sjzl20091231-ZXMBW AGW (V3 (1) .08.10) Product Description PDF

ZXMBW AGW
WiMAX Wireless Access Gateway

Product Description
Version 3.08.10
ZTE CORPORATION
ZTE Plaza, Keji Road South,
Hi-Tech Industrial Park,
Nanshan District, Shenzhen,
P. R. China
518057
Tel: (86) 755 26771900
Fax: (86) 755 26770801
URL: http://ensupport.zte.com.cn
E-mail: support@zte.com.cn
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The ultimate right to interpret this product resides in ZTE CORPORATION.
Revision History
Revision No. Revision Date Revision Reason

R1.0 04/20/2009 First Edition
Serial Number: sjzl20091231

Contents
Preface............................................................... i
System Introduction .........................................1
Position of AGW in WiMAX................................................ 1
Working Principle of AGW System ..................................... 4
Networking Mode............................................................ 6
AGW Hardware Structure ..................................9
AGW Hardware Components ............................................ 9
Other Auxiliary Devices ................................................... 9
Hardware Components of AGW Foreground .......................11
OMC Hardware Components............................................17
Alarm System Hardware Components...............................18
AGW Software Structure ................................. 21
AGW Software Components ............................................21
AGW Software Subsystems .............................................22
AGW Software Subsystems Introduction .......................22
Service Processing Subsystem.....................................22
Operating System Subsystem......................................23
System Control Subsystem .........................................24
Carrier Subsystem .....................................................24
OAM and Network Management Subsystem...................25
Database Subsystem .................................................26
AGW Foreground Software Components............................26
OMC Software Components.............................................28
Interfaces and Protocols ................................. 29
Interfaces Introduction...................................................29
Interfaces between AGW and BS .....................................30
Interfaces between AGW and CSN ...................................31
Interfaces Inter-AGW .....................................................31
Interfaces between AGW and OMC ...................................31
GRE Protocol.................................................................32
RADIUS Protocol............................................................32
MIP Protocol .................................................................32
DHCP Protocol...............................................................34
System Capability............................................ 35
Basic Services ...............................................................35
Supplementary Services .................................................37
General Features ............................................. 39
Processing Capability .....................................................39
Standard Signaling Interface Compliance ..........................40
Convenience in Operation ...............................................40
Modular Design .............................................................41
Reliability .....................................................................42
Physical Characteristics .................................. 45
Physical Characteristics of AGW Cabinet............................45
Physical Charactersitics of Alarm Box ...............................48
Electrical Characteristics ................................. 49
Electrical Characteristics of AGW Cabinet ..........................49
Electrical Features of Alarm Box ......................................49
Environment Requirements ............................. 51
Grounding Requirement..................................................51
Temperature and Humidity Requirements..........................52
Electromagnetic Radiation Protection Requirements............53
Ventilation Requirements ................................................54
Fireproofing Requirement ...............................................55
Lighting Requirements ...................................................55
Anti-Electrostatic Requirements .......................................56
Lightning Protection Requirements ...................................58
Neatness Requirements ..................................................60
Earthquake Resistance Capability Requirements.................62
Figures ............................................................ 63
Tables ............................................................. 65
List of Glossary................................................ 67
Preface
Purpose This manual introduces ZXMBW AGW WiMAX Wireless Access

Gateway in terms of system structure, hardware structure,
software structure, interfaces and protocols, system capability,
features, indexes, and requirements for environment.
Intended This manual is intended for engineers and technicians who per-
Audience form operations on ZXMBW AGW WiMAX Wireless Access Gateway
System Description.
Prerequisite Skill To use this manual effectively, users should have a general under-
and Knowledge standing of wireless telecommunications technology. Familiarity
with the following is helpful:
� ZXMBW AGW WiMAX system and its various components
� Local operating procedures
What Is in This This manual contains the following chapters:
Manual
Chapter Summary
Introduces the position of AGW in WiMAX

Chapter 1, System
system, and its working principle and
Introduction
networking mode.
Introduces the hardware configuration for AGW

Chapter 2, AGW
as a whole; including foreground, background,
Hardware Structure
and alarm system.
Chapter 3, AGW Introduces AGW software structure and

Software Structure components.
Chapter 4, Interfaces Introduces interfaces and communication

and Protocols protocols used in AGW system.
Chapter 5, System Introduces basic services and complementary

Capability services of AGW system.
Chapter 6, General
Introduces general features of AGW system.
Features
Chapter 7,
Introduces the mechanical features of AGW
Mechanical
system.
Characteristics
Chapter 8, Electrical Introduces the electrical characteristics of AGW

Characteristics system.
Chapter 9,
Introduces the environmental requirements of
Environment
AGW system.
Requirements
Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION i

ZXMBW AGW Product Description
This page is intentionally blank.
ii Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION

Chapter 1
System Introduction
Table of Contents
Position of AGW in WiMAX.................................................... 1
Working Principle of AGW System ......................................... 4
Networking Mode................................................................ 6
Position of AGW in WiMAX

Description The ZTE WiMAX system has layered architecture. It utilizes next
generation network (NGN) layered model. The network is divided
into five layers. They are:
� Service layer
� Control layer
� Core layer
� Access layer
� Terminal layer
Position of AGW In the architecture provided by NWG, AGW belongs to ASN. How-
ever, as a gateway, it partly belongs to ASN and partly belongs to
CSN.
The position of AGW in WiMAX is as shown in Figure 1.
Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 1

FIGURE 1 POSITION OF AGW IN WIMAX NETWORK
Functions of AGW In Figure 1, AGW in WiMAX has the following functions:

� Providing interfaces for connecting with other functional mod-
ules
The interfaces include R6 interface, R4 interface, R3 interface,
connected with WiMAX wireless access network, other AGWs,
ASPs and AAA servers, and DHCP server, respectively.
� Providing Level-2 switching function
AGW supports VLAN protocol, link aggregation control proto-
col, 802.1p/1q protocol, RMON protocol, and SNMP protocol.
� Providing Level-3 routing function
AGW implements high-speed forwarding and processing of IP
addresses and messages. It supports Ipv4 protocol stack, sin-
gle broadcast, Simple IP/Mobile IP, VPN, ACL, traffic engineer-
ing, and QoS.
� Providing users with wide-band access function
AGW also implements access and management function for
wide-band users, including supporting various access and
management modes. Specifically, it supports IP allocation, au-
thentication, billing and operating, implementing user-based
session management, filtering, flow control.
� Providing wireless access gateway function
With this function, AGW implements mobile terminal access-
ing and mobile networking, including R6 interface termination
and those services closely related to mobility, such as mobility
management, roaming status switching, and paging. In addi-
tion, AGW supports Idle mode management of mobile terminal.
� Application layer gateway function
2 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION

Chapter 1 System Introduction
With this function, application layer gateway function or

session border controller function. Thus ensure that the
network border formed during transforming public and private
addresses does not influence the application services above
IP layer.
Functions of Other The functions of other entities include:
Entities
� Terminals
Terminals provide various friendly access approaches and man-
machine interface for final users. WiMAX is capable of provid-
ing high-speed data access. It supports terminals with complex
services such as voice, text, and figure, including fixed station,
integrated access device, USB/PCMCIA card, intelligent hand-
sets, and dual-module/multiple-module handsets.
� Base station subsystem (BSS)
BSS is composed of base transceiver station (BTS) and base
station (BS).
BSS implements functions of accessing to data services, com-
mon telephone service.
BTS implements modulating and demodulating of base-band
signals, and receiving/sending radio frequency signals.
BS implements wireless resource allocating, call processing,
power controlling, and it supports various switches of termi-
nals.
� Core devices
Core devices are the carrier base for packet switching network
and soft switching network. These devices include network
devices, AGW, and DHCP servers. They implement accessing,
transmitting, routing, and transforming of service flow. In ad-
dition, it conducts acceptance control, traffic shaping, QoS, and
roaming under control of control layer.
According to services provided by WiMAX, core devices further
include DHCP server, DNS server, TFTP server, and FA (Foreign
Agent).
� Controlling devices
Controlling devices refer to AAA/PDF, which implements call
processing and controlling, protocol adapting, interconnecting.
Additionally, these devices provide application and supporting
platform such as global network QoS, user information, and
network information.
� Other application devices
Other application devices refer to those providing various ap-
plications and services for network, those providing customer-
oriented complex intelligent services, and those providing cus-
tomized services, such as unified service platform, Parley gate-
way, and third-party application server.

Working Principle of AGW

System
Description ZXMBW AGW provides communication between media plane and
control plane. Each interface board and MP board are connected
through a high-speed switch. Thus ensure the transferring of con-
trol information between each other. GGLP and GGUP are con-
nected through a high-speed switch system with large capacity.
Thus routes to media planes are reliably forwarded.
Working Principle The working principle chart for ZXMBW AGW system is as shown
Chart in Figure 2.

FIGURE 2 WORKING PRINCIPLE CHART FOR AGW (CONTROL FLOW)
Functions The functions of each module shown in Figure 2 are described be-
low:
� RPU
It implements maintaining of route table of the entire network.
When interface board receives route packets, it forwards the
packets to RPU, which in turn refreshes its own route table and
creates forwarding table based on the route table. Finally, it
synchronizes the forwarding table to each board.
� OMP

As the maintenance agent of OMC network management

server, OMP saves the configuration information, version files
of devices. Additionally, it is the information channel for each
board and OMC server, transmitting various alarm messages,
statistics information.
� OMC
OMC network management system is the maintenance cen-
ter of ZXMBW AGW system, and OMC client is the client of
the maintenance system, having the architecture of client and
server ends. OMC server saves the configuration data of the
entire device and has multiple maintenance functions, such as
network configuration, alarm management, performance mea-
surement, signaling tracing, and version management.
Moreover, OMC server provides NEF function, interfacing
with upper-level network management system through Q3 or
CORBA interface.
� SMP
This module processes various application layer signaling and
route protocols, receives/sends Socket, encodes/decodes sig-
naling, controls flows, controls user plane and manages users.
� PSN
This module implements switching of IP data messages at me-
dia plane in Level-1 switching.
� GGLP
GGLP is used for data wire-speed processing, including data
packet identification, classification, dispatching, encapsula-
tion, decapsulation, look-up and route forwarding.
� GGUP
GGUP realizes basic IP packet header processing, GRE mes-
sage processing, user data message forwarding, accounting
collection and reporting.
Networking Mode
Networking Chart The networking chart for AGW is as shown in Figure 3.

