UNIT 7: QUESTION 1

This question is based on the accompanying documents (1-7). Some of the

documents have been edited for the purpose of the question. The question is
designed to test your abitity to work with historical documents. As you analyze the
documents, take into account both the context of each document and any point of
view that may be presented in the documenL l

Directions: This document-based question consists of two parts. Use back or dark ink to
answer the question,

Historicat Context: The lndustrial Revolution, which began in England in the 1750's,
changed the way people produced goods. Instead of making goods at homety hand, they
,rere no* produced in factories with the help of machines- In the period following the
American biuil War, the United State became the world's leading industrialized nation
by producing goods for both our country and the world.

Task: Using information from the documents and your knowledge of Social Studies,
answer the questions that follow each document in Part A. Your answers to the questions
will help you to write the Part B essay in which you will be asked to: .,

. Compare the way in which goods were produced before and after the Industrial
Revoludon.
. State the way in which railroads helped the tndustrial Revolution
. Describe rwo problems that workerJ faced as a result of the'Industrial Revolution.

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 PART A: .
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Short Answers
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Directions:
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Analyze the documents and answer the questions that follow each document in the space
provided. Answers to the questions will help you write the essays. I
Document I
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THE GROWTH OF BUSINESSES IN AMERICA ( rE70-1E90) I
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Mastering IJ.S. History &. hvernnwnr

hrblishing.)
- An Interactive Textbook by Killoran, Zimmcr & Jarrett (Jarett I
1. How many businesses were there in 1880? Inl890? I
2. Using documents I and 2 state one way the expansion of railroads helped to
industrialize our nation.
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 Document 2
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Tbe inroduction of the refrigirared railroad car in
200 the 1870's allowed fresh meat and produce o'be
transported all over the nation. As a result
tt 175 American businesses and diets were revolutionized
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t, 150
:'
scl 125
-g
tn 100
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J 75
= 50

25

18s0 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900

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Why was the introduction of rhe refrigerated railroad car important to the American
diet?

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? etate one way that the expansion of railroads helped to industrialize our nation.
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Document 3 T
Work Before Industrialization EI

Visit this craftsman's shop in l8b century America:

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We enter the pewter's shop of WilliamWitl, [Pewter is a metal made by E
conbining tin wirt copper, lead, and animony.J His wife.and daughter take downfrom
the shelves several pewter bas,ins, mugs, and plates. Nbxt we go into a small building to
watch the men at work Mr. WiU, the master, is seated before a bench assembling the
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parts of a mug. An apprentice, boy who is learning the trade, wearily cranks a great
wheel. It turns a machine which one of the master's sons ls using to polish a pewter I
bowl, Working over the forge is a iourneyman. He has finishedl* ipprentiiieship and is
working to save enough moncy'io sei himsef up as a' master in his own shop. He is
carefully pouring pewter into a innll nlold
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How did becoming an apprentice help prepare a person to learn a trade? I
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 Document 4

Work After Industrialization

Now hear a skilled roolmaker in the late l9u century tell how his work has been
affected by industrialization and mass production:

One man may make a parricular pan of a machine and may not know anything a
great
wharever about *otit.r part oi the same machine. In that way, much is produced a
deal cheaper rhan it used- to be. In fact, 100 men are able to do now what
it took 30O or
a
400 men to do 15 Years ago.

There is no sysrem of apprenticeship. You simply go in pd learn whatever job

you are assigned.

Ithas a bad effect upon your mind. A man think of nothing else hut that
particular small job. He has got no chance whatever to learn anything else'

l. Srate and explain two ways in which a skjlled toolmaker's work changed
with
industrializarion and mass production.

2. to Document 3 and Document 4, which system can produce the most

According-the
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goods ut cheaPest Price?

