CIVIL ENGINEERING

TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING

HOMEWORK 2

Course: Transportation Engineering

Block: FC-PREINGCIV07A1T

Teacher: Sanchez Navarro, Alex Manuel

STUDENTS: CODE:

CCASA SUNI, Jhon. 1520494

PARIACHI ALVARADO, José Luis. 1421451

PUMA SUMA, Mirelia Dienisse. 1521561

REVATTA MARTINEZ. Ruth. 1421429

RODRIGUEZ CCOLQQUE, Orlando. 1321120

Lima -Peru

2018-1

1
 INDEX

INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................. 3
II. OBJECTIVES............................................................................................................................ 4
GENERAL CONCEPTS ..................................................................................................................... 5
TRANSPORTATION PLANNING CONCEPTS .................................................................................... 6
PART 1: THE TRAFFIC VOLUME ...................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
PART 2: LEVEL OF SERVICE (LOS) ............................................................................................... 9
PART 3: Level of Service with The Inclusion of The Project .................................................... 13
PART 4: LOS after 5,10 15 years in the project ...........................Error! Bookmark not defined.
PART 5: THE LENGTH OF QUEUE AND WAITING TIME ................Error! Bookmark not defined.
CONCLUSION ...................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
REFERENCES ................................................................................................................................ 33

2
 INTRODUCTION

Traffic is one of the main problems in Lima Peru which have affected people since
many years ago, because our currently number of vehicles haven been increased and
the Vehicular disorder caused by different modes of transport, so we have to know
the importance of calculating some traffic parameters to understand the behavior of
traffic in our country. Because this information helps us to know how to deal and
which possible solutions can be taken for this problem.

This research work is complemented by the methods that we have learnt during the
course of transportation for engineering, it helps us to Elaborate an excel
spreadsheet with the traffic data collected and determine parameters such as Design
hour volume (DHV), The peak hour factor (PHF), the Directional factor D and the
Percentage of trucks PT.

Also, in the second part of the report we can calculate the level of service of the
route and as the opening of new establishments generate quantities of trip that
influenced in the way.

3
II. OBJECTIVES

4
 GENERAL CONCEPTS

We can define vehicular disorder as the main problem in our country, there are
different number of aspects which produce the inadequate transport operation in
lima such as the increasing number of vehicles, the disorder caused by public
transport, the inadequate police action keeping order in transportation, the traffic
produced by Infrastructure projects which reduce existing lanes and move the transit
to nearby areas and the lack of respect for traffic rules.

The root cause of congestion is the interference between vehicles in the traffic flow.
Up to a certain intensity of that flow, the vehicles can circulate at a relatively free
speed, determined by the speed

5
 TRANSPORTATION PLANNING CONCEPTS

Include a new development project, which will be located at the main street of the road
network you have previously worked in your Homework 01.

The characteristics of this project are:

 The project has a gross area of 9800 m2
 It includes the construction of 650 apartments divided into 4 buildings of 18
floors.
 This project includes the construction of pedestrian ramps to provide access for
people with disabilities.
 The project complies with the RNE requirements

Using the data collected in Homework 01 and determine:

PART 1: THE TRAFFIC VOLUME THAT THIS NEW DEVELOPMENT WILL

GENERATE

Data:

Area = 6800 m2

Apartments = 650

6
We need to obtain the number of trips for this we resort to the following table:

 To calculate the number of trips we used the rule of three simple:

1 𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 0.62 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑝𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡
650 𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 = 𝑥
𝑥 = 650 ∗ 0.62 = 403 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑝𝑠
 Consideration of % private vehicle (the people who use private transport will
generate more traffic volume than people who use public transport).
 The next table was recovered from http://www.limacomovamos.org/cm/wp-
content/uploads/2018/03/EncuestaLimaC%C3%B3moVamos_2017.pdf it
allow us determine the number of vehicles due to project.

 We considered the percentage of private transport to the sum of individual

transport and non.
 Previously we had calculated the number of trips:

7
 Private transport : 16.3%+8.9%=25.2 %

403 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑝𝑠 × 25.6% = 101.55 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑝𝑠

We calculated in the homework 1 the volume of total cars in one lane.

