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SOIL PROFILE BOREHOLE LOCATION PLAN
10.0
8 0
N-VALUES N-VALUES
7 0
6 0
N-VALUES 7
8.0 5
5 0
4 0 4 27
3 0 15 10
3 21 20
6.0
2 0
25
1 0 12
9 22 2 19
0 0
5
3
-1 0
4.0-2 0 18 1
0 4 3
2
-3 0
-4 0 1 03 2
6
ELEVATION (m)
2.0
-5 0
12
-6
-7
0
0
11 6 3
17 12 16
0.0
-8 0
-9 0
-10 0
13 BH-05
-2.0 16
12 HIGHLY COMPRESSIBLE
19 LEGEND:
-4.0 16 STRATA
26 SILTY SAND/FINE SAND
-6.0 34
BH-01 BH-03 LOW PLASTIC CLAY/SILTY CLAY
-8.0
SECTION: X-X HIGH PLASTIC CLAY
-10.0
CHARACTERISTIC PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF COARSE & FINE GRAINED SOIL FOR EVALUATION OF SETTLEMENT DUE TO CONSOLIDATION
TABLE-01: VOID RATIO, e & DRY UNIT WEIGHT,ϒd TABLE-02: CONSOLIDATION PROP. OF NORMALLY CONSOLIDATED SANDY SOIL TABLE-04: TYPICAL VALUES OF COMPRESSION INDEX
PRINCIPLES OF GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING-B.M DAS. REF: ADAPTED FROM BERMISTER, 1962; [GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES & PRACTICES- DONALD REF.: PROF. JUAN M. PESTANA- NASCIMENTO [UNIVERSITY OF
REF: [PAGE NO:59, TABLE 3.2, CHAPTER: VARIOUS UNIT WEIGHT P. CODUTO (2ND EDITION)] CALIFORNIA, BERKLEY]
RELATIONSHIPS, 7TH EDITION] Cc/(1+e0)
SYMBOL
SOIL TYPE COMP. INDEX, Cc
USCS
SOIL TYPE
DRY UNIT WEIGHT,ϒd Dr=0% Dr=20% Dr=40% Dr=60% Dr=80% Dr=100% NORMALLY CONSOLIDATED CLAYS 0.20 - 0.50
SOIL TYPE VOID RATIO, e
lb/ft3 kN/m3 MEDIUM TO COARSE SAND, SOME GRAVEL SW 0.005 CHICAGO CLAY WITH SILT (CL) 0.15-0.30
Loose uniform sand 0.8 92 14.5 MEDIUM TO COARSE SAND SW/SP 0.01 0.008 0.006 0.005 0.003 0.002 SWEDISH CLAY (CL-CH) 1-3
Dense uniform sand 0.45 115 18 FINE TO COARSE SAND SW 0.011 0.009 0.007 0.005 0.003 0.002 CANADA CLAY (CL-CH) 1-4
Loose angular-grained silty FINE TO MEDIUMSAND SW/SP 0.013 0.01 0.008 0.006 0.004 0.003 ORGANIC CLAYS 4 AND MORE
0.65 102 16
sand FINE SAND SP 0.015 0.013 0.01 0.008 0.005 0.003 PEATS (Pt) 10-15
Dense angular-grained Silty FINE SAND WITH TRACE FINE TO COARSE SILT SP-SM - - 0.011 - - - ORGANIC SILTS and CLAYEY SILTS (ML-MH) 1.5-4.0
0.4 121 19
Sand FINE SAND WITH LITTLE FINE TO COARSE SILT SM 0.017 0.014 0.012 0.009 0.006 0.003 MEXICO CITY CLAY (MH) 7-10
Stiff clay 0.6 108 17 FINE SAND WITH SOME FINE TO COARSE SILT SM 0.014 TABLE-05: OTHER CORRELATIONS FOR DETERMINATION OF Cc
Soft clay 0.9–1.4 73–93 11.5–14.5 TABLE-03: CONSISTENCY CLASSIFICATION OF COARSE GRAINED SOILS. Cc= 0.007 (LL-7.0) SKEMPTON [1944]
Loess 0.9 86 13.5 REF: US NAVY 1982 & LAMBE & WHITMAN, 1969. Cc= PI / 74 (*PI: PLASTICITY INDEX) Kulhawy and Mayne, 1990
Soft organic clay 2.5–3.2 38–51 6–8 [GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES & PRACTICES- DONALD P. CODUTO (2ND EDITION)] Cc= 0.5 X Gs X [ PI/100 ] Wroth and Wood [1978]
Glacial till 0.3 134 21 SPT- N1 60 CLASSIFICATION RELATIVE DENSITY {%) Cc= 1.15 [ e0-0.27] Nishida [1956]
>32 VERY DENSE 85-100 PROJECT TITLE: JURAIN RAILWAY OVERPASS. [PACKAGE: 10]
SETTLEMENT ANALYSIS
Carriageway Width
B = 20.210
4.50
0.00
4.50 10.11
0.00 h1
Fill
0.00
Layers 1 to 20 (compressible)
HARD STRATA
* DRAWING NOT TO SCALE
1.Input data-1 (General)
Location km ABUTMENT-II
Fill Slope (V:H) - 0.445 1.Incompressible strata (Stiff Clay) at : 8.00 m, below original ground level.
