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sdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvb
nmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyui
opasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklz
xcvbnmrtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyui
opasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklz
xcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrtyui
opasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklz
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CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
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uiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjk
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Water Engineering II
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hjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwer
tyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfgh
jklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmq
wertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghj
klzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmq
10/17/2018
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214060225 L.R Chubeka|214156168 A Ngabaza|213196514 Z
Nombutuma|214178811 A Rauzela|21716499 C Freeman
1|Page
PLAGIARISM DECLARATION

1. I know that plagiarism means taking and using the ideas, writings, works or inventions of
another as if they were one’s own. I know that plagiarism not only includes verbatim
copying, but also the extensive use of another person’s ideas without proper
acknowledgement (which includes the proper use of quotation marks). I know that plagiarism
covers this sort of use of material found in textual sources and from the Internet.

2. I acknowledge and understand that plagiarism is wrong.

3. I understand that my research must be accurately referenced. I have followed the rules and
conventions concerning referencing, citation and the use of quotations as set out in the
Departmental Guide.

4. This assignment is my own work, or my group’s own unique group assignment. I

acknowledge that copying someone else’s assignment, or part of it, is wrong, and that
submitting identical work to others constitutes a form of plagiarism.

5. I have not allowed, nor will I in the future allow, anyone to copy my work with the
intention of passing it off as their own work.

Name……………………………………………… Student #...............................................

Name……………………………………………… Student #...............................................

Name……………………………………………… Student #...............................................

Name……………………………………………… Student #...............................................

Name……………………………………………… Student #...............................................

2|Page
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The bases of this project are to design a distribution pipeline that will allow for the distribute
of water from a reservoir of lower altitude to a regional reservoir of a higher altitude .the
regional reservoir will thus be used to supply the rural communities (With low cost type
housing and ventilated latrines) with sufficient water .in order to supply water to the regional
reservoir of higher altitude a sufficient pumping system will be used . Therefore the
following project design will be to calculate and design a suitable pumping system that is
suitable for supplying the required discharge to the regional reservoir. Therefore the design of
the pump will thus help us determine suitable pump sizes, pressure expected, operating
parameters (efficiency, input power) and annual pumping costs. The pump is positioned
directly next to the reservoir with its centre 3m below the reservoir top water level.

Taking possible considerations of power failure in the communities 20% will be added to the
required discharge, this will provide the communities with water during sudden power
failure.

Key words:

Discharge

Velocity

Peak flow

Pressure

Efficiency

Hsystem

Head

Node

3|Page
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We want to acknowledge our lecturers for impacting us with sufficient knowledge in this area
of our Civil Engineering National Diploma. The practicals included in our syllabus truly help
us to visualize the circumstances that take place in the industry thus we were able to do this
assignment.

4|Page
Table of Content
List of acronyms…………………………………………………………………………..5
Introduction……………………………………………………………………………….5
Results and discussions….………………….……………………………………….……6
Design Drawings….…………………………..…………………………………………..10
Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………..10
Recommendations………………………………………………………………………..11
Reference…………………………………………………………………………………11
Appendices………………………………………………………………………………..12

5|Page
LIST OF ACRONYMS

AADD: Annual average daily demand

INTRODUCTION

Water forms part of the key factors for life. Therefore, it is essential that we understand the
characteristics of this life saving substance as well as the many different uses of this
substance therefore; it is of utmost importance that as engineers we harness the power that
water possesses to solve many days to day problems.

However, as times have changed into a more mechanical and technological era, for us to
harness the full power which water possesses we must intergrade the use of technology such
as pumps to help us make the water more suitable for our modern society.

With the population growing and thus the demand for water have increased, pumps play a
crucial role in the supply of water for communities, urban or rural. Large quantities of water
will thus be required at great speeds.

Therefore, pumps play a crucial role in pumping the required water needed to reservoirs of
different altitudes and that are situated at great distances from one another.

It is of utmost importance that as engineers we investigate the use and configurations of many
different centrifugal pumps and analyze the effect they have of the amount/quantity of water
discharged.

