CH 1 Buildings

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Chapter One
Building
1.1 Introduction
A building, is a structure broadly consists with roof, floors and walls standing more or
less permanently in one place, such as a house or factory. In other words, it is a permanent or
temporary structure within exterior walls and a roof, and including all attached apparatus,
equipment, and fixtures, that cannot be removed without cutting into ceiling, floors or walls.
Normally all buildings are constructed according to drawings and specifications
prepared by architects and designers.
The method adopted for construction and choice of material to be used in the building
depends upon a number of factors like character of occupancy, location of site, climate, local
materials and funds available.
1.2 Types of Buildings

1.2.1 Every building or portion of land shall be classified according to its use or the character
of its occupancy as a building of Occupancy, They are categorized into the following types:
 Agricultural Buildings:
They are the structures designed for farmers and for agricultural practices, for growing
and harvesting crops, and to raise live stock. Cow Shed, Pigsty, Barn, Chicken coop,
Farm house etc. are the example of Agricultural Buildings.
 Commercial Buildings:
They are the buildings, which are used exclusively for commercial use. Super
Markets, Sky Scrapers, Ware house, Bank, Automobile companies, Gas stations
etc. are the example of Agricultural Buildings.
 Residential Buildings:
Residential Buildings means any hotel, motel, apartment house, lodging house, single
and dwelling, or other residential building which is heated or mechanically cooled.
Building may vary significantly between, single-family building, multi-family building
or mobile homes. Apartment, Villa, Bungalow etc. are the example of Residential
Buildings.
 Educational Buildings:
A building designed for various activities in a primary, secondary, or higher
educational system and often including living areas for students, such as dormitories.
School, collage, Archive, Museum, Library etc. are the example of Educational
Buildings.
 Government Buildings:
It is a building that houses a branch of government. Capitol, Embassy, Prison, Fire
Station, Post Office etc. are the example of Governmental Buildings.
A Report of Major Project Prepared by: Suman Jyoti

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 Industrial Buildings:
It defines industrial purposes as: Factories and other premises used for manufacturing,
altering, repairing, cleaning, washing, breaking-up, adapting or processing any article;
generating power or slaughtering livestock. These buildings are design to house
industrial operations and provide the necessary conditions for workers, and for the
operation of industrial Equipment. Factory, Windmill, Water Mill, Tide Mill, Power
Plant etc. are the example of Industrial Buildings.
 Military Buildings:
This building is a structure designed to house the functions, performed by a military
unit. Barracks, Bunker, Castle, Fortification, Citadel etc. are the example of Miltary
Buildings.
 Religious Buildings:
These are the buildings for religious purpose, with a large open interior and exterior or
other monumental qualities. They often have spires, towers, domes rising above the
main structure. Church, Temple, Mosque, Pyramids, Shrine etc. are the example of
Religious Buildings.
 Transportation Buildings:
This is structural buildings, which consists of the means of equipment necessary for the
movement of passengers or goods on land, water, and air ways. Air port, Railway
Station, Bus Station, Parking Garage, Light house etc. are the example of
Transportation Buildings.
 Mercantile Buildings:
These shall include any building or a part of a building which is used as shops, stores,
market for display and sale of merchandise either wholesale or retail.
 Hazardous Buildings:
These shall include any building or part of a building which is used for the storage,
handling, manufacturing or processing of highly combustible explosive materials or
product which are liable to burn with extreme rapidly.
 Assembly Buildings:
These shall include any buildings or part of a buildings where group of people
congregate or gather for amusement, recreation, social, religious, perodic, civil, travel
and similar purposes. Theaters, motion picture house, assembly halls, exhibition halls,
gymnasiums, place of dancing and singing, club rooms, terminals of air etc. are the
example of Assembly Buildings.
1.2.2 Classification of Buildings based on type of construction buildings:
 Fire resistive Buildings
 Non-Combustible Buildings
 Ordinary Buildings
 Heavy timber Buildings
 Wood framed Buildings
Among then we will choose to design of 2.5 storey of Residential type of Buildings. This
type of building Norms, Specification, Architect Design and Estimation are shown below.

