Functions

ECET 209 – Lecture 14

Introduction to Microcontrollers
 Overview

• Functions
• Keypad Functions
• Top Down Design

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 Functions

• Functions are “building blocks”

– Perform complicated processes ( > 1 line of C )
– Eliminate redundant code
– Make code easier to read
– Allow for “libraries”
– Allow software to be modularized

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 Functions

• Functions have the following traits

– Allow parameters to be passed to them
• Ultimately become variables

– Allow a single value to be passed back

• Use assignment operator to place value in a variable
• Can you value directly for control

– May neither receive or return any values

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 Anatomy of a Function

• Functions have three components

– The function name
– The return value from the function
– The parameters passed to the function

return_data_type function_name ( passed_data_size(s) )

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 Anatomy of a Function

• Functions have three components

– The function name
– The return value from the function
– The parameters passed to the function

return_data_type function_name ( passed_data_size(s) )

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ECET 209 Purdue University 7
 Press Release Pressing “5”
DAV
DATA 0101

74922
KEYPAD
ENCODER
C D E F 1
DAV
8 9 A B
4 5 6 7 D3 0
D2 1
0 1 2 3 D1 0
D0 1
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 Keypad Flowchart

Wait for Dav

while ( (PINA & 0x10) == 0)
{
}
Read the Key
key = PINA & 0x0F;
while ( (PINA & 0x10) != 0)
{
Wait for
Not Dav }

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 Keypad Function

• What about the keypad software

– Does this function receive anything?
– This function sends data back!

unsigned char read_key(void);

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 Keypad Function
unsigned char read_key(void)
{
unsigned char key;
while ( (PINA & 0x10) == 0)
{
}
key = PINA & 0x0F;
while ( (PINA & 0x10) != 0)
{
}
return ( key );
}
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 Keypad Usage
unsigned char read_key(void);
void main(void)
{
// missing initialization code
while ( 1 )
{
PORTC = ~read_key(); // get and display
}
}
unsigned char read_key(void)
{
// missing code from previous slide
}ECET 209 Purdue University 12
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 Example

• Get a BCD number from the keypad.

• How do we accomplish this task?

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 Example Functions
unsigned int get_BCD ( void );

Usage:

value = get_BCD( );

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 Get a BCD Digit
Main

Get BCD

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 Get a BCD Digit
Main

Get BCD

Read Keypress

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 Get a BCD Digit
Main

Get BCD

Read Keypress

D0
D1
DAV
D2
D3

Keypad
Hardware
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 Get a BCD Digit
Main

Get BCD

0 to F
Read Keypress

D0
D1
DAV
D2
D3

Keypad
Hardware
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 Get a BCD Digit
Main

0 to 9
Get BCD

0 to F
Read Keypress

D0
D1
DAV
D2
D3

Keypad
Hardware
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 Questions?
Main

0 to 9
Get BCD

0 to F
Read Keypress

D0
D1
DAV
D2
D3

Keypad
Hardware
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 Example

• Get a 3 digit decimal number from the

keypad.

• How do we accomplish this task?

– Get the numbers 1, 5 and 6 combine them to

produce the number 156.

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 Example Functions
unsigned int get_Decimal ( void );

Usage:

value = get_Decimal( );

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 Get a 3-Digit Decimal Number
Main

Get Decimal

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 Get a 3-Digit Decimal Number
Main

Get Decimal

Get BCD

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 Get a 3-Digit Decimal Number
Main

Get Decimal

Get BCD
0 to F
Read Keypress
D0
D1 DAV
D2
D3

Keypad
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 Get a 3-Digit Decimal Number
Main

Get Decimal

0 to 9
Get BCD
0 to F
Read Keypress
D0
D1 DAV
D2
D3

Keypad
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 Get a 3-Digit Decimal Number
Main

Get Decimal

0 to 9
Get BCD
0 to F
Read Keypress
Do this 3 times D0
D1 DAV
D2
D3

Keypad
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 Get a 3-Digit Decimal Number
Main

Get Decimal

0 to 9
Get BCD
How do I build
this number ??? 0 to F
Read Keypress
D0
D1 DAV
D2
D3

Keypad
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 What are the weights of the
numbers?

156

100’s 1’s
10’s

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 Example

• Take the numbers, multiply them by the

appropriate power of ten, and add them
together
– 1 * 100
– 5 * 10
– 6*1
– ( 100 + 50 + 6 ) = 156

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 Get a 3-Digit Decimal Number
Main

000 to 999
Get Decimal

0 to 9
Get BCD
0 to F
Read Keypress
D0
D1 DAV
D2
D3

Keypad
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 Get a 3-Digit Decimal Number
Main

000 to 999
Get Decimal

0 to 9
Get BCD
0 to F
Read Keypress
D0
D1 DAV
D2
D3

Keypad
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 Example Keypad Functions

• Create a function that reads a two digit

hexadecimal value from the keypad

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 Example Functions
unsigned char get_HEX ( void );

Usage:

value = get_HEX( );

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 Creating a Hex Value

• Hexadecimal values have two places

Upper Digit Lower Digit

0 to F 0 to F

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 Creating a Hex Value
Main Upper Digit Lower Digit

Get Hex

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 Creating a Hex Value
Main Upper Digit Lower Digit

Get Hex

Read Keypress

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 Creating a Hex Value
Main Upper Digit Lower Digit

Get Hex

Read Keypress

D0
D1
DAV
D2
D3

Keypad
Hardware
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 Creating a Hex Value
Main Upper Digit Lower Digit

Get Hex

0 to F
Read Keypress

D0
D1
DAV
D2
D3

Keypad
Hardware
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 Creating a Hex Value
Main ?? Lower Digit

Get Hex

0 to F
Read Keypress

D0
D1
DAV
D2
D3

Keypad
Hardware
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 Creating a Hex Value
Main ?? Lower Digit

Get Hex

Read Keypress

D0
D1
DAV
D2
D3

Keypad
Hardware
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 Creating a Hex Value
Main ?? Lower Digit

Get Hex

0 to F
Read Keypress

D0
D1
DAV
D2
D3

Keypad
Hardware
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 Creating a Hex Value
Main ?? ??

Get Hex

0 to F
Read Keypress

D0
D1
DAV
D2
D3

Keypad
Hardware
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 Creating a Hex Value
Main ?? ??

Get Hex

0 to F
Read Keypress

D0
D1
DAV
D2
D3

Keypad
Hardware
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 Creating a Hex Value
Main Upper Digit Lower Digit

0x00 to 0xFF
Get Hex

0 to F
Read Keypress

D0
D1
DAV
D2
D3

Keypad
Hardware
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 Get a Hex Digit
Main

0x00 to 0xFF
Get Hex

0 to F
Read Keypress

D0
D1
DAV
D2
D3

Keypad
Hardware
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 Questions??
Main Upper Digit Lower Digit

0x00 to 0xFF
Get Hex

0 to F
Read Keypress

D0
D1
DAV
D2
D3

Keypad
Hardware
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ECET 209 Purdue University 49