Slope of the berm % 0 2.Water table is considered to be at original ground level(for worst condition of settlement).
78.8 kN/m2
4. Input data-4 (Charectaristics of original ground)
Original ground strata - i. ii. iii. iv.
Layer No No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Layer depth(D) m 0.400 0.400 0.400 0.400 0.400 0.400 0.400 0.400 0.400 0.400
SANDY STRATA
Initial void ratio (eo) - 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Saturated density(ϒsat) kN/m3 17.500 17.500 17.500 17.500 17.500 17.500 17.500 17.500 17.500 17.500
Design Submerged density kN/m3 7.690 7.690 7.690 7.690 7.690 7.690 7.690 7.690 7.690 7.690
Cc/(1+e0) - 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.012
Layer No No 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
LOW PLASTIC CLAYEY STRATA
Layer depth(D) m 0.300 0.300 0.300 0.300 0.300 0.300 0.300 0.300 0.300 0.300
Dry density(ϒd) kN/m3 11.000 11.000 11.000 11.000 11.000 11.000 11.000 11.000 11.000 11.000
Initial void ratio (eo) - 0.900 0.900 0.900 0.900 0.900 0.850 0.850 0.850 0.850 0.850
Saturated density(ϒsat) kN/m3 26.800 26.800 26.800 26.800 26.800 26.800 26.800 26.800 26.800 26.800
Design Submerged density kN/m3 16.800 16.800 16.800 16.800 16.800 16.800 16.800 16.800 16.800 16.800
Compressibility index(Cc) - 0.350 0.350 0.350 0.350 0.350 0.320 0.320 0.320 0.320 0.320
DEVELOPMENT CONSTRUCTIONS LTD. 10/29/2018 SETTLEMENT UNDER EMBANKMENT FOR RAMPS BEHIND ABUTMENT. #JROB
SETTLEMENT ANALYSIS
6. Settlement Calculation
Strata No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
2
Initial effective stress(Po) kN/m 1.54 4.61 7.69 10.77 13.84 16.92 19.99 23.07 26.15 29.22
Width of fill slope (a) m 10.11 10.11 10.11 10.11 10.11 10.11 10.11 10.11 10.11 10.11
Half road wodth (b) m 10.11 10.11 10.11 10.11 10.11 10.11 10.11 10.11 10.11 10.11
Depth [G.L to mid. of layer] (z) m 0.20 0.60 1.00 1.40 1.80 2.20 2.60 3.00 3.40 3.80
a-z ratio(a/z) - 50.53 16.84 10.11 7.22 5.61 4.59 3.89 3.37 2.97 2.66
b-z ratio(b/z) - 50.53 16.84 10.11 7.22 5.61 4.59 3.89 3.37 2.97 2.66
Influence value - 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Load increament(∆P) kN/m2 78.75 78.75 78.75 78.75 78.75 78.75 78.75 78.75 78.75 78.75
Primary settlement (δi) m 0.010 0.007 0.006 0.005 0.005 0.004 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003
Strata No. 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
2
Initial effective stress(Po) kN/m 2.52 7.56 12.60 17.64 22.68 27.72 32.76 37.80 42.84 47.88
Width of fill slope (a) m 10.11 10.11 10.11 10.11 10.11 10.11 10.11 10.11 10.11 10.11
Half road wodth (b) m 10.11 10.11 10.11 10.11 10.11 10.11 10.11 10.11 10.11 10.11
Depth [G.L to mid. of layer] (z) m 4.30 4.60 4.90 5.20 5.50 5.80 6.10 6.40 6.70 7.00
a-z ratio(a/z) - 2.35 2.20 2.06 1.94 1.84 1.74 1.66 1.58 1.51 1.44
b-z ratio(b/z) - 2.35 2.20 2.06 1.94 1.84 1.74 1.66 1.58 1.51 1.44
Influence value - 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Load increament(∆P) kN/m2 78.75 78.75 78.75 78.75 78.75 78.75 78.75 78.75 78.75 78.75
Primary settlement (δi) m 0.083 0.058 0.048 0.041 0.036 0.030 0.028 0.025 0.024 0.022
Considering single way drainage , time taken for different degree of consolidation is tabulated below.