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1.3 Components of Buildings
1. Foundation
A foundation is necessary to evenly distribute the entire building load on the soil in such a
manner that no damaging settlements take place. Hence, the foundations need to be constructed
on good/solid ground.
2. Plinth
A plinth is normally constructed just above the ground level and immediately after the
foundation. It raises the floor above the ground level and herewith prevents surface water from
entering the building.
3. Damp proof course (DPC)

Damp proof course is a layer of water proofing material such as asphalt or waterproof cement.
Walls are constructed above the damp proof course.
Damp proof course prevents surface water from rising into the walls.
Dampness reduces the strength of the walls and creates unhealthy living conditions. Also it
affects the paint and plaster and increasing the cost of maintenance.
Damp proofing layer is not required where a plinth beam is constructed, because the plinth
beam already performs like a DPC.
4. Plinth beam
A plinth beam is constructed depending upon the type of the structure of the building and nature
of the soil. It provides additional stability in regard to settlements of the building and
earthquake damages.
5. Floor
This is the surface on which we do most of our activities. Floorings is laid over the filling of
the plinth and on subsequent floors.
Flooring can be done with different materials, but care must be given that the ground below
the floor is well compacted. Flooring is done to prevent dampness from rising to the top and to
have a firm platform that can be kept hygienic and clean.
6. Walls
Walls are the vertical elements on which the roof finally rests. They can be made of different
materials like bricks, stones, mud, concrete blocks, lateritic blocks etc. If the walls are very
long, columns can be provided to carry the roof.
Walls provide privacy and enclosure. Walls also provide security and protection against natural
elements such as wind, rain and sunshine.
Openings are to be provided in wall for access and ventilation.
7. Openings
Openings are normally provided in the walls as door, windows and ventilators.
Doors provide access; windows and ventilators provide light and ventilation.
Lintels are constructed just above the openings. It is normally a stone slab or a concrete slab.

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Sill is the part of the wall that is just below the window.
Lintels are constructed to hold up the walls above the openings. In earthquake prone areas a
continuous lintel beam is provided all over the walls.
8. Stairs
A stair is a sequence of steps and it is provided to afford the means of ascent and descent
between the floors and landings. The apartment or room of a building in which stair is located
is called staircase. The space or opening occupied by the stair is called a stairway. There are
different kind of stairs are used in buildings, like RCC stair, wooden stair, metal stair, brick
stair etc.
9. Roof
The roof provides protection for the building and the people living in it. The roof rests on the
walls and requires proper anchoring so that wind and other mechanical impact cannot destroy
it. A roof can have different shapes but it is always either flat or sloping. Roof is typically made
of RCC, stone slab, tiles etc.
10. Surfaces / finishes

External finishes are the outer most layer of protection, which protect the structure from
weathering. Internal finishes are the layers given on internal faces. They give durability and
pleasing appearance to the inside.

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1.4 Technical Norms and Standards for 2.5 Storey residential Buildings in
terms of Nepal.
 Total occupy Land Area for purposed Buildings= 1000 sq. m

 Span of Beam = 14 feet 8 inch (maximum)
 Floor Area = 145 sq. m (maximum)
 Set Back
- For provide window = 5 feet
- For provide verandah = 8 feet
- Slab projection = 1 feet 6 inch
 Minimum size of Column = 12 * 12 Inch
 Slab Thickness = 5 Inch min.
 Minimum floor Height = 9 Feet
 Sill Level = 2 Feet 6 Inch
 For Staircase
- Minimum width of Tread = 8 Inch
- Maximum height of Riser = 10 Inch
-Source: National Building Code (NBC) 205
1.5 Architectural Drawings (2.5 storey Buildings)
-Drawing are showing in A1 paper in Next page.

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1.6 Measure a plot of land for building layout.

(Location = MAMTS Ground Gothatar)

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Ground Floor Plan

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First Floor Plan

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Second Floor Plan

1.7 Quantity calculation and Cost Estimation (2.5 storey Buildings)

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Council for Technical Educational and Vocational Training (CTEVT)