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Document 5
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NUMBER OF CHILDREN NUMEER OF CH]LDREN
WORKING IN TE}TILE MILLS WORKING IN COAL MINES I
1m,900 50,000
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90,mo -'ttl
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,/ 19,999
80,m0 I

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20,000 I
,/
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7O,mO
10,000
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1885 1EE6 18g7 188t 1849 1885 1885 1887 18aE 1 889 T

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l. By 1888, how many children were working in the textile mills?
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In coal mines? I
Z. Why was there an increase in child labor during the Industrial Revolution?
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 Document 6

Nladame C.J. Walker

Built a successful busi-
ness and amassed a
fonune from her
beauty products.
bom in Louisiana as
Sarah Breelove in
1867, she was raised
in St. Louis, Missouri.
While working as laun-
dress over a washtub she
asked herself what she was
going to do-when she got.old.and.heq-.-..---

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gave her a formula for a hair condi-
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tioner and sell it door to door. En-
couraged by her success, she
introduced a line of cosmetics and
opened a chain of beauty parlors. By
1910, her company had sales of
$1,000 a day and employed 5,000
saleswomen around the world. Se
, died in New York City in 1919.

The African-American Etperience- A History (Globc Fearon) p.228.

1. Explain how Madame C.J. Walker built a successful business in the beauty products
and cosmetics industries.

2. Idenrify two obstacles that Madame Walker may have faced when trying to start her
business.

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Document 7

Poor Working Conditioos. Long Hours. Working houn

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Workiug was oftcn extrcmclY wcre very long. Employccs
bazardous. Therc were fcw
safeguards around machinerY.
, faced a sixday wcck with
between 10 and 14 hours of work
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thousands of workcn were injured or
kilted in accidents eacb Year.
a day.

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PROBLEMS
FACED BY
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INDUSTRIAL
WORKERS t
Long Wagcs. Employers hired
thc cbeapest possiblc laborers.
Women,and chil&en were
Leck of Security. Tbc workcr
could bc hrcd at anY timc fu
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any reason. Thcre was uo
especially low-paid. Child taborcrs
uncmployme nt insurance, healtb
misscd sunshinc, frcsb air, PlaY
insurancc, old'agc Pensions, Paid
and thc chance to bettsr tlteir
livcs through schooling.
bolidays or pad sick daYs.
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Boring,'Repe titivc Tasks.
As industrialists sougbt' to
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active greater specd and
cfficiency, thc workcr
becamg'notlring morc that a
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buman,rnachinc. Wqk
becamc lcss skillc4 morc
repetitive, monotonous and
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boring.
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Discuss two problems faced by workers that resulted from the tndustrial Revolution. I
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 PART B: ESSAY

Directions:

Analyze the documents and answer the questions that follow each document in the space
provided. Answer the questions will help you write the essays.
:

Historicat Context: The Industrial Revolution, which began in England in the 1750's,
changed the way people produced goods. Instead of making goods at home by hand, they
were now produced in factories with the help of machines. In the period following the
American Civil War, the United Sutes became the world's leading industrialized nation
by producing goods for both our country and the world.

Task:..Using.information from the documents and your knowledge of Social StuOies,

answer the questions that follow each document in Part A. Your answers to'the questions
will help you write the Part B essay in which you will be asked to:
r Compare the way in which goods were produced before and after the
fnOuiuiat Revolution
o State the way in which railroads helped the Industrial Revolution.
. Describe two problems that workers faced as a resull of the Industrial Revolution.'

Be sure to include specific details. You must also include additional information
from your knowtedge of Social Stud.ies.

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 Graphic Organizer 7 (1) E
Compare the way in which goods were produced hs&re, and after the
Industrial Revolution. E
Before After t
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State and explain the way in which,railroads helped the Industrial
Revolution. E
E.

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 GraPhic Organi zet 7 (l)

Describe two probtems workers faced as a result of the Industrial

Revolution.

Problem I:

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Problem 2:
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 (l)
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trssAY oUTLINE 7

In this essaY I will identify

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In this essay I will discr,ss
ln this essay I will describe E
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Prior to E
Before

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After
Following
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In Addition t
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As a result of
Because of
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Consequently
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I have refer,-ed to documents:
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