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A noun or pronoun functions as the sentence subject when it is paired with a verb
functioning as the sentence predicate.
Example:
Example:
Sometimes we use sentences in which a subject is not actually stated, but is,
nevertheless, understood in the meaning.
Example:
Because we use such statements when we are talking directly to someone, we omit the
word you. It is understood in the sentence. Therefore, in statements like this one, we
say the subject is
you (understood).
Example:
Sometimes the predicate will be composed of two or three verbs that fit together - the
main verb preceded by one or more auxiliary (helping) verbs.
IMPORTANT NOTE: To be a predicate, a verb that ends in -ing must ALWAYS have a
helping verb with it. An -ing verb WITHOUT a helping verb cannot be a predicate in a
sentence.
A subject and predicate may not always appear together or in the normal order, as the
following examples show:
Phrases
A phrase is a group of related words that
Examples:
Examples:
Even though these phrases contain nouns (pronouns) and/or verb forms, none of
the nouns/pronouns/verbs are subjects or predicates. None of them work as a
partnership.
Clauses
Words and phrases can be put together to make clauses.
A clause is a group of related words that contain a subject and predicate.
Note the difference between phrases and clauses in the following examples:
Clause #1 gives a thought or an idea that is COMPLETE, that can stand by itself,
independent of other words.
The coordinating conjunctions and, but, or, and nor may join subjects, predicates, adjectives,
adverbs, prepositional phrases or dependent clauses within a sentence. This process is called
"compounding."
WORDS
PHRASES
DEPENDENT CLAUSES
When entire independent clauses (simple sentences) are joined this way, they become compound
sentences.
Avoiding Fragments
A complete sentence needs only two elements:
Dependent clauses or phrases are called fragments because they are missing
one or more parts needed to make a sentence.
Writers make this error when they try to separate the two independent clauses in
a compound sentence with a comma alone.
Writers make this error by joining two independent clauses into a compound
sentence without using any punctuation between them.
No punctuation between the two independent clauses causes them to "fuse" into
an INCORRECT compound sentence.