Direction From E to W Direction From W to E Total of car

9075 11683 20758

So, considering the lane whit more volume the traffic Volume that is new development
will generate is:

11683+ 101.55= 11784.55 ≈ 11785 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑝𝑠

8
PART 2: LEVEL OF SERVICE (LOS)

LOS for West to East direction

To calculate this parameter, we need other parameters such as PHF, PT
(percentage of trucks and buses), DDHV and other more. But we have this data in
table 5 that we calculated in the previous homework.

Direction from WEST to

EAST

DHV PHF D PT

2890 0.93 0.56 11.06%

STEP 1

Findin the fHV: assuming the terrain like LEVEL (ET = 1.5) and the percentage of
recreational 0%

1
𝑓𝐻𝑉 =
1 + 𝑃𝑇(𝐸𝑇 − 1) + 𝑃𝑅(𝐸𝑅 − 1)

1
𝑓𝐻𝑉 = = 0.9476
1 + 11.06%(1.5 − 1) + 0%(ER − 1)

STEP 2

Now, we are going to calculate the Flow Rate:

𝑉
𝑉𝑝 =
𝑃𝐻𝐹 ∗ 𝑁 ∗ 𝑓𝐻𝑉 ∗ 𝑓𝑝

𝑽: Hourly volume or it is equal to DHV (veh/hr)

𝑷𝑯𝑭: Peak Hour Factor
𝑵: Number of lane in one direction
𝒇𝒑: Driver population adjustment factor ( In this case we will consider 𝑓𝑝=1 for
driver commuter traffic).

286
𝑉𝑝 =
0.93 ∗ 1 ∗ 0.914 ∗ 1
𝑉𝑝 = 336.5 = 337 𝑝𝑐/𝑝ℎ/𝑝𝑙

9
STEP 3
We need to calculate la FFS (Free Flow Speed) because this change when the Flow Rate
increase. For this direction:
FFS = 48.31 km/h = 30.02 mph
So, we need to look if the FFS change

According this graphic the S = 30 mph

STEP 4

Now with the data we can calculate the density the we can obtain the LOS

𝑉𝑃
𝐷=
𝑆
337
𝐷= = 11.23 = 11 𝑝𝑐/𝑚𝑖/𝑙𝑛
30

10
The LOS for direction from WEST to EAST before the project is A

LOS for EAST to WEST direction

To calculate this parameter, we need other parameters such as PHF, PT (percentage

of trucks), DHV and other more.

Direction from EAST to

WEST

DDHV PHF D PT

126 0.83 0.44 9.33%

STEP 1

Finding the 𝑓𝐻𝑉; assuming the terrain like LEVEL (𝐸𝑇=1.5) and the percentage of
recreational vehicles equal to 0.

1
𝑓𝐻𝑉 =
1 + 𝑃𝑇(𝐸𝑇 − 1) + 𝑃𝑅(𝐸𝑅 − 1)

11
 1
𝑓𝐻𝑉 = = 0.9554
1 + 9.33%(1.5 − 1) + 0%(𝐸𝑅 − 1)

STEP 2

Now, we are going to calculate the Flow Rate:

𝑉
𝑉𝑝 =
𝑃𝐻𝐹 ∗ 𝑁 ∗ 𝑓𝐻𝑉 ∗ 𝑓𝑝

𝑽: Hourly volume or it is equal to DHV (veh/hr)

𝑷𝑯𝑭: Peak Hour Factor
𝑵: Number of lane in one direction
𝒇𝒑: Driver population adjustment factor ( In this case we ill consider 𝑓𝑝=1 for
driver commuter traffic).

126
𝑉𝑝 = = 158.89
0.83 ∗ 1 ∗ 0.9554 ∗ 1
𝑉𝑝 = 159 𝑝𝑐/𝑝ℎ/𝑝𝑙

STEP 3

We need to calculate la FFS (Free Flow Speed) because this change when the Flow
Rate increase. For this direction our FFS = 47.45 km/h=29.48 mph

So, we need to look if the FFS change.

According this graphic the S = 30 mph

12
STEP 4

Now with the data we can calculate the density the we can obtain the LOS

𝑉𝑃
𝐷=
𝑆
159
𝐷= = 5.3 𝑝𝑐𝑝ℎ𝑝𝑙
30

The LOS for direction from EAST TO WEST before the project is A

PART 3: LEVEL OF SERVICE WITH THE INCLUSION OF THE PROJECT

The demand including the project is:

The number of apartments that the project will have is about 650 and following the table
(Institute if transportation engineers common trip generation) we find the number of
trips per unit which is 0.62.