FIGURE 3 NETWORKING CHART OF AGW
Networking In AGW, switch and network elements such as AGW and BS form
Principles a local area network. The principles for the networking mode as
shown in Figure 3 are described as follows:
� Avoid cascade loop of multiple switches internal AGW ALN.
� Add router or firewall to separate AGW LAN Ethernet switch
and CDMA systems LAN of other manufacturers.
� Add router or firewall to separate AGW LAN and the billing, ac-
counting, network management systems of carriers while they
are physically connected through switches.
� Strictly plan the ports of Ethernet switches for AGW LAN.
� Install anti-virus software in host server internal AGW LAN (do
install anti-virus software in client and timely updates the virus
bank).
� Utilize ports such as Cisco 3560 L3 Switch and 48GE+4 SFP-
based GE for level-3 switches.


Chapter 2
AGW Hardware
Structure
Table of Contents
AGW Hardware Components ................................................ 9
Other Auxiliary Devices ....................................................... 9
Hardware Components of AGW Foreground ...........................11
OMC Hardware Components................................................17
Alarm System Hardware Components...................................18
AGW Hardware
Components
Hardware AGW hardware includes AGW access gateway (alternatively called
Components as AGW foreground), OMC server, OMC client, and alarm box.
Hardware Types AGW hardware can be divided into two:
� Foreground devices
These devices include AGW access gateway, including AGW
cabinets, shelves in cabinets, and all boards in shelves.
� Background devices
Background devices include OMC server, OMC client, and cor-
respondent alarm boxes.
Reference For details of AGW hardware, refer to ZXMBW AGW WiMAX Wire-
less Access Gateway Hardware Description.
Other Auxiliary Devices

Description In order to implement functions such as IP address allocation, pag-
ing, group broadcasting, and AAA, additional devices are required
in AGW. These devices can either be inside AGW, or it can be net-
work elements of other devices.
Auxiliary Device The structure of the auxiliary devices in AGW is as shown in Figure
Architecture Chart 4.

FIGURE 4 AUXILIARY DEVICES IN AGW
Functions of The auxiliary devices in AGW are generally storage devices with
Auxiliary Devices large capacity, in charge of data querying, storing, and content
information providing. These devices are normally standardized.
� HA (Home Agent)
HA provides mobile IP address users with home agent function.
It can be individual network element.
� DHCP Server
AGW provides DHCP Proxy inside, which provides DHCP agent
function for user IP address allocation and management. DHCP
server provides users with IP address allocation and manage-
ment service, which can be replaced by IP pool internal AGW.
� DNS server
DNS server maintains the binding relation between user NAI
and IP address. It can also be implemented internal AAA.
� OMC server
OMC server provides configuration information. This function
can be implemented through OMC.
� Timer server
Timer server is the clock server defined in the time protocol
RFC 868 and provides clock source for AGW. As NTP client,
AGW acquires accurate clock source from network NTP server.
� AAA server
AAA server serves to store the detailed CDR output from AGW.
The detailed CDR is used in information collecting, settlement,
and checking.
In case of pre-payment service, AAA server provides real-time
AAA and time control information.
Additionally, AAA server acts as the AAA interface message
processor and is connected to OSS of carriers through AAA
interface. The interfaces through which the AAA server is
connected with the AAA center include FTP, FTAM, CMIP, and
CMISE.
� Network management front-end processor
AGW provides various operation and maintenance modes, such
as SNMP, WEB, CLI, and Telnet. And it supports unified net-
work management system of ZTE Corporation.

Chapter 2 AGW Hardware Structure
Network management front-end processor is provided for net-

work management system of other manufacturers or current
system of carriers.
Hardware Components of
AGW Foreground
Description AGW is composed of AGW cabinets, shelves, and boards. De-
pending on the number of users and system capacity, single shelf
or dual shelves are configured in AGW.
� With single shelf, AGW utilizes BPSNE shelf.
� With dual shelves, AGW utilizes BCTC and BPSNE shelf to-
gether.
The hardware system of AGW includes level-1 switching shelf, con-
trol shelf and conrresponding boards. The boards that can be used
are listed in Table 1 and Table 2.
TABLE 1 FRONT BOARDS
Logic ID of Board Physical Redun-

Function
Board Name Board dancy
Realizes operation and

Operation
maintenance function, and
and 1+1 ac-
OMP realizeIP protocol stack MPX86/2
Maintenance tive/standby
configuration and dynamic
Processor
route protocol processing.
Signaling Realizes all AGW signaling

1+1 ac-
SMP Main processing and supports board MPX86/2
tive/standby
Processor expansion.
Universal interface module,

Universal functions like an inner SWITCH,
1+1 ac-
UIM Interface connects the board through UIM_2
tive/standby
Module TCP/IP protocol to realize control
interface switching.
Packet Realizes media interface IP data

1+1 load
PSN Switch message switching in level 1 PSN4V
sharing
Network switch.

Logic ID of Board Physical Redun-

Function
Board Name Board dancy
Provides external Kilomega

Ethernet interface; each GGLP
board provides four Kilomega
Ethernet interfaces. GGLP board
distributes control interface
AGW Line
message to corresponding 1+1 load
GGLP Processor of XPB
SMP for processing, and user sharing
GE interface
interface message is distributed
to corresponding GGUP for
processing. For non-service
message, it provides route
forwarding function.
Process and forward user service

AGW GTP-U message, slicing regrouping, N+M ac-
GGUP XPB
Processor collect accounting information, tive/standby
and collect performance statistics.
TABLE 2 REAR BOARDS
Logical Corresponding
Board Name Function
board front card
Provides OMC2 interface of RMPB is used to

external communicate with OMC, Debug1232 is
RMPB OMP
diagnostic ports used for debugging OMP and Debug2
for the OMP 232 is used for debugging RPU.
Provides
external
RUIM2 diagnostic ports UIMType 2
for UIM (Type
2) Provides external interface for UIM,
and realize communication between
Provides multi-subrack.
external
RUIM3 diagnostic ports UIMType 3
for UIM (Type
3)
Provides Board configured for system

external maintenance, and provides external
RPSN PSN
diagnostic ports debugging Ethernet interface and serial
for PSN port for PSN.
Board configured for system

maintenance, and provides external
Provides debugging Ethernet interface for GGLP
external and GGUP.
RGEP diagnostic ports GGLP or GGUP
for GGLP and It is the rear board when BPSNE shelf
GGUP provides four GE interfaces, and it must
be configured when the GE interface on
GGLP is used as electrical interface.

Note:
Not all boards have corresponding rear boards. Some rear boards
are only used for debugging. For more information, refer to
ZXMBW AGW WiMAX Wireless Access Gateway Hardware Descrip-
tion.
AGW Hardware The block diagram for AGW hardware structure is as shown in Fig-
Architecture ure 5, in which the boards are marked with their logic IDs listed in
Table 1.
FIGURE 5 AGW HARDWARE ARCHITECTURE
Under the hardware architecture shown in Table 1, distributed

structure reflects in three aspects, which are control interface mes-
sages distributed processing, media interface service distributed
processing, and multi-interface board load sharing, as shown in
Figure 6.

FIGURE 6 DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING ARCHITECTURE
Under the architecture as shown in Figure 6, the GGLP board as-

signs multiple user access to the SMP boards for concurrent pro-
cessing as per the load sharing policy. This increases the sys-
tem concurrent processing performance on control interface ser-
vices. For media interface messages, multiuser media interface
data is shared between the multi GGUP boards for processing,
which increases media interface processing performance. Multi
GGLP boards adopts the processing mode with no difference, which
ensures that the messages and data messages received from dif-
ferent GGLP can be forwarded in the same rules. with the increase
of GGLP board, device interface bandwidth is also expanded allow-
ing the device to provide transmitting and receiving throughput
with higher performance.
Minimum The minimum configuration for AGW is as shown in Figure 7, in
Configuration for which GGLP and GGUP can be replaced anywhere from slot 1-slot
AGW 6.
FIGURE 7 MINIMUM CONFIGURATION FOR AGW

Note:
Theoretically, GGLP and GGUP boards can be inserted in slot 1 6
with mixed insertion, but for a sense of order during installation,
it’s better to insert in certain sequence. Usually insert GGLP board
from the left side while insert GGUP board from the right side.
Typical In case of single shelf, typical configuration for the BPSNE in AGW
Configuration is as shown in Figure 8.
of AGW (Single-
Shelf)
FIGURE 8 TYPICAL CONFIGURATION FOR SINGLE-SHELF AGW
Note:
RGEP is the rear board when BPSNE shelf provides four GE inter-
faces, and it must be configured when the GE interface on GGLP
is used as electrical interface.
Typical In case of dual shelves, the typical configuration for dual-shelf

Configuration of AGW is as shown in Figure 9 and Figure 10.
AGW (Dual-Shelf)

FIGURE 9 TYPICAL CONFIGURATION FOR DUAL-SHELF AGW (BPSNE)
Note:
RGEP is the rear board when BPSNE shelf provides four GE inter-
faces, and it must be configured when the GE interface on GGLP
is used as electrical interface.
FIGURE 10 TYPICAL CONFIGURATION FOR DUAL-SHELF AGW (BCTC)

OMC Hardware
Components
Description The operation and maintenance system provides operators with
functions of operating and maintaining the system and devices.
In ZXMBW AGW, the operation and maintenance system includes
OMC server and OMC client. With hardware, universal PC server
is used as OMC server, and universal PC is used as OMC client.
Elementary The typical configuration for OMC hardware is as shown in Table
Configuration 3, in which the configuration and model are only for recommen-
dation. Users can modify the configuration as required in different
systems.
TABLE 3 TYPICAL HARDWARE CONFIGURATION FOR OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE SYSTEM
Operation and Operation and

Model
Maintenance Server Maintenance Client
CPU For dual CPUs, ≥2.8 GHz) For single CPU, ≥1.8 GHz
Memory ≥2 G ≥1 G
Hardware 2×36 GB (10 Krpm) 40 GB
Two integrated network

Two integrated network
Network Adapter adapters, one network
adapters
Configu-ration for adapter of 100 M
per server
Special Configura- One RAID card integrated -
tion with mother board
Display adapter/17#color
Integrated display display/optical
Other Configura-
adapter/disk driver/dual driver/mouse/HP
tion
power supplies LJ5000LE or similar
printer
DELL2850 DELL2850
Recommended Models
HP DL380 G5 HP DL380 G5
Note:
Specific number of the operation and maintenance clients should
be decided as required in each system.

