When did they live? Where did they live?

What new information did they contribute to the understanding of the atom? How did they find
this new information? (What experiments did they do? Interesting facts – other accomplishments, personal information, famous
historical events at the time, etc.

J. J Thompson

In 1897, Thomson showed that cathode rays were composed of previously unknown negatively charged particles, which he calculated
must have bodies much smaller than atoms and a very large value for their charge to mass – ratio. Thomson is also credited with finding the first
evidence for isotopes of a stable (non-radioactive) element in 1913, as part of his exploration into the composition of canal rays (positive ions).
His experiments to determine the nature of positively charged particles, with Francis William Aston, were the first use of mass spectrometry and
led to the development of the mass spectrograph. J. J Thompson born December 18, 1856 at Cheetham hill, Manchester, United Kingdom and
he died August 30 1940 and Joseph John Thompson discover electron, isotopes, subatomic particle. The first is the experiment of Joseph John
Thomson, who first demonstrated that atoms are actually composed of aggregates of charged particles. Prior to his work, it was believed that
atoms were the fundamental building blocks of matter. The first evidence contrary to this notion came when people began studying the
properties of atoms in large electric fields. Joseph John Thomson was born in Manchester, England and was the eldest son of a bookshop owner.
He showed great academic promise at an early age and was admitted to Owens College at the young age of 14.
In 1876 he entered Trinity College, University of Cambridge where he received his B.A in mathematics in 1880.
He became a Fellow of Trinity College in 1881 and received his MA with honors there in 1883.
His Master's thesis, Treatise on the motion of vortex rings, described the mathematics of William Thomson's vortex theory of atoms.
He published several important papers on mathematical and experimental electromagnetism.
He theorized the electromagnetic mass of a charged particle and demonstrated that speed increased the mass of a charged particle.
On 12 June 1884 he was elected Fellow of the Royal Society and on December 22 of that year became Cavendish Professor of Physics at the
University of Cambridge.
In 1887 he measured the heat generated by cathode rays and found that they were 1000 times lighter than the hydrogen atom and that their
mass was the same as that of the atom from which they were generated.
In 1888 he published Applications of dynamics to physics and chemistry in which he stated the mathematics of the transformation of energy.
In April 1897 he discovered that cathode rays could be defected by a magnetic field and that their fluorescent path was the same regardless of
the material or gas used.
This finding suggested that cathode rays were of the same form independent of their origin.
He published many papers laying down the mathematical models for James Maxwell's theories in electromagnetism.
In 1906 he demonstrated that hydrogen had only one electron per atom.
He designed instruments to pas cathode rays through a magnetic field and he was the first to determine the mass-to-charge ratio of cathode
rays.
In 1908 he was knighted for his contributions to science and in 1912 he received the Order of Merit.
In 1912 he and his research assistant measured the defection of neon through an electric field and observed two separate deflections proving
for the first time the presence of isotopes in a non-radioactive element.
In 1918 he became Master of Trinity College and held the post until his death.