𝑉 = 0.62 × 650 = 403 𝑝𝑐𝑝ℎ𝑝𝑙

WEST TO EAST
From our previous homework, but now including the project
 The new DHV including the project is:

160 𝑉𝑒ℎ/ℎ𝑟 + 203𝑉𝑒ℎ/ℎ𝑟 = 363 𝑉𝑒ℎ/ℎ𝑟

 Percentage of trucks and buses= 11.06%

 Number of lanes on the highway = 1
 PHF= 0.94
 The ground is level
 The Design speed or FFS (free flow speed ) 𝑢s=30 mph

13
STEP 1: Finding𝑓ℎ𝑣,

Assuming a level terrain and recreational vehicles equal 0 so the 𝐸𝑇 = 1.5 and 𝑃_𝑅=0

1
𝑓𝐻𝑉 =
1 + 𝑃𝑇(𝐸𝑇 − 1) + 𝑃𝑅(𝐸𝑅 − 1)

1
𝑓𝐻𝑉 = = 0.9476
1 + 0.1106(1.5 − 1) + 0(𝐸𝑅 − 1)

STEP 2: We determine the flow Rate, for commuter traffic we consider that 𝑓𝑃 (The
driver population adjustment factor) is equal to 1.

𝑉
𝑉𝑝 = = 407.53
𝑃𝐻𝐹 ∗ 𝑁 ∗ 𝑓𝐻𝑉 ∗ 𝑓𝑝

363
𝑉𝑝 = = 408 𝑝𝑐𝑝ℎ𝑝𝑙
0.94 ∗ 1 ∗ 0.9476 ∗ 1
STEP 3: The FFS is obtained in the highway from the homework before so it does
not need to be adjusted and its value is 30 mph.

STEP 4: We calculate de Density

𝑉𝑃 408
𝐷= = = 13.58 𝑝𝑐𝑝𝑚𝑝𝑙
𝑆 30

14
STEP 5:

The new Level of service for lane from WEST TO EAST will be B

EAST TO WEST
From our previous homework, but now including the project 35
 The new DHV including the project is:
126𝑉𝑒ℎ/ℎ𝑟 + 200𝑉𝑒ℎ/ℎ𝑟 = 326 𝑉𝑒ℎ/ℎ𝑟
 Percentage of trucks and buses = 9.33%
 Number of lanes on the highway = 1
 PHF= 0.83
 The ground is level
 The Design speed or FFS (free flow speed) 𝑢s=30 mph

15
STEP 1: Finding𝑓ℎ𝑣,

According to the table, we assume a level terrain and recreational vehicles equal 0
so the 𝐸𝑇=1.5 and 𝑃𝑅=0

1
𝑓𝐻𝑉 =
1 + 𝑃𝑇(𝐸𝑇 − 1) + 𝑃𝑅(𝐸𝑅 − 1)

1
𝑓𝐻𝑉 = = 0.9554
1 + 0.0933(1.5 − 1) + 0(𝐸𝑅 − 1)

STEP 2: We determine the flow Rate, for commuter traffic we consider that 𝑓𝑃
(The driver population adjustment factor) is equal to 1.

𝑉
𝑉𝑝 =
𝑃𝐻𝐹 ∗ 𝑁 ∗ 𝑓𝐻𝑉 ∗ 𝑓𝑝

326
𝑉𝑝 = = 411 𝑝𝑐𝑝ℎ𝑝𝑙
0.83 ∗ 1 ∗ 0.9554 ∗ 1
STEP 3: The FFS is obtained in the highway from the homework before so it does
not need to be adjusted and its value is 30 mph

STEP 4: We calculate de Density

𝑉𝑃 411
𝐷= = = 13.70 𝑝𝑐𝑝𝑚𝑖𝑝𝑙
𝑆 30

16
STEP 5:

So, the new Level of service for lane from EAST TO WEST will be B

17
PART 4: ESTIMATE THE LOS AFTER 5, 10, 15 YEARS OF THE
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROJECT. CONSIDER THAT AFTER
IMPLEMENTATION THE PROJECT WILL BE OPERATING AT 100%