QUANTITY ESTIMATION OF MAJOR PROJECT BUILDINGS
Location: Madan Ashrit Memorial Technical School
Gothatar, Kathmandu
S.N PARTICULARAS OF ITEM NO LENGTH BREADTH HEIGHT QUANTITY UNIT REMARKS
(m) (m) (m)
1. Site Clearance
-Along 1-1 to 4-4 1 8.890 8.407 ---------- 74.742 m2 (1 inch = 0.025 m)
-Along 4-4 to 5-5 1 1.524 3.276 ---------- 4.994 m2
Total 79.736 m2
2. Earthwork in Excavation in
Foundation
-Rectangular Column 12 1.524 1.524 1.524 42.475 m3
-Circular Column 2 1.524 1.524 1.524 7.079 m3
-Along center 1-1 to center 2-2 4 2.438 0.229 1.067 2.383 m3
-Along center A-A to center B-B 4 1.753 0.299 1.067 1.713 m3
-Along center B-B to center C-C 3 0.153 0.299 1.067 0.112 m3
-Along center C-C to center D-D 3 1.803 0.299 1.067 1.322 m3
Total 57.641 m3
3. R.C.C and P.C.C Work
a) Under Ground Level
-Foundation Base(Rectangular) 12 1.524 1.524 0.279 7.776 m3 H = 11 inch from
-Foundation Base(Circular) 2 1.524 1.524 0.279 1.296 m3 section of foundation.
Lower Tie beam
-Along center 1-1 to center 2-2 4 3.658 0.229 0.305 1.022 m3 H = 1 feet lower tie
-Along center 2-2 to center 3-3 4 3.835 0.229 0.305 1.071 m3 beam.
A Report of Major project Quantity Estimate Estimated By: Suman Jyoti

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(m) (m) (m)
-Along center B-B to center C-C 3 1.676 0.229 0.305 0.351 m3 L = 5’+3’10”/2 =
-Along center C-C to center D-D 3 3.023 0.229 0.305 0.633 m3 4’5”
- Trapezium Section of Column at D =3’6” = 1.067 m
Foundation base 14 1.346 1.524 x0.381+1.5 x 0.3812 11.160 m3 A = Bd +Sd2
-Rectangular Column 12 0.305 0.305 0.838 0.935 m3 S= adopt 1.5 and B = 5 feet
-Circular Column 2 𝜋 m3 𝜋
x 0.3052 0.838 0.122 A = 4 x d2
4
Total 25.366 m3
b) Above Ground Level
Upper Tie beam
Total 4.077 m3
Damp Proof Course
-Along 1-1 to 4-4 1 8.890 8.407 -------- 74.738 m2
-Along 4-4 to 5-5 1 1.524 3.276 -------- 4.993 m2
*Deduct* Adopt thickness of
2
-Column portion 14 0.305 0.305 -------- -1.302 m DPC = 10 cm
Total 78.429 m2

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(m) (m) (m)
c) Ground Floor
Flooring
-Along 1-1 to 4-4 up to 4cm thick 1 7.493 7.670 0.040 2.299 m3
Column
-Circular Column 2 π/ 4 0.3052 2.743 0.802 m3
Beam
Slab (Ceiling)
-1st portion (including all rooms) 1 9.627 8.890 0.127 10.870 m3
-Remain Portion at balcony 1 0.965 3.582 0.127 0.439 m3
Sill
-9inch width 1 31.420 0.228 0.101 0.724 m3
-4inch Width 1 39.446 0.101 0.101 0.402 m3
Lintel
-9inch width 1 31.420 0.228 0.101 0.724 m3
-4inch Width 1 39.446 0.101 0.101 0.402 m3
*Deduct*
-Column portion for Sill 12 0.305 0.305 0.101 0.113 m3
-Column Portion for Lintel 12 0.305 0.305 0.101 0.113 m3
*Openingsr*
-Chain Gate 1 1.676 0.228 0.101 -0.039 m3
-Door (D1) 5 0.915 0.228 0.101 -0.105 m3
-Door (D2) 1 0.762 0.228 0.101 -0.018 m3
Total = 24.610 m3

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(m) (m) (m)
d) First Floor
Flooring
Column
-Circular Column 2 π/ 4 0.3052 2.743 0.802 m3
Beam
Slab (Ceiling)
-1st portion (including all rooms) 1 9.627 8.890 0.127 10.870 m3
-Remain Portion at balcony 1 0.965 3.582 0.127 0.439 m3
Sill
-9inch width 1 31.420 0.228 0.101 0.724 m3
-4inch Width 1 39.446 0.101 0.101 0.402 m3
Lintel
-9inch width 1 31.420 0.228 0.101 0.724 m3
-4inch Width 1 39.446 0.101 0.101 0.402 m3
*Deduct*
*Openings*
-Door (D) 1 1.219 0.228 0.101 -0.028 m3
-Door (D1) 5 0.915 0.228 0.101 -0.105 m3
-Door (D2) 1 0.762 0.228 0.101 -0.018 m3
Total = 24.599 m3

