ubuntu
Redmine
MySQL
Network
Connection
Mongrel
4 Deployment Models
Private Cloud
Institution’s
VMware vCloud

Software Platform Infrastructure

Ruby on Rails
Servers
Ubuntu
Redmine
MySQL
Network
Connection
Mongrel
4 Deployment Models
Hybrid Cloud
VMware Amazon Web Service’s
vCloud Elastic Compute Cloud

Platform Software Platform Infrastructure

Ruby on Rails
Servers
Ubuntu
MySQL Redmine
MySQL
Network
Connection
Mongrel
DEFINING THE
CLOUD:
3 SERVICE MODELS
5 characteristics  4 deployment models  3 service
models
3 Service Models
Software as a Service – Google Docs

Software Platform Infrastructure

Java
Servers

Google
Javascript
Docs
Network
? Connection
3 Service Models
Platform as a Service – Heroku

Software Platform Infrastructure

Ruby on Rails
Servers
Debian Linux
Your
Application
PostgresSQL
Network
Connection
Thin
3 Service Models
Infrastructure as a Service – Rackspace

Software Platform Infrastructure

Your
Programming
Language Servers

Your Operating
Your Application
System

Network
Connection
Your Database
HOW ARE YOU
USING THE CLOUD?
Provide us a brief description of how your institution is
using the cloud.
Resources on the Cloud:
Blogs
Planet Cloud
an aggregation of blogs talking solely about the cloud
Wisdom of the Clouds
James Urquhart, Market Manager for Cloud Computing and Virtualization, CISCO
Rational Survivability
Christopher Hoff, Director of Cloud and Virtualization Solutions, Data Center Solutions, CISCO
Amazon Web Services Blog
Official blog for Amazon Web Services
Windows Azure Blog
Official blog for Windows Azure
Elastic Vapor :: Life in the Cloud
Reuven Cohen, Founder and CTO Enomaly Inc.
All Things Distributed
Werner Vogels, CTO Amazon.com
Resources on the Cloud
NIST Definition of the Cloud
The National Institute of Standards and Technology’s definition of the cloud.
Above the Clouds: A Berkeley View of Cloud Computing
A paper on the potential benefits and uses of the cloud
Clouderati Twitter Lists
While Clouderati itself doesn’t tweet about the cloud, it does provide a number of
lists of persons that tweet about the cloud. While many of these folks are in
the business space, they provide a lot of information about the cloud.
EDUCAUSE Cloud Computing Resources
Resources from education on cloud computing, including publications,
presentation, podcasts, etc.
Attend CloudCamp
CloudCamp is an unconference held throughout the world (and even virtually).
It’s a great place to go, meet people who are also interested in the cloud, and
learn a few new things.
Section Title

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Terima Kasih

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