Alarm System Hardware

Components
Description ZXMBW AGW has comparatively desirable alarm system, including
foreground alarm system, OMC server-end alarm system, OMC
client-end alarm system and alarm box.
Alarm System The schematic diagram for the alarm system is as shown in Figure
Components 11.
FIGURE 11 ALARM SYSTEM
Functions of The functions of each component are described in Table 4.

Components
TABLE 4 FUNCTIONS OF EACH COMPONENT
Component Function
Collecting and processing alarm messages in

AGW foreground alarm
AGW, executing background man-machine
system
command, and then feeding back the results.
OMC server-end alarm Processing storing and forwarding messages,

system and controlling alarm box.
Displaying, querying, and printing

OMC client-end alarm
alarm messages, rack charm, executing
system
man-machine commands.
Showing the system running status with

Alarm box
indicator lights and loudspeaker.
Alarm Box The core of the alarm box is the CPU processor, which receives
alarm messages sent from the background through Ethernet inter-

face. Alarm box prompts the faults of the system in various forms,
such as tones, lights, LCD display, short messages and files.
Besides tones, lights and LCD display, alarm box has handset mod-
ule and Modem module, which transmit alarm messages in wire-
less mode. It is possible to send a large number of messages to
the control center through dialing Modem. The handset module is
generally built in the alarm box. Additionally, external handsets
can be connected to the alarm box through RS232/RS485 inter-
face to implement identical functions.


Chapter 3
AGW Software Structure
Table of Contents
AGW Software Components ................................................21
AGW Software Subsystems .................................................22
AGW Foreground Software Components................................26
OMC Software Components.................................................28
AGW Software Components

Software AGW software corresponds to AGW hardware. The software for
Components AGW boards is version software, and OMC software is used to im-
plement operation and maintenance.
Software The AGW software are classified into two, foreground software for
Classifications running AGW boards and background software for OMC.
� Foreground running software
This software refers to the version software loaded in each
board of AGW foreground, including version software for all
boards and configuration information.
� Background OMC software
This software is used for AGW OMC.
Hardware and In AGW system, the correspondence between hardware and soft-
Software Relation ware is as described in Table 5.
TABLE 5 CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE
Hardware Correspondent Software
AGW foreground Version software of AGW system
OMC server Software for OMC server
OMC client Software for OMC client
Installation Mode All software in AGW are installed after hardware installation is com-
plete. For installation details refer to ZXMBW AGW WiMAX Wireless
Access Gateway Software Installation Guide.

AGW Software Subsystems

AGW Software Subsystems
Introduction
Description AGW software can be divided into multiple subsystems, including:
� Service processing subsystem
� Operating system subsystem
� System control subsystem
� Carrier subsystem
� OAM and network management subsystem
� Database subsystem
Structure Diagram The structure diagram for AGW software is as shown in Figure 12.
FIGURE 12 AGW SOFTWARE STRUCTURE
Service Processing Subsystem

Description The functions of the service subsystem include:
� Providing the system with upper-layer signaling control chan-
nel users required to enjoy wireless service;
� Maintaining and managing service data channel.

Chapter 3 AGW Software Structure
Frame Diagram The frame diagram for AGW service processing subsystem is as
shown in Figure 13.
FIGURE 13 FRAME DIAGRAM FOR AGW SERVICE PROCESSING SUBSYSTEM
Operating System Subsystem

Description Operating system subsystem is based on the commercial operating
system. It provides running platform for upper-layer application.
Apart from this, this subsystem provides supports for running of
processes in scheduler, timer, and process communication.
Components Operating system subsystem includes:
� Process scheduler, memory management, device manage-
ment, timer management, and file system based on single
processor.

� Process communication module, process synchronization mod-

ule and mutual exclusion module based on mul-processors.
System Control Subsystem

Description System control subsystem implements controlling and manage-
ment of the entire system, maintaining the status of the boards
and ports of the system.
� Through controlling the system version and power on se-
quence, it collects the running information about the system
and implements system management.
� It provides interfaces with background. The maintenance per-
sonnel can perform some privileged operations on the system.
� It provides perfect version management scheme, ensuring that
each board acquires correct version while booting up or updat-
ing.
Components The system control subsystem is divided into the following mod-
ules:
� Master control module
This module acquires elementary configuration information
about the boards, controls process loading and handover of
active/standby boards.
� Status management module
This module monitors the online status of each board in the
system, acquires configuration information about various re-
sources, and manages status.
� Real-time status monitoring module
This module monitors the running status of each board, in-
cluding monitoring of CPU usage, memory usage, and resource
status of each board.
� Version management module
This module manages system version, including version update
initiated from background, and version downloading.
� Boot module
This module implements self-boot of boards, version down-
loading and loading. Version downloading function is closely
related to the version management policy. Boot module co-
operates with the version management module to acquire and
update board version.
Carrier Subsystem
Description Carrier subsystem (BRS) is the service layer, receiving and sending
control-plane signaling.

Components In term of function, the carrier subsystem can be divided into the
following modules:
� Link layer module
� Network transmission layer module
� Elementary high layer module
� Tunnel protocol module
� Dynamic route module
� Route table management module
� NAT management module
OAM and Network Management

Subsystem
Description OAM and the network management subsystem are the means with
which the maintenance personnel configure, manage, and main-
tain the system.
OAM and the network management subsystem provides unified in-
terface between the platform and the network management back-
ground. Through this interface, the protocols used for the platform
and signaling are configured and managed, and necessary statis-
tics are provided. OAM and the network management subsystem
works above the operating system subsystem, database subsys-
tem, and carrier subsystem.
The operation and maintenance subsystem complies with standard
TMN structure. It can be divided into three parts:
� Foreground
� Server
� Client
Foreground The foreground part resides on each NE under management. It
interacts with the OAM server to provide operation information for
NEs. Specifically, it performs the following tasks:
� Collecting and reporting alarm messages.
� Synchronizing alarm messages.
� Executing man-machine command.
� Executing diagnosis command.
� Processing configuration and management data.
� Collecting performance statistical data.
� Collecting service and signaling information.
The foreground program communicates with the network man-
agement server through Ethernet interface, responses to various
instructions sent from the server, and feeds back the results.
Server Server module is the core of the OAM subsystem, it resolves and
executes the operation instructions sent from the client, and then

sends the instructions to the foreground. It also feeds back the

results from the foreground to the client.
It implements the following functions:
� Network management.
� Network agent.
� NEs concentration and adaptation.
� Superior network management access.
� FTP server functions.
� Network management center, implementing performance
management, configuration management, alarm manage-
ment, network diagnosis and local maintenance.
� Performing cascade control, centralized control and reverse op-
erations.
Client Client module is the user interface of the OAM subsystem. It pro-
vides visualized interfaces for users, operates and controls the in-
terfaces of various maintenance NEs, generates various operation
commands and sends them to the server.
Functions of OAM OAM subsystem has powerful management capability, providing
centralized control on AGW network elements. It has strong net-
working capability and provides cascaded control, reverse oper-
ations. The subsystem accesses to Wide Area Network through
routers, implementing remote access. The Qx network manage-
ment interface standard provides the network management with
powerful interface control function, with two processing modes,
graphic interfaces and command lines.
Database Subsystem
Description As the data center of the ZXMBW AGW system, the database sub-
system runs on each switching module.
Functions Database subsystem provides data support for application layer,
signaling layer, system restart, system test and traffic statistics.
It also maintains the database itself to ensure integrity and con-
sistency of database foreground and background, active/standby
processors and N+M mode backed-up subscriber plane boards.
AGW Foreground Software

Components
Description The software for AGW foreground refers to version files and con-
figuration information, which ensures successful loading of each
board.
Components and Independent of each other, AGW foreground version files corre-
Functions spond to various boards in AGW foreground. For details, refer to
Table 6.

TABLE 6 AGW FOREGROUND VERSION SOFTWARE
Module Version Files Remark
GGSN_MPX86_MP_X86_ZXMBW-AGW_Z_T.BIN
MPx86 CPU model: X86
MPX86_05_040202_FPGA_105.RBF
GGSN_MPX86_2_MP_P4_ZXMBW-AGW_Z_T.BIN
CPU model: P4
MPx86_2
Centrino
MPX862_04_040704_FPGA_107.RBF
RPUx86 GGSN_MPX86_RPU_X86_ZXMBW-AGW_Z_T.BIN CPU model: X86
CPU model: P4
RPUx86_2 GGSN_MPX86_2_RPU_P4_ZXMBW-AGW_Z_T.BIN
Centrino
GGSN_PSN_PSN_852_ZXMBW-AGW_Z_T.BIN
PSN PSN version file
GGSN_PSN_PSN_860_ZXMBW-AGW_Z_T.BIN
GGSN_CHUB_CHUB_8245_ZXMBW-AGW_Z_T.BIN
CHUB CHUB version file
GGSN_CHUB_CHUB_8260_ZXMBW-AGW_Z_T.BIN
GGSN_XPB_GGLP_XLR_1_ZXMBW-
AGW_VXWORKS_T.BIN
GGLP GGSN_XPB_GGLP_XLR_2_ZXMBW- GGLP version file

AGW_VXWORKS_T.BIN
GGSN_XPB_GGLP_XLR_ZXMBW-AGW_Z_T.BIN
GGSN_XPB_GGUP_XLR_1_ZXMBW-
AGW_VXWORKS_T.BIN
GGUP GGSN_XPB_GGUP_XLR_2_ZXMBW- GGUP version file

AGW_VXWORKS_T.BIN
GGSN_XPB_GGUP_XLR_ZXMBW-AGW_Z_T.BIN
XPB_01_070801_FPGA_104.BIN
XPB XPB FPGA file
XPB_01_070801_FPGA_GE4FE8_105.BIN
GGSN_UIM_2_UIM_755_ZXMBW-AGW_Z_T.BIN
UIM_2 GGSN_UIM_2_UIM_8260_ZXMBW-AGW_Z_T.BIN UIM_2 version file
UIM2_03_060201_FPGA_UIMT_111.BIN