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(m) (m) (m)
e) Second Floor
Flooring
-Along A-A to C-C up to 4cm
thick excluding Balcony. 1 8.103 5.258 0.040 1.704 m3
Column
Beam
Slab (Ceiling) 1 10.440 5.639 0.127 7.476 m3
Sill
-9inch width 1 24.359 0.228 0.101 0.561 m3
-4inch Width 1 16.586 0.101 0.101 0.169 m3
Lintel
-9inch width 1 24.359 0.228 0.101 0.561 m3
-4inch Width 1 16.586 0.101 0.101 0.169 m3
*Deduct*
*Openings*
-Terrace Door 1 0.915 0.228 0.101 -0.021 m3
-Door (D1) with space 3 0.915 0.228 0.101 -0.063 m3
-Door (D2) 1 0.762 0.228 0.101 -0.017 m3
Total 16.606 m3

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(m) (m) (m)
4. 1st Class brickwork in 1:4 C:S
mortar
a) Brickwork in Superstructure.
-9" thick Wall of length 3.658 m 5 3.658 0.229 2.438 10.211 m3 12’0” wall
-9" thick Wall of length 3.835 m 5 3.835 0.229 2.438 10.705 m3 12’ 7” wall
-9" thick Wall of length 2.972 m 3 2.972 0.229 2.438 4.978 m3 9’-9” wall
-4" thick Wall of length 3.658 m 6 3.658 0.101 2.438 5.404 m3 12’0” wall
-4" thick Wall of length 3.835 m 6 3.835 0.101 2.438 5.666 m3 12’ 7” wall
-Terrace Parapet of length 1.219 m 2 1.219 0.229 0.381 0.213 m3 9” thick of 1’3” ht.
*Deduct opening*
- Door(D) of 4'0"x7'0" 3 1.219 0.229 2.134 -1.787 m3
-Door (D1) 3'0"x7'0" 10 0.914 0.101 2.134 -1.970 m3
-Door (D2) 2'6"x7'0" 3 0.762 0.101 2.134 -0.492 m3
-Window(W1) of 6'0"x4’6" 14 1.829 0.229 1.371 -8.039 m3
-Window(W2) of 4'0"x4’6" 2 1.219 0.229 1.371 -0.765 m3
-Ventilation (V1) of 3'0"x 3'0" 3 0.914 0.229 0.914 -0.574 m3
-Ventilation (V2 ) of 3'0"x 21'8" 1 0.914 0.229 7.518 -1.574 m3 21’8” height at
-opening at staircase 1 2.134 0.229 2.438 -1.191 m3 staircase openings
b) Brickwork in Sub-structure.
Along 1-1 to 4-4
-Long Portion 3 8.128 0.229 0.838 4.679 m3
-Short Portion 4 7.798 0.229 0.838 5.986 m3
Along 4-4 to 5-5
-Long Portion 1 2.972 0.229 0.838 0.570 m3
-Short Portion 2 1.219 0.229 0.838 0.468 m3

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(m) (m) (m)
c) Brickwork Soling in Foundation
Base 14 1.524 1.524 0.102 3.317 m3 Soling at 4cm thick
Total 55.817 m3
5. Mild Steel including bending in
reinforcement in RCC work. Density of steel 78.5
-R.C.C footing @0.5% 1 (20.232 x 0.5)/100 x 78.5 7.941 q q/cm
-R.C.C columns @1.7% 1 (11.082 x 1.7)/100 x 78.5 14.789 q
-R.C.C beams @1.0% 1 (28.528 x 1.0)/100 x 78.5 22.394 q
-R.C.C roof slab @0.8% 1 (30.094 x 0.8)/100 x 78.5 18.900 q
Total 64.024 q
6. 12mm plaster 1:4 Cement Sand
mortar.
a) Inner Side Room
Room (13'-0" x 10'-8")
-Long Side 2x3 3.962 2.743 --------- 65.206 m2
-Short Side 2x3 3.251 2.743 --------- 53.505 m2
Room (13'-0" x 10'-10")
-Long Side 2x2 3.962 2.743 --------- 43.471 m2
-Short Side 2x2 3.302 2.743 --------- 36.230 m2
Kitchen Room (6'-8" x 5'-10")
-Long Side 2x3 2.032 2.743 --------- 33.443 m2
-Short Side 2x3 1.778 2.743 --------- 29.262 m2
Room (13'-6" x 10'-10")
-Long Side 2x2 4.115 2.743 --------- 45.150 m2
-Short Side 2x2 3.302 2.743 --------- 36.230 m2
Toilet (8'-6" x 5'-6")
-Long Side 2x3 2.590 2.743 --------- 42.626 m2
-Short Side 2x3 1.676 2.743 --------- 27.583 m2