Degree of consolidation: % 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 70.00 80.00 90.00 95.00 99.90
Settlement(δT): m 0.046 0.091 0.137 0.183 0.228 0.274 0.320 0.365 0.411 0.434 0.456
Length of effective drainage path(H): m 4.000 4.000 4.000 4.000 4.000 4.000 4.000 4.000 4.000 4.000 4.000
,[2]
Time factor Tv - 0.008 0.031 0.071 0.126 0.197 0.286 0.403 0.567 0.848 1.129 1.781
Coeficient of consiliodation ,(Cv)average m2/Day 0.034 0.034 0.034 0.034 0.034 0.034 0.034 0.034 0.034 0.034 0.034
Time reqired for consolidation(t): Days 3.75 15.00 33.77 60.18 94.09 136.60 192.48 270.81 405.01 539.22 850.63
DEVELOPMENT CONSTRUCTIONS LTD. 10/29/2018 SETTLEMENT UNDER EMBANKMENT FOR RAMPS BEHIND ABUTMENT. #JROB
SETTLEMENT ANALYSIS
0.6 10
1 48 mm 15
Settelment in cm
20
1.4
TOTAL PRIMARY SETTLEMENT:
25
1.8
30
2.2 35
40
2.6
45
3
50
3.4 1 10 100 1000
Time in Days
DEPTH [mBGL]
3.8
4.9
395 mm
20
Degree of Consolidation (%)
5.2 30
TOTAL PRIMARY SETTLEMENT:
40
5.5
50
5.8
60
6.1 70
80
6.4
90
6.7
100
1.00 10.00 100.00 1000.00
7
Time in Days
PROJECT TITLE:
JURAIN RAILWAY OVERPASS
ANALYSIS ON:
REFERENCES SETTLEMENT UNDER EMBANKMENT FOR
RAMPS BEHIND ABUTMENT
ANALYZED BY:
American Association of State
AASHTO LRFD BRIDGE DESIGN
1.0 Highway and Transportation ARTICLE NO : 10.6.2.4.3 PRIODEEP CHOWDHURY
SPECIFICATIONS- (GEOTECHNICAL & FOUNDATION DESIGN
Officials,(7TH EDITION-2014)
ENGINEER.)
CHECKED BY:
PRINCIPLES OF GEOTECHNICAL CHAPTER 11:
B. M DAS (7TH EDITION)
COMPRESSIBILITY OF SOIL C. K. MANDAL
2.0
ENGINEERING
(DIRECTOR-PLANNING & OPERATIONS)
CHAPTER 11:
GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING:
3.0
PRINCIPLES & PRACTICE
DONULD. P. CODUTO COMPRESSIBILITY & DEVELOPMENT CONSTRUCTIONS LTD.
SETTLEMENT
DEVELOPMENT CONSTRUCTIONS LTD. 10/29/2018 SETTLEMENT UNDER EMBANKMENT FOR RAMPS BEHIND ABUTMENT. #JROB
DEVELOPMENT CONSTRUCTIONS LTD.
ANALYSIS ON PERFORMANCE OF SAND DRAIN
TO ACCELERATE CONSOLIDATION SETTLEMENT
PROPERTIES OF SAND DRAIN & SUB-SURFACE DETAILS:
rw= 150 mm
Spacing, S= 900 mm
de=1.05 x S= 945 mm
r e= 472.5 mm
n= re/rw = 3.15 mm
Hc= 2.5 m
Cv= 0.032 m 2 /day
*Sand drains will be installed in the triangular pattern at
900mm c/c distance. FIG. 01: PLAN & SECTION OF SAND DRAINS
CONSIDERATIONS:
→ The load (surcharge) would be applied in the form
of a ramp .
→ It has been considered, it would take 60 days to
complete total loading.
→ tc has been considered as 60 days.
→ Hence, degree of consolidation due to vertical &
radial drainage has been calculated after 80 days of
ultimate loading. tc= 60 DAYS [CONSIDERED]
→ When surcharge is applied in the form of a ramp,
there would be no smear zone. FIG. 02: APPLICATION OF SURCHARGE IN THE FIG. 03: CONCEPT OF DEVELOPMENT OF
FORM OF RAMPS. SMEARED ZONE AROUND SAND DRAIN.
If the surcharge is applied in the form of a ramp and there is no smear, then (Olson, 1977)
Ur = 84%
Uv= 52%
FIG. 04: Tv Vs Uv with respect to Tc.
For a given surcharge and duration, the average degree of consolidation due to drainage in the vertical and radial directions is,
Uv,r= 92%
REFERENCES
PRINCIPLES OF FOUNDATION B. M DAS
[ 7TH EDITION]
CHAPTER: 14; ARTICLE 14.8 [PAGE: 745 TO 755]
ENGINEERING
ANALYSED BY: PRIODEEP CHOWDHURY CHECKED BY: C.K MANDAL DATE: 30.10.2018