The problem that we face in society today especially South Africa is that we are not able to
supply rural communities with the sufficient discharge that they require. This is especially
evident in developing rural communities.

For our assignment we have been tasked with the design of a suitable pumping system to
supply water from a reservoir of lower altitude to a regional reservoir of a higher altitude, the
water will therefore be supplied to the community and it will be dispersed from the main
discharge pipeline to the community with the aid of four node connectors.

This therefore tackles one of the crucial problems that we face in today’s society, which is the
transportation of clean potable water to rural and developing rural communities.

6|Page
Furthermore, based on the recent power outages, our pumping system will have to be
designed for such cases. Thus, we have decided to use a growth factor of 20%. This growth
factor will be implemented on the discharge that will be pumped between the two reservoirs.
The reason for the discharge factor is to ensure that the top reservoir has a constant surplus of
water of 20%.

This surplus of water will ensure that the community will still be able to receive the required
discharge even during times of power outages. This surplus of 20% will be sufficient to
supply the community until backup generators are put into place or until the power comes
back on.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

2.1. Suitable size pump main

1. Flow Rate
To get flow rate, use the table 9.11 in the Red Book, Human Settlement Planning and design
Volume 2 in chapter 9, page 20.
𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑋 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑎 𝑋 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑠 1
Q = 𝑥 60𝑋60𝑋24 = m3 /s
1000

Public Stand posts (Node 1)

50𝑥7𝑥105 1
Q1 = 𝑥 60𝑋60𝑋24 = 4.253X10−4 m3 /s
1000

House connection (Node 2)

80𝑥7𝑥300 1
Q2 = = 𝑥 60𝑋60𝑋24 = 19.444X10−4 m3 /s
1000

Yard Connections (Node 3)

100𝑋7𝑋250 1
Q3= 𝑥 60𝑋60𝑋24 = 20.255X10−4 m3 /s
1000

Public Stand Posts (Node 4)

50𝑥7𝑥150 1
Q4= 𝑥 60𝑋60𝑋24 = 6.076X10−4 m3 /s
1000

Total Flow Rate

Q(total) = Q1 + Q2 + Q3 + Q4
= 4.253X10−4 m3 /s + 19.444X10−4 m3 /s + 20.255X10−4 m3 /s + 6.076X10−4 m3 /s
= 5.00287X10−3 m3 /s
Pressure exerted by the pump:

Apply Bernoulli equation between pump (point1) and top water level (point 2), datum as
pump center.

7|Page
 𝑃 𝑉2 𝑃 𝑉2
𝑍1 + + = 𝑍2 + + + 𝐻𝐿1−2
𝛾 1 2𝑔1 𝛾 2 2𝑔2

𝑃 1.22
0+ + = 512 + 0 + 0 + [32560.57704𝑥(6.003𝑥10−3 )2 ]
1𝑥9.811 2𝑥9.811

𝑃 = 511.10059541 𝐾𝑃𝑎

Head losses (Pipe friction)

Assume D (pipe diameter) = 110mm (maximum for worst case scenario)

ɛ = 0.0015 mm from appendix D
1 𝐷
= 2𝑙𝑜𝑔10 ( ɛ ) + 1.14 from appendix A
√𝜆
110
= 2𝑙𝑜𝑔10 (0.0015) + 1.14

=0.00846
8𝜆𝐿𝑄 2
Head losses due to friction = 𝜋2 9.81𝑋𝐷2
8𝑋0.00846𝑋750𝑋𝑄 2
= 𝜋 2 9.81𝑋0.1102

= 32560.577𝑄 2
H (system) = H(static) + H(losses) + H(velocity)
= 48 + 32560.57704𝑄 2 + 564.353𝑄 2
= 48 + 33124.927𝑄 2
Flow rate (m3 /s) 0 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008
Head (m) 80 75 69 59 5
Efficiency (%) - 60 82 70 20
System Head (m) 48 48.135 48.530 49.193 50.120

8|Page
 PUMP CHARACTERISTICS
100
90
80
70
60
50 Head (m)
40 Efficiency (%)