Note:
The version files listed in Table 6 are only for reference. The files
ending with bin, and .uof, vary with different version numbers.
And FPGA file corresponds to the number of PCB on site. Different
PCBs correspond to different PFGA files.
OMC Software Components

Description Operation and maintenance center (OMC) provides daily operation
and maintenance for AGW foreground. Besides, it provides alarm
management, performance statistics, etc.
OMC refers to OMC server and OMC client (operation and main-
tenance console), utilizing ZTE unified network management and
operation platform.
Components and OMC server software for AGW is installed in Linux server, and the
Functions client software is installed in universal PC. Table 7 lists the specific
software:
TABLE 7 SPECIFIC SOFTWARE FOR OMC
Operat-
Data-
Server ing Sys- Software Function
base
tem
Used to configure
Unified Network AGW, coordinating
OMC Management with foreground
Klinux Oracle
server System devices to manage
(Server) boards and
modules of AGW
Connected
with OMC
Unified Network
OMC Windows - server, providing
Management
client System configuration
System (Client)
and maintenance
interface

Chapter 4
Interfaces and Protocols
Table of Contents
Interfaces Introduction.......................................................29
Interfaces between AGW and BS .........................................30
Interfaces between AGW and CSN .......................................31
Interfaces Inter-AGW .........................................................31
Interfaces between AGW and OMC .......................................31
GRE Protocol.....................................................................32
RADIUS Protocol ...............................................................32
MIP Protocol .....................................................................32
DHCP Protocol...................................................................34
Interfaces Introduction
Description This chapter introduces interfaces and communication protocols
used in AGW.
Context Interfaces include those between devices inside AGW and those
between internal devices and external devices.
Interfaces mean two aspects: one is the hardware connection
mode of an interface. The other is the protocols used for the inter-
face. In this sense, interfaces are closely related to communication
protocols.
The interfaces included in AGW are as shown in Figure 14.

FIGURE 14 INTERFACES IN AGW
In Figure 14, each functional module is connected through Ether-

net. And interface information is carried utilizing UDP/IP protocol.
Interfaces between AGW

and BS
Description The interface between AGW and BS is alternatively called as R6
interface, with the data carrier channel based on GRE.
Functions R6 interfaces are available for control plane and carrier plane. Con-
trol plane R6 interface is used to maintain level-2 session. The
maintenance related toAAA/DHCP/DNS/MIP is implemented at the
carrier plane of R3 interface and R6 interface.
� Carrier plane interfaces supports creating and releasing of the
data channel between BS and AGW.
� Control plane interfaces controls creating, modifying, and re-
leasing of IP tunnel, supports user paging and broadcast, sup-
ports protocol transmission between AAA, DHCP, DNS, and MIP.

Chapter 4 Interfaces and Protocols

and CSN
Description The interface between AGW and CSN is alternatively called as R3
interface, including a series of protocols for control plane and car-
rier plane. R3 interface supports AAA, policy execution and mobil-
ity management.
Functions R3 interfaces include interfaces for carrier plane interfaces and
control plane interfaces.
� Carrier plane interfaces support IP tunnel between AGW and
CSN.
� Control plane interfaces support creating, releasing control of
IP tunnel, IP address allocation.
Interfaces Inter-AGW
Description The interfaces inter-AGW can also be called as R4 interfaces. Mes-
sages are initiated and terminated through the control and carrier
plane protocols of R4 interface. Between similar or different ASNs,
R4 interfaces are the unique reference node shared by all function
entities internal ASN.
Functions R4 interface supports signaling messages at control plane and car-
rier plane of the function entities internal ASN or inter-ASN.
� Control plane signaling messages implement data path creat-
ing and deleting, and create/release the tunnels between the
function entities internal ASN or between ASNs.
� Carrier plane signaling messages implement management on
the data tunnels between the function entities internal ASN or
inter-ASNs.

and OMC
Description The interface between AGW and OMC is called as network man-
agement interface.
Functions Having powerful management capability, network management in-
terface provides centralized control on various network elements.
It has exellent networking capacity and provides cascaded control
and reverse operations. The interface is connected to Wide Area
Network through routers, implementing remote access.

GRE Protocol
Description GRE protocol is the IP layer data encapsulation tunnel protocol
defined by IETF in RFC1401. With GRE protocol, the data mes-
sages of users can be encapsulated in GRE tunnel and transmitted
between two nodes on the network. Thus, the user data can be
transmitted without limited by route transmission rule.
WiMAX defines that GRE protocol can be utilized to encapsulate
user data while transmitting user data between BS and AGW.
RADIUS Protocol
Description RADIUS is short for Remote Authentication Dial In User Ser-
vice is the standard protocol used in communication industry, as
described in RFC 2865 and RFC 2866.
Functions RADIUS protocol is used to provide identity authentication, autho-
rization and accounting services.
RADIUS client (generally dial-in server, VPN server or wireless ac-
cess node) sends user credential and connection parameter infor-
mation to RADIUS server in form of RADIUS messages. RADIUS
server authenticates the identities of RADIUS client and performs
authorization, then returns RADIUS message response. RADIUS
client also sends RADIUS accounting messages to RADIUS server.
RADIUS Agent RADIUS standard supports RADIUS agent, which refers to the
computers forwarding RADIUS messages between computers in
which RADIUS is utilized.
MIP Protocol
Context Mobile IP is a kind of computer network communication protocol,
which can guarantee that the computer can access the Internet
uninterruptedly during the course of mobility, without changing
the IP address of the current network, or interrupting the ongoing
network communication or network applications.
The Mobile IP technology can solve the problem that TCP/IPv4 does
not support roaming of the network terminal. The Mobile IP sys-
tem is usually composed of the Mobile IP server and Mobile IP
client software. The Mobile IP technology is a value-added service,
has no special requirements for network equipment and topology
structure. Moreover, Mobile IP supports both wired and wireless
network environments.
Description Mobile IP is a RFC 2002 "IP Mobility Support" standard specified by
IETF. Mobile IP only uses three components: Mobile Host, Home
Agent and Foreign Agent, which is the advantage of the Mobile IP.
Other parts in the network need not be changed, such as DNS.
Process Mobile IP is implemented in three steps:

Chapter 4 Interfaces and Protocols
1. Acquiring Care-of-Address
Home Agent and Foreign Agent perform broadcast at intervals
and send packets associated with Care-of-Address to each BS
of WiMAX. If there is mobile host accessing through aerial port,
Care-of-Address can be acquired.
2. Registering Care-of-Address
Mobile host requests service from Foreign Agent, which in turn
requests service from Home Agent. Home Agent tells Foreign
Agent whether the request is approved or not. And then For-
eign Agent broadcasts the result to mobile host.
3. Tunneling to the Care-of-Address
After receiving a packet, Home Agent adds a new header be-
fore the packet utilizing encapsulation technologies. The orig-
inal header remains unchanged. Then Home Agent sends the
packet to Foreign Agent. Foreign Agent receives the packet
and removes the added header and then sends the packet to
mobile host.
Encapsulation technologies include two, IP-within-IP (RFC
2003) and Encapsulation (RFC 2004)
Advantages Mobile IP has the following advantages:
� It supports mobile mode. Users can access to their LAN from
different network sections. Thus implement mobile and remote
office.
� It has strong security. While users using Mobile IP function,
they should experience login authentication at the mobile IP
server. This authentication is automatically done by the system
and requires no operations.
� User management is easy. Each user is allocated with a fixed
IP address. Users can be managed based on IP addresses.
� It supports two-way access. Users on business trip can access
the server over Internet network, nodes. And other network
devices can access to the mobile host.
� It has secure tunnel. While utilizing mobile IP technology, a
two-way tunnel is created between mobile IP servers. Thus
implement secure transmission of user data.
CMIP and PMIP According to the ability of MS (Mobile Station) supporting MIP, MIP
can fall into two modes: CMIP and PMIP.
� CMIP: Client MIP. MS supports MIP protocol stack, and can act
as the client of the MIP to implement the functions required by
Mobile IP.
� PMIP: Proxy MIP, which is a deformation of the standard mo-
bile IP frame. In this implementation mode, the mobile sub-
scriber client need not have the Mobile IP function. Instead the
ZXMBW AGW will realize the MIP function, and the implemen-
tation of the Mobile IP is transparent for subscribers.

DHCP Protocol
Description DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) implements alloca-
tion of dynamic addresses.
In WiMAX, DHCP is used in Simple IP and PMIP to acquire host
address and configuration. In AGW, as A-DPF entity, and in DHCP
Proxy mode, AGW acts as DHCP server. In DHCP Relay mode, AGW
acts as DHCP Relay Agent.
DHCP Control AGW processes DHCP messages as different roles depending on
Message different operations of WiMAX terminal and AGW.
DHCP messages between WiMAX terminal and AGW are transmit-
ted through the data carrier channel (generally, GRE tunnel)for
media plane. If DHCP server is independent of AGW, and if AGW
acts as DHCP Relay Agent, the messages between AGW and DHCP
server are forwarded through normal route.

