Internal combustion engine

Internal combustion engines (ICE) are the most common form of heat engines, as they
are used in vehicles, boats, ships, airplanes, and trains. They are named as such because
the fuel is ignited in order to do work inside the engine.[1] The same fuel and air mixture is
then emitted as exhaust. This can be done using a piston (called a reciprocating engine),
or with a turbine.

Two-stroke engine
As the name implies, the system only requires two piston movements in order to
generate power. The main differentiating factor that allows the two stroke engine to
function with only two piston movements is that the exhaust and intake of the gas
occurs simultaneously,[6] as seen in Figure 3. The piston itself is utilized as the valve
of the system, along with the crankshaft, to direct the flow of the gases. In addition,
due to its frequent contact with moving components, the fuel is mixed with oil to add
lubrication, allowing smoother strokes. Overall two-stroke engine contains two
processes:

1. The air-fuel mixture is added and the piston moves upwards (compression).
The inlet port is opened up due to the position of the piston and the air-fuel
mixture enters the holding chamber. A spark plug ignites the compressed fuel
and begins the power stroke.
2. The heated gas exerts high pressure on the piston, the piston moves
downward (expansion), waste heat is exhausted.
Four-stroke engine
While there are many kinds of internal combustion engines the four-stroke piston
engine (Figure 2) is one of the most common. It is used in various automobiles (that
specifically use gasoline as fuel) like cars, trucks, and some motorbikes. A four
stroke engine delivers one power stroke for every two cycles of the piston. There is
an animation to the right, of a four-stroke engine, and further explanation of the
process below.

1. Fuel is injected into the chamber.

2. The fuel catches fire (this happens differently in a diesel engine than
a gasoline engine).
3. This fire pushes the piston which is the useful motion.
4. The waste chemicals, by volume (or mass) this is mostly water
vapour and carbon dioxide. There can be pollutants as well like carbon
monoxide from incomplete combustion.

https://energyeducation.ca/encyclopedia/Internal_combustion_engine