DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL

ENGINEERING

STUDENT NAME : A. Rauzela

STUDENT NO : 214178811

SUBJECT CODE : WWT 22P1

SUBJECT : WATER & WASTEWATER TREATMENT II

PRACTICAL TOPIC : JAR TEST (FLOCCULATION)

DUE DATE : 21/05/ 2018

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION.......................................................................3

OBJECTIVE...............................................................................3

APPARATUS.............................................................................3

PROCEDURE............................................................................4

DATA RESULTS........................................................................4

GRAPHS....................................................................................5

CONCLUSION...........................................................................6

REFERENCE.............................................................................6

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 INTRODUCTION

The laboratory exercise of using different coagulants to check which of the two different
coagulants which is Aluminium sulphate and ferric sulphate will give the best results.
The test to determine the optimum dosage of coagulant carried in a jar test where firstly
the coagulant will be added in a source of water and rapid mixing of this water would be
applied to completely dissolve the coagulants in the water. Then the process of
flocculation will be applied in this mixture for a longer period of time were small particles
are brought together by gentle stirring so that it can result into larger particles formed,
then the lastly starring will be stopped then the last step will occur where all small
particles will settle in the bottom of the jar and these particle are called flocs.

OBJECTIVE

 To assess a variety of coagulant for their ability to enhance contaminant removal.

 To perform scale model test on selected coagulants to determine dose over a
range of jar test.
 To quantify contaminant removal efficiency as a function of the flow and
coagulant type.

APPARATUS

 6 x Glass Beakers (preferably 500ml)

 Ferric Sulphate – coagulant
 Turbid meter – Used to measure Turbidity
 40ml test tubes

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 PROCEDURE

 The six glass beakers of 500ml were filled (not to the brim in order to allow
the introduction of the coagulant and for avoidance of spillage when
conducting continuous gentle stirring at the flocculation stage to follow) with
cloudy water, with the intention to assess the best coagulant dosage to
effectively reduce the turbidity of the water.
 The six glass beakers filled with the cloudy water and the sixth beaker was a
control.
 The beakers were filled with varying amounts of coagulant (10ml, 20ml, 30ml,
40ml, 50ml) The coagulant used was ferric sulphate and were measure in a
measured stand.
 The stirring was started.
 The containers that were filled with the coagulant were introduced into the six
glass beakers simultaneously, and then allowed to be stirred 10 min for
settling.
 A sample of the coagulated water was taken, inserted and measured in the
turbidity, Ph., temperature in the water.

DATA RESULT

Ferric Beaker No. Turbidity NTU’s PH Temperature

sulphate (0C)
Standard NTU’s=14.2
Sample water NTU’s= 549
5 ml 1 210 2.76 22
10 ml 2 165 2.35 22.2
15 ml 3 134 2.2 22.5
20 ml 4 193 2.09 22.6
25 ml 5 292 1.19 21.9
30 ml 6 190 2.37 29.4

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 Graph of chemical dosing, turbidity and ph

pH vs Dosage
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2.5

1.5
Series 1

0.5

0
Dosage

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 Turbidity vs Dosage
300

250

200

150
Turbidity vs Dosage

100

50

0
D0sage

Conclusion

The addition of coagulant to the water and flocculation occurred really made the colloid
to settle at the bottom of the six beakers into which the chemical is added. The ferric
sulphate produced clear coloured water which has low turbidity but it was not suitable
for domestic use or for drinking. This means that even though enough time was allowed
for the flock to settle down, the coagulant failed to lower the turbidity and was not strong
enough to remove the electro-static force between the particles so that they might
attract each other then settle.

Aluminium sulphate has thus been found to be the preferable coagulant that yields
better results.

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REFERENCE

 WATER AND WASTE WATER TREATMENT (PRACTICAL MANUAL)

 WATER ENGINEERING 2, WATER AND WASTE WATER TREATMENT
(WWT 22P1)

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