Chapter 5
System Capability
Table of Contents
Basic Services ...................................................................35
Supplementary Services .....................................................37
Basic Services
Description ZXMBW AGW provides all mobile data service in WiMAX network.
For detailed functions, refer to ZXMBW AGW WiMAX Wireless Ac-
cess Gateway Feature Description.
Elementary The basic services in ZXMBW AGW are as described in Table 8.
Services
TABLE 8 ELEMENTARY FUNCTIONS OF AGW
Function Type Function Name
Users access to network
Users exit from network
Simple IP User access User authentication function
MS triggers periodic re-authentication
AGW triggers periodic re-authentication
R8 messages between BSs go through R6 interface

Switch between Different BSs in-
Switching port internal BS
ternal AGW
Switching internal AGW between BSs
Enter Idle mode
Exit Idle mode
Paging
IDLE mode and paging
Normal position update
Shutdown to exit under Idle mode
Idle Mode timeout processing can be configured

Pre-service stream tunnel creation
Data channel management Pre-service stream tunnel deletion
Pre-service stream tunnel modification
Node management Management of node between AGW and BS
SMP CPU load access control

Service access control
SMP NE context resource access control
Radius offline accounting capability negotiation
Radius offline accounting beginning
Radius offline accounting timely report intermediate ac-

Offline accounting based on counting messages
IP-Session
Radius offline accounting rate switching report
Radius offline accounting terminating
Report intermediate accounting information when entering

and exiting Idle mode
NAP Sharing One AGW can access multiple NSPs.
Dynamically acquiring IP address based on DHCP Relay

mode
Simple IP user address manage- Dynamically leasing IP address based on DHCP Relay mode
ment
Releasing IP address based on DHCP Relay mode
Allocating IP address from local address pool of AGW
AGW GGLP load sharing
AGW GGUP load sharing
High availability AGW GGUP N+M backup
AGW SMP load sharing
Active/standby AGW SMPs
Daily Maintenance
Signaling Trace
Fault Management
Operation and Maintenance
Performance Management
MML Terminal
Log Management

Chapter 5 System Capability
Professional Maintenance
Security Management
System Management
Supplementary Services
Description The suplementary services provided by ZXMBW AGW refer to op-
tional services apart from basic services. For details, refer to
ZXMBW AGW WiMAX Wireless Access Gateway Feature Descrip-
tion.
Complementary The functions of the complementary services of ZXMBW AGW are
Service Functions as described in Table 9.
TABLE 9 FUNCTIONS OF COMPLEMENTARY SERVICES
VLAN VPN
Access VPN dedicated net-
work
GRE VPN
Reverse IP in IP tunnel between FA and HA

Mobile IP sharing
Dynamic/static HA allocation
Proxy mobile IP connection based on DHCP Proxy is created
Proxy mobile IP registration based on DHCP Proxy is updated
MS initiates Proxy Mobile IP session logoff

Proxy Mobile IP
AGW initiates Proxy Mobile IP session logoff
HA initiates Proxy Mobile IP session logoff
AAA initiates Proxy Mobile IP session logoff
MS sends route request
FA acts as an agent to perform broadcast
Client mobile IP connection is created
Client mobile IP registration is updated

Client Mobile IP
MS initiates Client Mobile IP session logoff
AGW initiates Client Mobile IP session logoff
HA initiates Client Mobile IP session logoff
AAA initiates Client Mobile IP session logoff

Client Mobile IP session authentication and authorization
Report the accounting beginning when service flow is estab-

lished
Report the accounting ending when service flow is deleted

Offline Accounting Based on
PD-Flow Report intermediate accounting periodically based on service
flow
Report intermediate accounting information when entering and

exiting Idle mode
Negotiation on online accounting based on IP-Session
Applying subsequent follow up quota flow
Quota exhausted processing

Online accounting based on
Pre-pay resources are released caused by MS de-registration
IP-Session
On-line accounting rate switching
IP-Session pre-pay based on time duration
IP-session pre-pay based on traffic

Chapter 6
General Features
Table of Contents
Processing Capability .........................................................39
Standard Signaling Interface Compliance ..............................40
Convenience in Operation ...................................................40
Modular Design .................................................................41
Reliability .........................................................................42
Processing Capability
Definition The processing capability of AGW depends on the configuration of
boards in AGW foreground.
The number of SMP and GGUP in AGW decides the processing ca-
pability of AGW for number of online users and data traffic.
Implementing All boards of AGW utilize high-performance network processors to
Measures implement wire-speed distributing and processing of data. Ded-
icated data forwarding engine uses high-performance RISC pro-
cessors specialized for communication function, having a cache of
large capacity up to 2.5G, supporting fast data searching and for-
warding in hardware.
Indexes Performance indexes can reflect the quality of general specifica-
tions supported by AGW system under specified configuration, and
AGW performance indexes are as shown in Table 10.
TABLE 10 AGW PERFORMANCE INDEXES
Single Shelf Dual-shelf

Name Configuration Configuration
Indexes Indexes
Throughput 6Gbps 10Gbps
User number 100,000 600,000
Flow tunnel 400,000 2,400,000
Number of users con-

currently accessed 150 900
per second
Max packet forward-

3Mpps 5Mpps
ing speed

Note:
Above-mentioned performance indexes are based on AGW stan-
dard configuration, and can be used only as a reference. The per-
formance indexes of every functional entity under different config-
urations may vary.
Standard Signaling Interface

Compliance
Definition Standard interconnection compliance indicates whether the sys-
tem utilizes standard protocol interfaces and if the system can
easily interface with devices manufactured by vendors other than
ZTE.
Description AGW can interface with products complying with international
WiMAX specifications and standards.
Implementing The interface between AGW and BS complies with R6 interface
Method specifications, and the interface between AGW and CSN complies
with R3 interface specifications.
Convenience in Operation
Definition For convenience in daily maintenance of the operators, the sys-
tem should have friendly man-machine interfaces for operation
and management.
Description AGW OMC is based on the unified network management platform,
and utilize the operating system Windows and database Oracle.
These operating systems and database systems are universal and
commonly used; therefore, is convenient for the subscribers to
operate
OMC provides graphical management interfaces for the operators
to manage the network elements of the system.
Implementing Physically, OMC is divided into two parts, foreground and back-
Method ground. The communication between the two parts is based on
standard TCP/IP protocol.
OMC provides cascaded control, reverse operation, accessing to
wide area network through routes to implement remote access. It
supports Qx network management interface standard and provides
interface control function. The network elements are managed in
two ways, graphic interfaces and command line.
Modules of OMC OMC includes the following functional modules:
� Daily Maintenance

Chapter 6 General Features
� Signaling Trace
� Fault Management
� Performance Management
� MML Terminal
� Log Management
� Professional Maintenance
� Security Management
� System Management
Modular Design
Definition The system is divided into a number of functional modules, which
are independent of each other.
AGW is built up with two functional modules, AGW foreground and
OMC. This architecture has desirable compatibility and expansion
and is flexible enough for capacity expansion and version update.
Additionally, alarm boxes are equipped with AGW to display alarm
information in real time.
AGW Foreground AGW hardware system is based on ZTE V3 platform and is designed
by software modules and hardware modules. The operators can
add boards, shelves or cabinets to meet the requirements for user
number and system capacity.
OMC OMC includes foreground module, server module, and client mod-
ule.
� Foreground
OMC foreground resides on each managed board, and provides
interactivity between NEs together with OMC server through
collecting, reporting, and synchronizing alarm messages, ex-
ecuting man-machine commands and diagnostic commands,
processing configuration data, collecting performance statis-
tics, and collecting signaling information of various services.
� Server
Server module is the core of the operation and maintenance
subsystem. It resolves and executes various operation com-
mands sent from client. After executing the commands, it
sends the result to the foreground, and sends the result fed
back from the foreground to the client.
� Client
Client module is the interface for OMC and the operator.
Through client, interfaces for various maintenance NEs are
operated and controlled. And various operation commands
are given and sent to OMC server.
Multiple OMC clients can be set as needed.
Alarm Box ZTE unified alarm box is used. It is possible to add more alarm
boxes in the system.

Implementing The features of the modules mentioned above are implemented as

Measure described in Table 11.
TABLE 11 MEASURES FOR IMPLEMENTING FEATURES OF EACH MODULE
Mod- Measures
ule
Cabinets of AGW are easy to be assembled and disassembled

for convenient debugging and maintenance. The front and
back doors are double direction doorsand the side plates
AGW are on hanger.
Cabinet in AGW is configured to contain four service shelves,

but it depends on the number of the subscribers.
OMC server uses universal commercial server as hosts, the

OMC performance of which can be improved through updating the
hardware (including CPU and memory).
The prompts for alarm levels on the alarm box are very
obvious and evident enough to get the attention of the
Alarm maintenance personnel. LCD displays detailed alarm
Box information. The buttons and keys are arranged in order for
the convenience in operating and configuration. The alarm
box has small volume and is light weight for easy installation.
Reliability
Description Reliability of the system refers to the availability of the system.
The parameter is related with the Mean Time Between Failures
(MTBF) and the Mean Time To Repair (MTTR) of the system. The
index corresponding to reliability is defined as a percentage.
Reliability=MTBF / (MTBF+MTTR)*100%
MTBF of AGW is above 100,000 hours, MTTR is less than 30 sec-
onds, so the reliability exceeds 99.999%.
Implementing In AGW, reliability of the system is increased through utilizing the
Measures following technologies:
1. Key parts are backed up in active/standby mode or load sharing
mode.
� PSN utilizes in active/standby backup mode, hot backup
mode. These boards automatically hand over upon faults
occurring to ensure continuous running of the system.
� The controlling mode is dual computer plus dual buses, the
network is dual-network structured.
� Security protection measures are taken to control authori-
ties in different levels.
� The software platform of OMC server uses Windows oper-
ating system. Combining with the commercial database
management function of Oracle, it can guarantee the secu-
rity and reliability to access data real time.
2. Powerful failure positioning ability

Chapter 6 General Features
The system provides powerful failure positioning and signaling

tracing system to locate the failures with the boards and even
some slots.
Comparative Comparative advantages of AGW system in reliability are listed in
Advantages Table 12.
TABLE 12 COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGES IN RELIABILITY
Advantages If
Measure Risk If Not Adopted
Adopted
Automatically
Activate/Standby hand over when
More frequent
Servers and Warm failure occurs, the
single-point Failure
Backup system running is
uninterrupted.
Security guaranteeing
Hierarchical Control in Poor Security of
system without being
Authorities Network
invaded by others.
Automatically
hand over when
Service is more
Load Sharing failure occurs, the
frequently interrupted
system running is
uninterrupted.
Dual-network Unblocked Poor Stability of

structure Communication. Network


Chapter 7
Physical Characteristics
Table of Contents
Physical Characteristics of AGW Cabinet ...............................45
Physical Charactersitics of Alarm Box ...................................48
Physical Characteristics of
AGW Cabinet
Description AGW foreground cabinet adopts B6080-20B simple cabinet. Four
service shelves can be installed within the cabinet. And boards are
installed in service shelves to implement functions of AGW. The fan
shelf is installed with fan module, and the power shelf is installed
with power board, providing power output for other shelves. Cable
rack provides cable tray for fiber or network cable.
Note:
AGW cabinet design standard complies with CompactPCI Interna-
tional Standard Specifications.
Appearance The appearance of AGW cabinet is as shown in Figure 15.