30 System Head (m)

20
10
0
0 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008
Flow rate (m3/s)

At Duty Point
Flow rate (Q) = 0.0065 m3 /s
Head (h) = 50 m
Efficiency (ɲ) = 72%
𝑄ƪ𝑔ℎ
𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 =
ɲ
0.0065𝑋1𝑋9.81𝑋50
= 0.72

= 4.428KN
Price Cost = Rands X kW X Day
= R0.9612 X 4.428 X 8 X 365
=R12428.0853/year
2.2 Appropriate size for the distribution pipeline (Distribution side)
All peak factors obtained from the Human Settlement Planning and design vol.2 Chapter 9
page 23 Table 9.15
Node 1
Data: Q1 = 0.425l/s
Peak factor (Public stand post) = Sumer Peak factor X Daily Peak Factor
= 1,2 X 30
= 5.6
Peak flow = Q1 X Peak factor

9|Page
 = 0.425 X 3.6
= 1.526 l/s
Node 2
Data: Q2 = 1.944l/s
Peak factor (House connection) = Sumer Peak factor X Daily Peak Factor
= 1.5 X 2.4
= 3.6
Peak flow = Q2 X Peak factor
= 1.944 X 3.6
= 6.998 l/s
Node 3
Data: Q3 = 3.510l/s
Peak factor (Yard Connections) = Sumer Peak factor X Daily Peak Factor
= 1.35 X 2.6
= 3.510
Peak flow = Q3 X Peak factor
= 3.510 X 2.026
= 7.110l/s
Node 4
Data: Q4 = 0.608l/s
Peak factor (Public Stand post) = Sumer Peak factor X Daily Peak Factor
= 1.2 X 3
= 3.6
Peak flow = Q4 X Peak factor
= 0.608 X 3.6
= 2.188 l/s
Pipe Diameter
𝐹𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒
Area= 𝑉𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦

Velocity 0.8 is taken

From reservoir to Node 1
π X d2 1.562x10−3.-0.8.
=
4
d = 0.0499m

10 | P a g e
From Node 1 to Node 2
,,π X d-2.-4.=,6.998x,10-−3.-0.8.
d = 0.0995m
From Node 2 to Node 3
,,π X d-2.-4.=,7.100x,10-−3.-0.8.
d = 0.095m
From Node3 to Node 4
,,π X d-2.-4.=,2.188x,10-−3.-0.8.
d = 0.0482

Design Drawings
/

Conclusion
Based our findings that were obtained with the aid of the “human settlement planning and design,
volume 2” textbooks, the maximum value of the discharge range stated was used .reason being to
allow for both peak water demands as well as in situations where communities are faced with a
serious need for water such as with extremely hot climatic conditions that we face in South Africa.

Therefore the required discharge the community will thus require will be a discharge 5.00525 l/s,
this will thus be sufficient to supply the entire community with the required water needed. The
required discharge will therefore be sufficient to supplying all public stand post, house connections
as well as yard connections.
In order to reduce the cost of construction and maintenance we have decided to use a Upvc pipe. As
these pipes are the easiest to install and maintained and it is thus also the cheapest as compared to
other pipes such as brass, steel, copper, cast iron and galvanized pipes. In order to distribute the
water to the different sectors of the community 4 node connections will be used to distribute the
water to the community.
The temperature of the water which will be discharged will be maintained at a range of 15 0C and 20
0C
Recommendations

11 | P a g e
Due to power failures and other factors that might affect steady flow as mentioned we have
designed our pump to produce flow that is 20% more than the discharge need and it is
recommended that a second centrifugal pump with same characteristics be installed and a fuel
generator that will enable the pump to run even at longer periods of power failure.

Reference
Human settlement design Vol.2 compiled under the patronage of the Development of Housing
by CSIR building and construction technology
Walter Sisulu University Water Engneering (Hydraulics) handbook compiled by Mr B
Valentyne
http://www.ee.coza/article/domestic-electricity-prove-five-metros-eskom-
cpmared.html#.W8bjCsvRbqA
http://www.cheresources.com/invision/topic/19822-exit/loos-coeficient/

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