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(m) (m) (m)
b) Inner Side Passage
Passage (13'-0" x 10'-8"
-Long Side 2x6 3.962 --------- 2.743 130.413 m2
-Short Side 2x5 3.251 --------- 2.743 89.175 m2
*Deduct opening*
-Door(D) of 4'0"x7'0" 1x3 1.219 --------- 0.229 -0.837 m2
-Door (D1) 3'0"x7'0" 2x10 0.914 --------- 0.101 -1.846 m2
-Door (D2) 2'6"x7'0" 2x3 0.762 --------- 0.101 -0.462 m2
-Window(W1) of 6'0"x4’6" 1 x14 1.829 --------- 0.229 -5.864 m2
-Window(W2) of 4'0"x4’6" 1x2 1.219 --------- 0.229 -0.558 m2
-Ventilation (V1) of 3'0"x 3'0" 1x3 0.914 --------- 0.229 -0.628 m2
-Ventilation (V2 ) of 3'0"x 21'8" 1x1 0.914 --------- 0.229 -0.209 m2
Total 621.890 m2
c) Outer Side Room
 Ground and First Floor
 Along 1-1 to 4-4
-Long Side 2x2 9.931 --------- 2.743 108.963 m2 32' - 7" x 29' - 2"
-Short Side 2x2 8.890 --------- 2.743 97.541 m2
 Along 4-4 to 5-5 (Parapet) Parapet ht. of plaster1 feet
2 3 inch only
-Long Side 1x1 3.581 --------- 0.381 1.363 m
-Short Side 2x1 1.829 --------- 0.381 1.394 m2 11' - 9" x 6' - 0"
 Second Floor
 Along A-A to C-C
- Long Side 2x1 8.407 --------- 2.743 46.121 m2 27' - 7" x 17' - 3"
-Short Side 2x1 5.258 --------- 2.743 28.845 m2 excluding Balcony
 Parapet
-1st Floor 1 31.013 --------- 0.381 11.816 m2 Parapet ht. of plaster1 feet
-2nd floor excluding Roof 1 7.391 --------- 0.381 2.816 m2 3 inch only

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(m) (m) (m)
*Deduct*
-11 feet 9 inch Gate 1 3.581 --------- 2.743 -9.823 m2
-Chain Gate of 5'6"x9'0" 1 1.676 --------- 2.743 -4.597 m2
-Door(D) of 4'0"x7'0" 2 1.219 --------- 2.134 -5.203 m2
-Door (D1) 3'0"x7'0" 5 0.914 --------- 2.134 -9.752 m2
-Window(W1) of 6'0"x4’6" 14 1.829 --------- 1.371 -35.106 m2
-Window(W2) of 4'0"x4’6" 2 1.219 --------- 1.371 -3.342 m2
-Ventilation (V1) of 3'0"x 3'0" 3 0.914 --------- 0.914 -2.506 m2
-Ventilation (V2 ) of 3'0"x 21'8" 1 0.914 --------- 7.518 -6.871 m2
Total 288.455 m2
7. Painting Works.
Inner Side Room
a) Room (13'-0" x 10'-8")
-Long Side 2x3 3.962 2.743 --------- 65.206 m2
-Short Side 2x3 3.251 2.743 --------- 53.505 m2
Room (13'-0" x 10'-10")
-Long Side 2x2 3.962 2.743 --------- 43.471 m2
-Short Side 2x2 3.302 2.743 --------- 36.230 m2
Kitchen Room (6'-8" x 5'-10")
-Long Side 2x3 2.032 2.743 --------- 33.443 m2
-Short Side 2x3 1.778 2.743 --------- 29.262 m2
Room (13'-6" x 10'-10")
-Long Side 2x2 4.115 2.743 --------- 45.150 m2
-Short Side 2x2 3.302 2.743 --------- 36.230 m2
Toilet (8'-6" x 5'-6")
-Long Side 2x3 2.590 2.743 --------- 42.626 m2
-Short Side 2x3 1.676 2.743 --------- 27.583 m2