FIGURE 15 APPEARANCE OF AGW CABINET
Structure Dual-channel power cabinet system is composed of cabinet, power

distribution subrack, service subrack, fan subrack, Air deflection
subrack, which meets the requirements for different configura-
tions. A single cabinet comprises three or four shelves (without
wind deflection subrack) for its full configuration. The internal lay-
out of the cabinet with three shelves for its full configuration is as
shown in Figure 16.

Chapter 7 Physical Characteristics
FIGURE 16 AGW CABINET STRUCTURE LAYOUT
1. Power Subrack (2U) 7. Service Subrack (9U)

2. Empty Subrack (1U) 8. Air Deflection Subrack(3U)
3. Fan Subrack (1U) 9. Fan Subrack (1U)
4. Service Subrack (9U) 10. Service Subrack (9U)
5. Air Deflection Subrack (3U) 11. Blank Panel (3U)
6. Fan Subrack (1U) 12. Dust Net
Cabinet Color AGW cabinet main part is in blue color, and two side sections of
door panel is in light silver color.

Size The overall size of AGW cabinet is 2000mm×598mm×800mm

(Height × Width × Depth), and the width excludes the side door,
and each side door is 50mm in width.
Internal Space AGW cabinet internal capacity height is 42U, and internal width is
Capacity 19 inches.
Weight The maximum weight of AGW cabinet is about 350kg.
Usage Environ- Normal requirements scopefor AGW cabinet on temperature and
ment humidity is shown as follows:
� Humidity Scope: 0 ℃ ~ 40 ℃
� Temperature Scope: 20 % ~ 90 %
Reference For the details of AGW foreground cabinet, please refer to ZXMBW
AGW WiMAX Wireless Access Gateway Hardware Description.
Physical Charactersitics of
Alarm Box
Description Alarm box is generally installed on the walls of maintenance or
monitoring room for the on-duty staff to view and operate. It is
connected with the background operation and maintenance sys-
tem via Ethernet.
Appearance View Alarm box appearance is shown in Figure 17.
FIGURE 17 APPEARANCE VIEW OF ALARM BOX
Size The overall size of the alarm box is 210 mm×300 mm×52 mm
(Height × Width × Depth).
Weight The alarm box has a weight of 2 kg.

Chapter 8
Electrical Characterist
ics
Table of Contents
Electrical Characteristics of AGW Cabinet ..............................49
Electrical Features of Alarm Box ..........................................49
Electrical Characteristics of
AGW Cabinet
Overview In order to guarantee the security and stability of AGW cabinet, DC
power is supplied for each AGW cabinet in two circuits respectively
from different DC distributing cabinets.
Power Supply AGW cabinet uses DC power of -48 V.
Type
Input Voltage The rated voltage of the DC power used in AGW cabinet is -48 V
The input voltage of the DC power is within -57 V~ -40 V.
Electrical Features of Alarm

Box
Description Alarm box is supplied with direct current power and the power ca-
ble is directly connected to the direct current distributing cabinet.
Input Power Type The alarm box uses DC power supply of -48 V.
Input Voltage The input voltage in the alarm box is in the range of -57 V~ -40 V.
Power of Alarm The power of an alarm box is 20 W.
Box


Chapter 9
Environment
Requirements
Table of Contents
Grounding Requirement......................................................51
Temperature and Humidity Requirements..............................52
Electromagnetic Radiation Protection Requirements................53
Ventilation Requirements ....................................................54
Fireproofing Requirement ...................................................55
Lighting Requirements .......................................................55
Anti-Electrostatic Requirements ...........................................56
Lightning Protection Requirements .......................................58
Neatness Requirements ......................................................60
Earthquake Resistance Capability Requirements.....................62
Grounding Requirement
Description To guarantee long-time security, stability, and reliability of the sys-
tem, decrease the failure rate of devices caused by environmental
factors, and prolong the lifetime of devices, the grounding condi-
tion of the devices should meet the recommended requirements.
Significance Grounding plays an important role in guaranteeing a good electro-
magnetic condition and anti-interference ability of the operating
environment of the principal and auxiliary equipment in the sys-
tem, which requires high attention.
Required Index Grounding resistance must be less than 1 Ω, thus various factors
that affect the grounding resistance shall be taken into account,
such as the soil condition, resistances of grounding devices and
grounding cables.
� Soil type influences the grounding resistance. For areas with
poor soil conditions, auxiliary chemical agents (such as prope-
namide) may be used around the grounding post to reduce the
soil resistance and the contact resistance between the soil and
the grounding post.
Temperature and humidity also affects the grounding resis-
tance. When the temperature is lower than 0℃ or the humidity
is too low, the grounding resistance varies greatly. Hence, the
grounding post may be buried deeply and the chemical auxil-
iaries may be added to meet the requirements for grounding
resistance.

� Connecting cables between the grounding post and the ground-

ing bolt on principal equipment of the system should be made
of copper core, with a large-enough cross section area gener-
ally no less than 50 mm2. These cables must be as short as
possible. The cross section area of the copper wire should be
further enlarged when the length exceeds 50 m.
Both ends of the connection wire should experience tinning or
thermal tin dipping processing, and the coating, varnish, paint
and oxidized layer should be removed from the fastening points
to guarantee good contact between the two metal surfaces.
The grounding posts should be angle irons not less than 2 m in
length, and the ground grid is preferred if conditions permit.
� Before commissioning, carriers should measure the accurate
ground resistance and provide data for the engineers of ZTE.
If the grounding resistance does not meet the requirement,
no commissioning can get started until accepted by relevant
departments of ZTE.
Temperature and Humidity

Requirements
Description To guarantee long-time security, stability and reliability of the sys-
factor, and prolong the lifetime of devices, the temperature and
humidity should meet the requirements of ZXMBW AGW.
Significance If the temperature and humidity within the equipment room is too
high or too low, the lifetime of the devices may be shortened.
Required Index In order to ensure that the environmental condition of the de-
vices meets the recommended requirement, air-conditioner and
ventilation equipment must be installed. Generally, yearly-oper-
ated air-conditioner should be arranged in main equipment room,
and seasonal air-conditioner in auxiliary equipment room accord-
ing to actual conditions (climate and economic conditions of the
subscribers) must be installed.
The basic requirements for air-conditioners are as followed:
� Humidity Scope: 20%~90%
� Temperature Scope: 0℃~40℃
Reference The capacity of the ventilation system of the air-conditioner is de-
termined by calculating the heating quantity of the main devices
in the system, plus the heat from the exterior heat resources (e.g.
heat from the sunlight into the equipment room through windows
and walls, heat from the maintenance personnel and the heat
brought in by the maintenance personnel from outside).
For the purpose of security and reliability by the air-conditioner and
ventilation system, double sets of air-conditioners are required,
especially in the main equipment room. The capacity of the each
set should be at least more than half of the required total capacity
for the air-conditioner.

Chapter 9 Environment Requirements
Sealing condition of the equipment room should not be damaged

while installing the air-conditioner. In addition, the ratio of fresh
air into the equipment room should be no less than 5%, to guar-
antee fresh air.
Since the hot air flow is generally upward moving, cooling provided
for the main equipment of the system adopts the mode of upward
air exhaust. Therefore, when central air-conditioning system is in-
stalled, the ventilation mode may be selected to supply air upward
and return air downward. The air intake is arranged under mov-
able floor for easy cooling of machines. Generally, air supply pipe
is not installed on the top, to ensure that no condensation occurs
at any condition.
Typically, air-conditioners with function of regulating humidity
should be installed in large equipment room, while common
cabinet or window air conditioner will do in small equipment room.
Negative Impact There would be negative impact on the system if the system re-
If Requirements quirements mentioned above are not met. For example, if the
Are Not Met temperature is 10℃ above the normal temperature, the lifetime
of the equipment is reduced by half or so. If the temperature is
too low, the performance of the optical devices, crystals can not
be guaranteed. If the relative humidity is too high for a long time,
the insulating performance of some insulating materials may de-
grade, and even leakage may occur, besides, various metal parts
may get rusted. If the relative humidity is too low for a long time,
the insulating gasket may shrink and cause the fastening bolts to
losen, and it may probably lead to strong electrostatic discharge,
that may cause damage to the CMOS circuit of the equipment.
Electromagnetic Radiation
Protection Requirements
factor, and prolong the lifetime of the devices, the requirements of
ZXMBW AGW for anti-interference from electromagnetic radiation
should be met.
Significance Anti-interference from electromagnetic radiation plays an impor-
tant role in operation of the communication devices, and it affects
the stability, reliability and security of the devices.
Required Index Basic requirements are as follows:
� The electric-field intensity and magnetic-field intensity in the
equipment room should meet the following indices:
� Electric-field Intensity ≤ 130d B (μV/m)
� Magnetic-field intensity ≤ 800 A/m
� Proper shielding and protection measures should be taken in
the equipment room to reduce the interference of equipment
room from the outside electromagnetic environment and the
interference between the devices in the equipment room.

The equipment room should be positioned far away from radio

stations, radar stations with great power and devices with high
frequency and super current. The actual radiation energy ex-
perienced by the equipment room should be controlled below
300 mV/m, and the magnetic-field intensity around the equip-
ment room should be less than 11 Gs.
Negative Impact Negative impact on the system if the requirements mentioned
If Requirements above are not met shows as follows:
are not met
� Electromagnetic interference occurs
The interference resources causing electromagnetic interfer-
ence include corona discharge in power transmission line, elec-
tromagnetic radiation in transformer, electromagnetic radiation
of switch equipment, wave form distortion caused by opera-
tions on huge equipment in power net, space radio frequency,
magnetic field of the earth, external radiation, etc.
These interferences affect the communication devices in such
transmitting mode as capacitance coupling, inductance cou-
pling, electromagnetic wave radiation, common impedance (in-
cluding grounding system) and wires (power cord, signal wire
and supply wire).
� Damage of electromagnetic interference on communication de-
vices
When electromagnetic interference reaches to an extent, fail-
ures may frequently occur, such as communication crosstalk,
block, error code, interruption, etc. That may even lead to the
software confusion when it is more serious, and the equipment
may be damaged.
Ventilation Requirements
Description In order to guarantee long-time security, stability and reliability
of the system, decrease the failure rate of devices caused by en-
vironment factor, and prolong the lifetime of the devices, ventila-
tion equipment should meet corresponding recommended require-
ments of the system.
Significance Ventilation plays an important role in operation of the communi-
cation devices, and it directly affects the stability, reliability and
security of the devices.
Required Index Basic requirements for the air-conditioning devices are as follows:
� Humidity Scope: 20%~90%
� Temperature Scope: 0℃~40℃
To guarantee the security and reliability in operating the ventilation
system in the air-conditioner, double sets of air-conditioners are
required. The capacity of the each set should be at least more
than half of the required total capacity for the air-conditioner.
Sealing condition of the equipment room should not be damaged
while installing the air-conditioner. In addition, the ratio of fresh
air into the equipment room should be not less than 5 % to the
guarantee comparatively fresh air.

