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Realism
Reality is outside of our mind is not eternal to our minds
Object we perceive exist independently of the mind
Human mind can know about the real world and knowledge
Teach students of the world in which they Live
Learning is through The curriculum of organized and classified subject matter discipline.
Teachers must have wide repertoire of methods in teaching
Bring students’ ideas about the world into reality
Deductive and inductive logic and Scientific method
Inclusion of non-academic activities interfere school’s primary purpose
Technology as an aid in learning, recommend computer program to be realistic and effective
Pragmatism
Evaluates the truth and meaning of ideas according to physical consequence and value
Emphasizes the need to test the validity
Test ideas is through scientific method
John Dewy – function of education was to enhance human potential
Students should be trained to construct knowledge
Students are encouraged to do researches and apply them to the solution of a problem
Education is an experimental process
Believe that Children should learn how to make difficult situation and consider consequences.
Education should focus on real life problems.
Students should learn the process of problem solving
Collaborative learning
Interdisciplinary education
Taking risk in education
Values clarification than blindly accepting inherited values
Communication technology provide opportunities to share ideas, insights and experiences.
Edtech
Ed-tech
Develop to suit
Promote education to adapt, adjust and to cope
Ethical standard use for learning process
Ethical standard
Use for different kinds of learner
Ex: field trip when teacher ask parent’s consent
Contrive experience
You can’t have all learning materials in the classroom like nature appreciation.
Teacher
Parents
Stake holders
Metacognition
Learning to learn
Learning to do
Learning to be with others
Learning to plan
Synchronous learning
Asynchronous learning
Students learn the same material at the same time different times and location
Online Learning / No determination
Pace by pace Learning
Technology Adaption
Own
Technology Adaptation
Adding something
Persons in Education
Benjamin Bloom
Charles Babbage
Maria Montessori
Multi-sensory learning
Input = output probability
Ivan Pavlov
Classical Conditioning
John Dewey
Constructivism
Learning by Doing
Pragmatism
Elements of Visual
Pixel
Picture Element
1. Availability
2. Easy to understand
3. Informative
4. Appropriate
1. Formative test
Conductive
After the objective of the day
Results of learning
2. Summative test
For learning
Theories of Learning
1. Behaviorism
To reward
To punish
Conditioning
Positive and Negative reinforcement
Ian Pavlov
2. Constructivism
Learning by doing
John Dewey
3. Cognitivism
Speaks about the brain
Process and interpret
mind
Pareto diagram
Bar graph
Dale
Retentivity 10%
Hearing 20%
Seeing 30%
Participating 70%
Hands-on 90%
Teaching styles
Actual Experience
First-hand experience
Examples:
Dramatize Experience
Pageant
Pantomime
A mute play
Acting using body language or gesture
Taboo
Marionettes
Shadow puppet
Rod puppets (using stick)
Hand puppet (socks)
Contrive Experience
edited copies of reality and use as substitute when it’s not possible to bring in the classroom.
Using model in teaching (ex. Globe)
Mack up (Election pre-board also a kind of simulation)
Specimen (Living)
Simulation (Earthquake drill )
Imitation
Model
Values are being caught and being taught
Social learning theory 10% environment
Dualistic Theory
Multiple Intelligences
1. Interpersonal
2. Intrapersonal
3. Linguistic or Verbal-Linguistic
4. Kinesthetic
5. Visual spatial
6. Musical
7. Naturalistic
8. Logical Mathematical
Loco Parentis
Once the child enters the school premises it’s under the supervision of the school personnel
Instructional Model
Pillars of education
Is to produce more effective teaching and learning
Assure (see other model in the note. Addie, Dick and Carey, Agents event instructions)
Analyze Learners
State the objectives
Select strategy
Utilize Materials
Requires learner’s participation
Evaluation and revised
SMART
Specific
Measurable
Attainable
Result oriented
Time bounded
HOTS
Higher
Order
Thinking
Skills
Benefits of Ed-tech
1. Instructional effectiveness
2. Active learning
3. Critical thinking
4. Cooperative learning
5. Communication skills
6. Multi-sensory delivery
7. Multi-cultural education
Kinds of Map
Assessment of Learning
Assessment OF learning – measure the level competency of the students before they graduate
Assessment FOR learning – provide an adequate feedback to student’s performance
Assessment As learning – An example of this is where you achieve learning throughout the progress that
you made in the study.
Table of Specification-Is a plan prepared by a classroom teacher as a basis for test construction
especially a periodic test
Two types of TOS – one and two way table of specification
Objective type of test - requires a user to choose or provide a response to a question whose correct
answer s predetermined.
kinds of objective test:
Completion type of test item, identification teype of test items, Labeling of test items, Alternative type
of test items, matching type of test items.
Interpretative Exercise – an interpretative question exercise consists of a series of objective items Based
on a common set of data. The data may in the form of written materials, tables, charts. Graphs. Maps or
pictures.
Essay test – helps you evaluate how well a students or a group has learned through their own answers
expressed in their own manner.
Portfolio – are systematic collections of students work overtime. These collections help students and
teachers assess student growth and development.
Norm referenced item analysis – penultimate step in the test development process.
Upper group
Lowergroup
Difficulty index
Discrimination index