According to INEI, the factor is estimated per rate of population

To find the volume “n” years after we will use the growth factor
 𝑉𝑓𝑢𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 = 𝑉𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡(1+𝐺)n
Where:
𝑉𝑓𝑢𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒: 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑠 𝑛 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠 𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑛𝑜𝑤
𝑉𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡: 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑤
𝐺 ∶𝐺𝑟𝑜𝑤𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟
𝑛 ∶𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠
 According to “EL COMERCIO” growth rate in the automotive sector will be
10.0%

https://elcomercio.pe/economia/peru/crecimiento-sector-automotriz-seria-10-2017-
230274

and,

Source: INEI

https://www.inei.gob.pe/media/MenuRecursivo/publicaciones_digitales/Est/Lib001
5/cap-52.htm

Annual Growth rate (G)= 1.3

Traffic parameters: Growth Factor

𝑮𝑭𝒆𝒙𝒑𝒐𝒏𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒊𝒂𝒍 = (𝟏 + 𝑮)𝒏

Where:

 G = Annual Growth rate

 n = number of years

18
  We have to calculate the annual Growth rate per year:

After year (n) Rate (%) 𝑮𝑭𝒆𝒙𝒑𝒐𝒏𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒊𝒂𝒍 = (𝟏 + 𝑮)𝒏

5 1.3 1.067
10 1.3 1.138
15 1.3 1.214

Year GF Volume (veh/hr)

2017 1.000 2709
2022 1.067 2890
2027 1.138 3083
2032 1.214 3288

 The LOS after 5 years

The FFS do not change, because the road conditions do not change, so:

𝐹𝐹𝑆 = 30 𝑚𝑝ℎ
𝑉 = 2890 𝑣𝑒ℎ/ℎ𝑟

Calculating LOS:

A. LOS: In General
 ET, Passenger – Car Equivalents = 1.5

So,

1
𝑓𝐻𝑉 = = 0.951
1 + 0.1026(1.5 − 1) + 0(𝐸𝑅 − 1)

2890
Then, 𝑓𝑝 = 1 ; 𝑉𝑝 = 0.959×3×0.951×1 = 1056 𝑝𝑐𝑝ℎ𝑝𝑙

19
  Of the diagram, we obtain S, where FFS = 55.2 mph and V=
1056 pcphpl

So, S=55.2 mph

𝐕𝐩 𝟏𝟎𝟓𝟔
𝐃= = = 𝟏𝟗. 𝟏𝟑 𝒑𝒄𝒑𝒎𝒑𝒍
𝐒 𝟓𝟓. 𝟐

 Finally, we find the LOS

20
 The Level of Service is “C”
 The LOS after 10 years.

The FFS do not change, because the road conditions do not change, so:

𝐹𝐹𝑆 = 55.2 𝑚𝑝ℎ

𝑉 = 3083 𝑣𝑒ℎ/ℎ𝑟

Calculating LOS:

 ET, Passenger – Car Equivalents = 1.5

So,

1
𝑓𝐻𝑉 = = 0.951
1 + 0.1026(1.5 − 1) + 0(𝐸𝑅 − 1)

3083
Then, 𝑓𝑝 = 1 ; 𝑉𝑝 = 0.959×3×0.951×1 = 1127 𝑝𝑐𝑝ℎ𝑝𝑙

 Of the diagram, we obtain S, where FFS = 55.2 mph and

 V = 1127 pcphpl

21
So, S=55.2 mph

𝐕𝐩 𝟏𝟏𝟐𝟕
𝐃= = = 𝟐𝟎. 𝟒𝟐 𝒑𝒄𝒑𝒎𝒑𝒍
𝐒 𝟓𝟓. 𝟐

 Finally, we find the LOS

The Level of Service is “C”

22
  The LOS after 15 years.

The FFS do not change, because the road conditions do not change, so:

𝐹𝐹𝑆 = 55.2 𝑚𝑝ℎ

𝑉 = 3288 𝑣𝑒ℎ/ℎ𝑟

Calculating LOS:

 ET, Passenger – Car Equivalents = 1.5

So,

1
𝑓𝐻𝑉 = = 0.951
1 + 0.1026(1.5 − 1) + 0(𝐸𝑅 − 1)

3288
Then, 𝑓𝑝 = 1 ; 𝑉𝑝 = 0.959×3×0.951×1 = 1202 𝑝𝑐𝑝ℎ𝑝𝑙

 Of the diagram, we obtain S, where FFS = 55.2 mph and

 V = 1202 pcphpl

23
So, S=55.2 mph

𝐕𝐩 𝟏𝟐𝟎𝟐
𝐃= = = 𝟐𝟏. 𝟕𝟖 𝒑𝒄𝒑𝒎𝒑𝒍
𝐒 𝟓𝟓. 𝟐

 Finally, we find the LOS

24
 The Level of Service is “C”

B. LOS: East Direction

Common data (2022, 2027 and 2032):

 Base hourly volume: 1125 veh/hr

 Annual Growth rate (G)= 1.3%
 PHF: 0.891

Expected hourly volume (2022, 2027 and 2032):

 𝐕𝟐𝟎𝟐𝟐 = 1125 x 1.0135 = 1200

 𝐕𝟐𝟎𝟐𝟕 = 1125 x 1.01310 = 1280
 𝐕𝟐𝟎𝟑𝟐 = 1125 x 1.01315 = 1366

𝐕𝐏 :

1200
 VP (2022) = 0.891 x 3 x 0.951 x 1 = 472 pcphpl
1280
 VP (2027) = 0.891 x 3 x 0.951 x 1 = 504 pcphpl
1366
 VP (2032) = 0.891 x 3 x 0.951 x 1 = 537 pcphpl

S:

 S2022 = 55.2 mph

 S2027 = 55.2 mph
 S2032 = 55.2 mph

472
→ D2022 = 55.2 = 8.55 pcpmpl

504
→ D2027 = 55.2 = 9.13 pcpmpl

537
→ D2032 = 55.2 = 9.73 pcpmpl

Finally:

25
 The Level of Service is “A” in all cases (2022, 2027 and 2032).

C. LOS: West Direction

Common data (2022, 2027 and 2032):

 Base hourly volume: 1474 veh/hr

 Annual Growth rate (G)= 1.3%
 PHF: 0.975

Expected hourly volume (2022, 2027 and 2032):

 𝐕𝟐𝟎𝟐𝟐 = 1474 x 1.0135 = 1572

 𝐕𝟐𝟎𝟐𝟕 = 1474 x 1.01310 = 1677
 𝐕𝟐𝟎𝟑𝟐 = 1474 x 1.01315 = 1789

𝐕𝐏 :

1572
 VP (2022) = 0.975 x 3 x 0.951 x 1 = 565 pcphpl
1677
 VP (2027) = 0.975 x 3 x 0.951 x 1 = 603 pcphpl
1789
 VP (2032) = = 643 pcphpl
0.975 x 3 x 0.951 x 1

S:

 S2022 = 55.2 mph

 S2027 = 55.2 mph
 S2032 = 55.2 mph

565
→ D2022 = 55.2 = 10.24 pcpmpl

603
→ D2027 = = 10.92 pcpmpl
55.2

643
→ D2032 = 55.2 = 11.65 pcpmpl

Finally: -The Level of Service is “A” in two cases (2022 and 2027).

26
 -The Level of Service is “B” with respect of the implementation of
the project 15 years after

Summary Table: LOS

Hourly VP S D
Type Condition LOS
Volume (pcphpl) (mph) (pcpmpl)
(Veh.)
Without the 2195 B
project
With the 2599 B
project
With the
2772 C
In project 5
General years after
With the
2957 C
project 10
years after
With the
3155 C
project 15
years after
Without the 923 363 55.2 6.58 A
project
With the 1125 443 55.2 8.03 A
project
With the
1200 472 55.2 8.55 A
East project 5
Direction years after
With the
1280 504 55.2 9.13 A
project 10
years after
With the
1366 537 55.2 9.73 A
project 15

27
 years after
Without the
1272 457 55.2 8.28 A
project
With the
1474 530 55.2 9.60 A
project
With the
1572 565 55.2 10.24 A
West project 5
Direction years after
With the
1677 603 55.2 10.92 A
project 10
years after
With the
1789 643 55.2 11.65 B
project 15
years after

PART 5: THE LENGTH OF QUEUE AND WAITING TIME

The building has only one access for entry and exit, which is controlled by an automatic
gate, which can serve 360 vehicles per hour. Determine the length of queue and waiting
time, considering M/M/1.