Negative Impact Shutting down the air-conditioner may cause sudden raise of tem-
If Requirements perature in equipment room, which may destroy the boards.
are not met
Fireproofing Requirement
Description In order to guarantee the security, stability, and reliability during
the system runs, decrease the failure rate of equipment resulting
from environmental factors, and prolong the lifetime of the equip-
ment, fire-fighting devices should meet the requirements of the
system.
Significance In order to guarantee the security o the equipment in equipment
room, corresponding fire requirement must be met.
Required Index The main building in which the equipment room is located must
meet the relevant requirement of Code for Design of Building Fire
Protection. There must be relevant fire protection and fire channel
according to the local fire fighting regulations. Put the sign panel
with written words Key Unit of Fire Security in proper position.
Inflammable or explosive hazardous materials are not allowed in
the equipment rooms and No smoking sign board must be put
up in obvious position. Available fire protection must be equip-
ment must be placed in easily accessible positions in case of an
emergency, Fire fighting water tank must be and the installed in
proper positions. The quantity of stored water must be no less
than 2 hours fire fighting time. The water supply pipe (including
drainage pipe and rain water pipe) must not traverse the equip-
ment room, and the fire hydrant should not be arranged in the
equipment rooms.
Alarm devices for smoke, high temperature should be installed,
and examined frequently to ensure optimum performance.
Negative Impact The whole equipment room may be completely damaged in case
If Requirements of fire occurring. The result is unpredictable.
are not met
Lighting Requirements
factorso, and prolong the lifetime of the devices, lighting devices
should meet the requirements of the system.
Significance Lighting in equipment room is very important. The maintenance
personnel can perform operation activities using lightning in the
equipment room when the sunlight is less strong or is unavailable.
Required Index It is suggested that tinted glasses and dark opaque curtain are
selected. Fluorescent lamps may be utilized in the main part of the
equipment room, inserted into the ceiling. The mean illumination
is 150 lx~200 lx.

Luminous light or emergency lighting should be installed in proper

positions between cabinets to illuminate while installing and main-
taining.
Negative Impact Avoid long-time illumination of light and sunlight on the equip-
If Requirements ment, to prevent aging and deformation of the circuit boards and
are not met elements and devices due to extremely high temperature.
Anti-Electrostatic
Requirements
factors, and prolong the lifetime of the devices, anti-electrostatic
requirements should be met.
Significance Anti-electrostatic requirement is quite important for communica-
tion devices. It directly influences the stability, reliability and se-
curity of the equipment.
Required Index The following measures should be taken to prevent or reduce the
static charge generated in the equipment room.
� Equipment should be grounded reliably (ground resistance is
less than 1 ohm) to eliminate static charge in time and avoid
accumulation of static charge. Meanwhile, anti-electrostatic
floor or similarities should be arranged in the equipment room
as an auxiliary measure.
� Enhance the dust prevention measure to prevent or reduce
electrostatic absorption.
� Keep the temperature and humidity in the equipment room
according to the conditions described above.
� Do not use insulating floor wax on the antistatic floor.
� Clear off the insulating oil coat, resin and rubber adhered to
the anti-electrostatic table pad, floor and blanket. Use neutral
detergent or antistatic agent to clean the floor pad.
� Antistatic devices, tools and electrostatic sensitive materials
should have obvious antistatic signs; there should be obvious
grounding sign description on the antistatic ground system.
� The maintenance personnel should comply with the relative an-
tistatic regulations while operating the equipment, for exam-
ple, wearing the antistatic clothes, and using antistatic com-
puter cover.
� To completely control the electrostatic current from human
body, the chair on which the operators are seated must have
antistatic property and refrain from using chairs with the sur-
face made of common artificial leather, and chemical fiber fab-
ric or plastics, and do not use wooden chairs instead of anti-
static chair.
Negative Impact It is obvious that electrostatic discharge damages the equipment.
If Requirements The instantaneous value of the electrostatic voltage is usually up
are not met to thousands or ten thousands volts, and when it touches with

electron devices (e.g. large scale of integrated circuit) sensitive to

electrostatic made by CMOS process and discharges, these devices
are generally damaged irreversibly. It is dangerous to the security
of the equipment.
According to the statistics, 60% of the damaged caused to the
plug-in boards were due to electrostatic charge. Apart from this,
electrostatic charge may cause software fault and may lead to the
malfunctions of electron switches.
Reference For details of electrostatic voltage from human body, refer to Table
13.
TABLE 13 ELECTROSTATIC VOLTAGE ON HUMAN BODY
Condition Generated Voltage Range (V)
People walking on insulating blanket 12000 ~ 39000
People walking on insulating Floor 4000 ~ 13000
People sitting on chairs 500 ~ 3000
Table 13 lists the rising tendencies of voltage on human body within

40 sec. in three circumstances, the voltage scope beyond 12 kV
is considered dangerous.
Insulating materials can accumulate static charge, while conduct-
ing materials can not. Insulating materials include plastic floor,
blanket made of nylon and chemical fiber fabrics, leather shoes,
plastic shoes, service coat made of chemical fiber fabrics and low
humidity environment (or dry environment). While the environ-
ment with more than 60% of humidity, floor made of semiconduc-
tor materials and cement floor are all desirable antistatic environ-
ments.
Table 14 lists the sensitivities of different elements or devices to
electrostatic damage:
TABLE 14 SENSITIVITIES OF DIFFERENT ELEMENTS OR DEVICES TO

ELECTROSTATIC DAMAGE
Elements or Devices Destructive Voltage (V)
MOS (Integrated Circuit) 100 ~ 200
CMOS (Integrated Circuit) 250 ~ 2000
TTL Circuit 300 ~ 1500
Field Effect Transistor 380 ~ 7900
Mixed with Printed Circuit Board 500
Silicon Controlled (SCR) 680 ~ 1000
From Table 13 and Table 14, it is clear that electrostatic is fatal

to the devices. If walking in a room without antistatic measure,
electrostatic of 12 kV may be caused. If one touches the devices
immediately in this case, it may be dangerous to the devices.

Lightning Protection
Requirements
factors , and prolong the lifetime of the devices, anti-lightning re-
quirements should be met.
Significance Desirable anti-lightning ground is one of the technologies to pro-
tect the communication devices. It plays an important role in safe-
guarding personal security, preventing electrostatic interference,
electromagnetic interference, lightning interference.
Required Index The requirement of ZXMBW AGW for the anti-lightning ground is
listed in Table 15.
TABLE 15 REQUIREMENT FOR ANTI-LIGHTNING GROUND
Item Requirement Detail
Equipment room is best built in steel

concrete structure; the building should
Requirement for be installed with lightning protection
infrastructure construction devices (e.g. lightning arrester). The
of equipment room anti-lightning ground of the building
should share a group of grounding bodies
with the protection ground of the room.
Special power transformer should be

arranged in communication office or
station, the power cable is led into
the communication office or station by
leading the cable with metal shield or
insulating shield through steel pipes,
which are buried into the soil. Both ends
of the metal shield of the power cable
or the steel pipes should be reliably
AC supply system should grounded. The length of the buried part
use TN-S power supply should be at least 15 m.
system
Add seamless zinc oxide lightning
arrester to three phase lines on the low
voltage end of the AC power transformer
in the office or station. The shell of the
transformer, the zero line at the low
voltage end and the metal over sheath of
the power cable connected with the shell
of the transformer should be connected
to a local earth ground.

Do not lead aerial alternating or direct

current power cord into or out of the
office (station).
After leading the power cable of low

voltage into the equipment room,
lightning protection unit should be added
to the power cable in the AC voltage
regulator and AC power distribution unit.
In cities, it is suggested to add lightning

protect unit with at least 20 kA of
Add lightning arrester to nominal discharge current. In suburbs
incoming power cable lying in middle thunderstorm region, it
is suggested to add lightning protect
unit with more than 60 kA of discharge
current capacity. In mountain areas, it
is suggested to add lightning protect
unit with more than 100 kA of discharge
current capacity to the areas within
heavy thunderstorm region and the
isolated tall buildings in cities.
The grounding cable of the lightning

protect unit should have a length of less
than 1 m.
DC working grounding (-48 V for anode,

24 V for cathode with DC) in the office
or station should be connected to local
ground in the indoor ground bonding
wire, and the grounding cable should
meet the largest load requirement of the
Ground for DC Power devices.
Distribution
The power supply equipment supplying
power for communication office or station
should have DC working grounding cable
led from the grounding bonding wire (or
from the protection grounding bar in the
equipment room)to the power supply.
Protective measure should be taken to

various communication equipment and
corollary equipment (mobile base station,
racks for transmission, switching, power
supply and distributing) in the equipment
room. The protective ground for all kinds
of equipment in the office or station
should be bonded to one grounding
bar, and the protective ground of the
equipment in one equipment room should
Equipotent Connection be bonded to the protective grounding
bar of the same one equipment room.
The working grounding, protective

grounding of the communication
equipment in equipment rooms should
be grounded in a combined way, that is
to say, working grounding and protective
grounding should share a group of
ground net.

Protective ground should be taken to

cable rack, suspension rack, rack or
chassis, metal ventilation pipes, metal
doors and windows, etc.
The common wire of AC power cord

is forbidden to be connected to the
protective grounding of all kinds of
communication equipment.
General Requirement for
Forbid to add fuse, switches etc. to the
Ground
grounding cable.
All grounding cables should be as

short and straight as possible, avoiding
twisting.
Less than 1 Ohm.
The upper end of the grounding body

departs from the floor at least 0.7 m; In
Requirement for Grounding
cold region, the grounding body should
Resistance
be buried under the frozen soil layer.
Monitor the grounding resistance at fixed

interval to ensure the ground validity.
Aerial should not be arranged in

Signal Cable Wiring communication office or station,
Requirement lead signal cable into the office from
underground.
Grounding bonding wire can be grounding

bonding ring or bonding bar.
Grounding cable can not be made of

aluminum. Prevent electrolytic corrosion
while interconnecting different metals.
Requirement for Grounding
Bonding Wire
The cross-sectional area of the grounding
bonding wire is generally copper bar of
at least 120 mm2 or made of galvanized
steel plate having the same resistance.
The grounding bonding wire should be
isolated from the steel bar of buildings.
The length of the ground lead-in should

be at most 30m, and the materials
Requirement for Ground
should be galvanized steel plate with the
Lead-in
cross-sectional area of 40 mm×4 mm or
50 mm×5 mm.
Neatness Requirements
factors, and to prolong the lifetime of the devices, requirements
for neatness should be met.