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(m) (m) (m)
b) Inner Side Passage
Passage (13'-0" x 10'-8"
-Long Side 2x6 3.962 --------- 2.743 130.413 m2
-Short Side 2x5 3.251 --------- 2.743 89.175 m2
*Deduct opening*
-Door(D) of 4'0"x7'0" 1x3 1.219 --------- 0.229 -0.837 m2
-Door (D1) 3'0"x7'0" 2x10 0.914 --------- 0.101 -1.846 m2
-Door (D2) 2'6"x7'0" 2x3 0.762 --------- 0.101 -0.462 m2
-Window(W1) of 6'0"x4’6" 1 x14 1.829 --------- 0.229 -5.864 m2
-Window(W2) of 4'0"x4’6" 1x2 1.219 --------- 0.229 -0.558 m2
-Ventilation (V1) of 3'0"x 3'0" 1x3 0.914 --------- 0.229 -0.628 m2
-Ventilation (V2 ) of 3'0"x 21'8" 1x1 0.914 --------- 0.229 -0.209 m2
Total 621.890 m2
c) Outer Side Room
 Ground and First Floor
 Along 1-1 to 4-4
-Long Side 2x2 9.931 --------- 2.743 108.963 m2 32' - 7" x 29' - 2"
-Short Side 2x2 8.890 --------- 2.743 97.541 m2
 Along 4-4 to 5-5 (Parapet) Parapet ht. of painting1
2 feet 3 inch only
-Long Side 1x1 3.581 --------- 0.381 1.363 m
-Short Side 2x1 1.829 --------- 0.381 1.394 m2 11' - 9" x 6' - 0"
 Second Floor
 Along A-A to C-C
- Long Side 2x1 8.407 --------- 2.743 46.121 m2 27' - 7" x 17' - 3"
-Short Side 2x1 5.258 --------- 2.743 28.845 m2 excluding Balcony
 Parapet
-1st Floor 1 31.013 --------- 0.381 11.816 m2 Parapet ht. of painting1
-2nd floor excluding Roof 1 7.391 --------- 0.381 2.816 m2 feet 3 inch only

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(m) (m) (m)
*Deduct*
-11 feet 9 inch Gate 1 3.581 --------- 2.743 -9.823 m2
-Chain Gate of 5'6"x9'0" 1 1.676 --------- 2.743 -4.597 m2
-Door(D) of 4'0"x7'0" 2 1.219 --------- 2.134 -5.203 m2
-Door (D1) 3'0"x7'0" 5 0.914 --------- 2.134 -9.752 m2
-Window(W1) of 6'0"x4’6" 14 1.829 --------- 1.371 -35.106 m2
-Window(W2) of 4'0"x4’6" 2 1.219 --------- 1.371 -3.342 m2
-Ventilation (V1) of 3'0"x 3'0" 3 0.914 --------- 0.914 -2.506 m2
-Ventilation (V2 ) of 3'0"x 21'8" 1 0.914 --------- 7.518 -6.871 m2
Total 288.455 m2
8. R.C.C work excluding Steel for
Staircase
a) Dog legged Staircase
-Inclined Portion 6 1.981 1.000 0.127 1.510 m3
-Landing 3 1.168 2.134 0.127 0.950 m3
-Steps 30 𝟏 0.254 0.773 m3
x 0.254 x 0.203
𝟐
b) Normal Staircase
-Inclined Portion 1 2.794 0.914 0.127 0.324 m3
-Steps 11 𝟏 0.229 0.073 m3
x 0.229 x 0.254
𝟐
Total 3.630 m3 Density of steel 78.5
c) RCC Staircase Slab- @0.8% 1 (3.630 x 0.8)/100 x 78.5 2.280 q q/cm
9. Openings Chaukhat
 Door(D) of 4'0"x7'0"
 Horizontal 2x1 1.219 0.102 0.076 0.019 m3
 Vertical 2x2 2.134 0.102 0.076 0.066 m3
 Door (D1) 3'0"x7'0"
 Horizontal 14x1 0.914 0.102 0.076 0.099 m3
 Vertical 14x2 2.134 0.102 0.076 0.463 m3