We assume that this building has one entry and one exit controlled by an automatic

AVERAGE LENGTH OF QUEUE

𝜌2 𝜆
𝑄 = (1−𝜌) ; 𝜌 = 𝜇 ;.........................(1)

Where 𝜌 <1.0

AVERAGE TIME WAITING IN QUEUE

Average time waiting in queue

1 𝜆
𝑊 = 𝜇 ∗ [𝜇−𝜆] ………………(2)

Where:

28
 λ = Arrival rate μ = Departure

From the question 1, we know that the numbers of trips that the project will generate is:

Number. trips = 403 trips

• Now, we need to know how many vehicles per hour that the project generates, so

we looked for information on the web page of “RPP noticias” it is an information

recollected of the stadisticcs of “Ministry of Transport and Communications”.

link: http://rpp.pe/lima/obras/el-75-de-limenos-se-moviliza-en-transporte-publico-y-el-
25-viaja-2-horas-noticia-992721

• According to this information, we know that in Lima, there are 25% of people that

use their own vehicle to transport. We assume that the arrival rate will be 75 percent
of private transport while the departure rate will be 25 percent of private transport .

• So, we calculate:

Public Transport = 75% ∗ 403 = 302.75vph

Privete Transport = 25% ∗ 403 = 100.75vph

M/M/1

AVERAGE LENGTH OF QUEUE

29
Then: Departure rate (u)

u =360veh/hour∗1hour /60min

u = 6veh/min

Arrival rate (ƛ)

ƛ = 100.75 ∗ 70% = 70.53veh/hour∗1hour/60min

ƛ = 1.18veh/min

✓ Determining the Average length of queue (Q)

𝜆
𝜌=
𝜇

1.18𝑣𝑒ℎ/𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝜌= , 𝜌 = 0.1967
6𝑣𝑒ℎ/ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟

𝜌2
𝑄 = (1−𝜌)………………(1)

0.19672
Q =(1−0.1967)

Q =0.048 vehicles|

AVERAGE TIME WAITING IN QUEUE

1 𝜆
𝑊 = 𝜇 ∗ [𝜇−𝜆]………………..(2)

1 1.18
𝑊= ∗[ ]
6 6 − 1.18

𝑄 = 0.041𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠 → 𝑄 = 2.4 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠

30
The Project will have 650 apartments, for apartments, the rate is 0.62

Traffic volume =Rate *number of apartments.

Traffic Volume =0.62*650

Number of trips

Then we replace

Traffic volume =403

The new development will generate 403 trips in the transport path.

In Lima 75% of people prefer public transport while 25% prefer the private
transport, According to the survey.

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 CONCLUSION

 Through this work it has been possible to put into practice the knowledge
acquired during the development of classes, with which data have been
obtained from the various parameters required in this work.
 With the data obtained from the different speeds and comparing these with
the limits indicated by the Ministry of Transport and Communications
(MTC), it has been noted that some drivers exceed the permitted speed limit.
 Doing the work of counting vehicles has been observed that the road studied
has a regular average traffic of heavy vehicles; therefore, it was possible to
determine the type of road it represents, being this one a main access route in
the study area.
 With the results obtained it was observed that the level of service (LOS)
changes with respect to time, that is to say, this level is dynamic since it was
compared with previous works.
 According to the work developed, it is concluded that when a particular
establishment (shopping centers, residential areas, etc.) is constructed; These
will generate an additional amount of travel number to the route with which
this infrastructure is connected

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 REFERENCES

 Khisty C.Jotin (1928). Transportation engineering: an introduction. Prentice

Hall, [2003]

 Garber and Hoel (2008). Traffic and Highway Engineering (4th Edition).
Cengage Learning

 Sanchez N. Alex (2017). Lecture Introduccion to transportation Engineering.

PPT

 Banks, James H. (1992). “Freeway Speed-Flow-Concentration Relationships:

More Evidence and Interpretations.” Transportation Research

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