Significance Neatness requirement is quite important for the communication

equipment; it directly influences the stability and security of the
equipment.
Required Indices There are two indices for air neatness, one is the concentration
of mechanical active substance, and other is the concentration of
chemical active substance. Proper measures should be taken in
the equipment room to ensure the following requirements are met
with:
� There is no explosive, conductive, magnetic conductive and
corrosive dust.
� Concentration of mechanical active-substance meets the re-
quirements listed in Table 16.
TABLE 16 REQUIREMENT FOR CONCENTRATION OF MECHANICAL

ACTIVE-SUBSTANCE
Mechanical Active-substance Content
Dust Particle ≤3×105 Particl/m3
Suspended Dust ≤0.2 mg/m3
Degradable Dust ≤1.5 mg/m2·h
Grit ≤30 mg/m3
Remark: Dust Particle:

Diameter≥5μm
Suspended Dust: Diameter≤75μm
Degradable Dust: 75μm≤Diame-

ter≤150μm
Grit: 150μm≤Diameter≤1000μm
� Concentration of chemical active-substance should meet the

following requirements as listed in Table 17.
TABLE 17 REQUIREMENT FOR CONCENTRATION OF HARMFUL GAS
Chemical Active Substance Content
Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) 0.30 ~ 1.00 mg/m³
Sulfureted Hydrogen (H2S) 0.10 ~ 0.50 mg/m³
Silicon Dioxide (NO2) 0.50 ~ 1.00 mg/m³
Ammonia (NH3) 1.00 ~ 3.00 mg/m³
Chlorine (Cl2) 0.10 ~ 0.30 mg/m³
Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) 0.10 ~ 0.50 mg/m³
hydrofluoric acid (HF) 0.01 ~ 0.03 mg/m³

Chemical Active Substance Content
Ozone (O3) 0.05 ~ 0.10 mg/m³
Carbon Monoxide (CO) ≤5.0 mg/m³
Negative Impact When concentration of dust particle in air is too high, large amount
If Requirements of dust particles are absorbed on the surface of electronic compo-
are not met nents and the integrated circuits. The cooling ability of the com-
ponents and circuits degrades. If conductive dust falls into the
components, insulation property between components degrades
and short circuit may occur.
Chemical active-substance also has significant influence on com-
munication equipment, e.g. when the concentration of acid gases
such as sulfur dioxide is too high, communication equipment may
get corrupted, and it lead to poor contact or short circuit; if the
concentration of carbon monoxide is too high, explosion may be
caused.
Earthquake Resistance
Capability Requirements
factors, and prolong the lifetime of the devices, requirements for
earthquake resistance capability should be met.
Significance Earthquake resistant requirement is quite important for the com-
munication equipment. It directly influences the stability and se-
curity of the equipment.
Required Indices The design for earthquake resistance capability of the telecom-
munication building where the equipment room is located should
be one degree higher than basic intensity of the local buildings.
Earthquake resistant engineering and retrofitting is required for
those equipment buildings that do not meet the earthquake resis-
tance capability requirement. For specific measures, consult the
architecture design department to make and perform retrofitting
design. The equipment should be resistant to M7 earthquake.

Figures
Figure 1 Position of AGW in WiMAX Network ........................... 2

Figure 2 Working Principle Chart for AGW (Control Flow).......... 5
Figure 3 Networking Chart of AGW........................................ 7
Figure 4 Auxiliary Devices in AGW........................................10
Figure 5 AGW Hardware Architecture....................................13
Figure 6 Distributed Processing Architecture..........................14
Figure 7 Minimum Configuration for AGW..............................14
Figure 8 Typical Configuration for Single-Shelf AGW ...............15
Figure 9 Typical Configuration for Dual-Shelf AGW (BPSNE) .....16
Figure 10 Typical Configuration for Dual-Shelf AGW (BCTC) .....16
Figure 11 Alarm System .....................................................18
Figure 12 AGW Software Structure.......................................22
Figure 13 Frame Diagram for AGW Service Processing
Subsystem .......................................................23
Figure 14 Interfaces in AGW ...............................................30
Figure 15 Appearance of AGW Cabinet..................................46
Figure 16 AGW Cabinet Structure Layout ..............................47
Figure 17 Appearance View of Alarm Box ..............................48


Tables
Table 1 Front Boards ..........................................................11

Table 2 Rear Boards ...........................................................12
Table 3 Typical Hardware Configuration for Operation and
Maintenance System ..........................................17
Table 4 Functions of Each Component...................................18
Table 5 Correspondence Between Hardware and Software .......21
Table 6 AGW Foreground Version Software ............................27
Table 7 Specific Software for OMC........................................28
Table 8 Elementary Functions of AGW...................................35
Table 9 Functions of Complementary Services .......................37
Table 10 AGW Performance Indexes .....................................39
Table 11 Measures for Implementing Features of Each Module...42
Table 12 Comparative Advantages in Reliability......................43
Table 13 Electrostatic Voltage on Human Body.......................57
Table 14 Sensitivities of Different Elements or Devices to
Electrostatic Damage .........................................57
Table 15 Requirement for Anti-Lightning Ground ....................58
Table 16 Requirement for Concentration of Mechanical
Active-Substance...............................................61
Table 17 Requirement for Concentration of Harmful Gas..........61


List of Glossary
AAA - Authentication, Authorization, Accounting

ACL - Access Control List
AGW - ASN Gateway
ASN - Access Service Network
ASP - Application Service Process
BCTC - Backplane of ConTrol Center
BRS - BeaR Subsystem
BS - Base Station
BSS - Base Station Subsystem
CDMA - Code Division Multiple Access
CDR - Call Detail Record
CMIP - Client Mobile IP
CORBA - Common Object Request Broker Architecture
CSN - Connectivity Services Network
DHCP - Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
DNS - Domain Name System
FA - Foreign Agent
FTAM - File transfer access management
FTP - File Transportation Protocol
GGLP - AGW Line Processor of GE interface
GGUP - AGW GTP-U Processor
GRE - Generic Routing Encapsulation
HA - Home Agent
IETF - Internet Engineering Task Force
IP - Internet Protocol
MIP - Mobile IP
NAT - Network Address Translation
NGN - Next Generation Network
NTP - Network Time Protocol
NWG - Net Work Group
OAM - Operation And Management
OMC - Operations & Maintenance Center
OMP - Operation Main Processor
OSS - Operating System Subsystem
PMIP - Proxy-Mobile IP

PSN - Packet Switch Network

PSN4V - Vitesse Packet Switch Network 40Gbps
QoS - Quality of Service
RADIUS - Remote Authentication Dial In User Service
RFC - Request For Comments
RMNIC - Rear Board of Multi-service Network Interface
Card
RMON - Remote Monitoring
RMPB - Rear board of Main Processor Board
RPSN - Rear Card for PSN4V
RPU - Router Pocess Unit
RUIM2 - Rear board of UIM (type2)
RUIM3 - Rear board of UIM (type3)
SMP - Service Main Processor
SNMP - Simple Network Management Protocol
TCP - Transmission Control Protocol
TFTP - Trivial File Transfer Protocol
TMN - Telecommunication Management Network
UIM - Universal Interface Module
VLAN - Virtual Local Area Network
VPN - Virtual Private Network
WiMAX - Worldwide Interoperability for Microware Access

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ZXMBW AGW

WiMAX Wireless Access Gateway

Copyright © 2006 ZTE CORPORATION.

The ultimate right to interpret this product resides in ZTE CORPORATION.

Revision No. Revision Date Revision Reason

Serial Number: sjzl20091231

Purpose This manual introduces ZXMBW AGW WiMAX Wireless Access

Introduces the position of AGW in WiMAX

Introduces the hardware configuration for AGW

Chapter 3, AGW Introduces AGW software structure and

Chapter 4, Interfaces Introduces interfaces and communication

Chapter 5, System Introduces basic services and complementary

Chapter 8, Electrical Introduces the electrical characteristics of AGW

Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION i

This page is intentionally blank.

ii Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION

Position of AGW in WiMAX

Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 1

FIGURE 1 POSITION OF AGW IN WIMAX NETWORK

Functions of AGW In Figure 1, AGW in WiMAX has the following functions:

2 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION

With this function, application layer gateway function or

Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 3

Working Principle of AGW

4 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION

FIGURE 2 WORKING PRINCIPLE CHART FOR AGW (CONTROL FLOW)

Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 5

As the maintenance agent of OMC network management

6 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION

FIGURE 3 NETWORKING CHART OF AGW

Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 7

This page is intentionally blank.

8 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION

Other Auxiliary Devices

Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 9

FIGURE 4 AUXILIARY DEVICES IN AGW

10 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION

Network management front-end processor is provided for net-

TABLE 1 FRONT BOARDS

Logic ID of Board Physical Redun-

Realizes operation and

Signaling Realizes all AGW signaling

Universal interface module,

Packet Realizes media interface IP data

Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 11

Logic ID of Board Physical Redun-

Provides external Kilomega

Process and forward user service

TABLE 2 REAR BOARDS

Provides OMC2 interface of RMPB is used to

Provides Board configured for system

Board configured for system

12 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION

FIGURE 5 AGW HARDWARE ARCHITECTURE

Under the hardware architecture shown in Table 1, distributed

Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 13

FIGURE 6 DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING ARCHITECTURE

Under the architecture as shown in Figure 6, the GGLP board as-

FIGURE 7 MINIMUM CONFIGURATION FOR AGW

14 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION

FIGURE 8 TYPICAL CONFIGURATION FOR SINGLE-SHELF AGW

Typical In case of dual shelves, the typical configuration for dual-shelf

Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 15