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(m) (m) (m)
 Door (D2) 2'6"x7'0"
 Horizontal 3x1 0.762 0.102 0.076 0.018 m3
 Vertical 3x2 2.134 0.102 0.076 0.099 m3
 Window(W1) of 6'0"x4’6"
 Horizontal 14x2 1.829 0.102 0.076 0.397 m3
 Vertical 14x4 1.372 0.102 0.076 0.596 m3
 Window(W2) of 4'0"x4’6"
 Horizontal 2x2 1.219 0.102 0.076 0.038 m3
 Vertical 2x3 1.372 0.102 0.076 0.064 m3
 Ventilation (V1) of 3'0"x 3'0"
6x2 0.914 0.102 0.076 0.085 m3
 Horizontal
6x2 0.914 0.102 0.076 0.085 m3
 Vertical
 Ventilation (V2) of 3'0"x 21'8"
 Horizontal 1x12 0.660 0.102 0.076 0.061 m3
 Vertical 1x3 6.604 0.102 0.076 0.154 m3
Total 2.244 m3
10. Panel Shutter
-Door(D) of 4'0"x7'0" 2 2.057 1.067 ---------- 4.390 m2
-Door (D1) 3'0"x7'0" 14 2.057 0.762 ---------- 21.944 m2
-Door (D2) 2'6"x7'0" 3 2.057 0.610 ---------- 3.764 m2
-Window(W1) of 6'0"x4’6" 14 1.524 1.219 ---------- 26.008 m2
-Window(W2) of 4'0"x4’6" 2 0.990 1.219 ---------- 2.414 m2
-Ventilation (V1) of 3'0"x 3'0" 6 0.762 0.762 ---------- 3.484 m2
Total 62.004 m2
1.8 Comments and Conclusion

We should adopt design is easiest and the estimated cost of the building was done to make most economical to being purposed building
comfortable, safe and durable. All Design Criteria like Norms, Specification, and Legal policies are follow while designing of Buildings.

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1.2 Types of Buildings

A Report of Major Project Prepared by: Suman Jyoti

A Report of Major Project Prepared by: Suman Jyoti

1.3 Components of Buildings

3. Damp proof course (DPC)

A Report of Major Project Prepared by: Suman Jyoti

10. Surfaces / finishes

A Report of Major Project Prepared by: Suman Jyoti

 Total occupy Land Area for purposed Buildings= 1000 sq. m

-Source: National Building Code (NBC) 205

1.5 Architectural Drawings (2.5 storey Buildings)

-Drawing are showing in A1 paper in Next page.

A Report of Major Project Prepared by: Suman Jyoti

1.6 Measure a plot of land for building layout.

A Report of Major Project Prepared by: Suman Jyoti

Ground Floor Plan

A Report of Major Project Prepared by: Suman Jyoti

First Floor Plan

A Report of Major Project Prepared by: Suman Jyoti

Second Floor Plan

A Report of Major Project Prepared by: Suman Jyoti

Council for Technical Educational and Vocational Training (CTEVT)

A Report of Major project Quantity Estimate Estimated By: Suman Jyoti

S.N PARTICULARAS OF ITEM NO LENGTH BREADTH HEIGHT QUANTITY UNIT REMARKS

A Report of Major project Quantity Estimate Estimated By: Suman Jyoti

S.N PARTICULARAS OF ITEM NO LENGTH BREADTH HEIGHT QUANTITY UNIT REMARKS

A Report of Major project Quantity Estimate Estimated By: Suman Jyoti

A Report of Major project Quantity Estimate Estimated By: Suman Jyoti

A Report of Major project Quantity Estimate Estimated By: Suman Jyoti

S.N PARTICULARAS OF ITEM NO LENGTH BREADTH HEIGHT QUANTITY UNIT REMARKS

A Report of Major project Quantity Estimate Estimated By: Suman Jyoti

S.N PARTICULARAS OF ITEM NO LENGTH BREADTH HEIGHT QUANTITY UNIT REMARKS

A Report of Major project Quantity Estimate Estimated By: Suman Jyoti

S.N PARTICULARAS OF ITEM NO LENGTH BREADTH HEIGHT QUANTITY UNIT REMARKS

A Report of Major project Quantity Estimate Estimated By: Suman Jyoti

S.N PARTICULARAS OF ITEM NO LENGTH BREADTH HEIGHT QUANTITY UNIT REMARKS

A Report of Major project Quantity Estimate Estimated By: Suman Jyoti

S.N PARTICULARAS OF ITEM NO LENGTH BREADTH HEIGHT QUANTITY UNIT REMARKS

A Report of Major project Quantity Estimate Estimated By: Suman Jyoti

A Report of Major project Quantity Estimate Estimated By: Suman Jyoti

1.8 Comments and Conclusion

A Report of Major project Quantity Estimate Estimated By: Suman Jyoti

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