Consider a series of odd natural number

1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 17,………………………..∞

12 = 1 And the first term of this series is also 1.

22 = 4 and the sum of first two terms is also equal to 4 as 1 + 3 = 4.

32 = 9 And the sum of first three terms is also equal to 9 as 1 + 3 + 5 = 9.
42 = 16 And the sum of first four terms is also equal to 16 as 1+ 3+ 5+7= 16.
n2 = sum of n terms of the A.P. of odd numbers.
Let us call it Odd Number Series Rule [ONSR]
Proof of the statement:-

Summation of n terms of the A.P. of odd numbers is equal to n2.

Here’s the proof:-

1,3,5,7,9,11,13,………………..upto nth term

Here a=1 and d=2

The formula for the sum of n terms of a A.P. is

𝑛
𝑆𝑛 = [2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑]
2
𝑛
𝑆𝑛 = [2 × 1 + (𝑛 − 1)2]
2
𝑛
𝑆𝑛 = (2 + 2𝑛 − 2)
2
𝑆𝑛 = 𝑛2
Hence proved

PYTHAGOREAN TRIPLETS:-
Some common Pythagorean triplets in their simplest form are:-

i. 3,4,5
ii. 5 , 12, 13
iii. 7 , 24, 25
iv. 8 , 15, 17
v. 9 , 40, 41
vi. 12,35,37

In the given examples, we are considering the triplets where the difference
between the two biggest numbers is 1(i. , ii. , iii. & v).

Let them call as unit form of Pythagorean triplets.

In these unit forms the smallest no. is an odd number. So let’s make unit form of
these triplets starting from odd number

i. 1,0,1
ii. 3,4,5
iii. 5 , 12, 13
iv. 7 , 24, 25
v. 9 , 40, 41
vi. 11,60, 61
vii. 13,84, 85

The series of first term is making an A.P. of odd numbers

1,3,5,7,9,11,13,………………..upto nth term

Here a=1 and d=2

The formula for the nth term of a A.P. is

𝑇𝑛 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
𝑇𝑛 = [1 + (𝑛 − 1)2]
𝑇𝑛 = (1 + 2𝑛 − 2)
𝑇𝑛 = 2𝑛 − 1
Therefore the first term of the unit form of Pythagorean triplet will be 2n-1

Now considering the series of second term of triplet

0 , 4 , 12 , 24 , 40 , 60,…………….upto n terms

4(0 , 1 , 3 , 6 , 10 , 15,……………….)

4(0+1 , 0+1+2 , 0+1+2+3 , 0+1+2+3+4 , 0+1+2+3+4+5, ……………………)

So the nth term will be = 4[0+1+2+3+4+5+6+………………..+(n-1)]

𝑛 𝑛
= 4[ [0 + (𝑛 − 1)] {Applying formula 𝑆𝑛 = (𝑎 + 𝑙)}
2 2

= 2n(n-1)

Therefore the second term of the unit form of Pythagorean triplet will be 2n(n-1).

Since the third term is one more than the second term.

Therefore the third term of the unit form of Pythagorean triplet will be 2n(n-1)+1.

Therefore the general equation for the unit form of Pythagorean triplet will be
(2n-1) , [ 2n(n-1)] , [ 2n(n-1)+1]
Q.1 Find the square of 7 by ONSR method?

SOLUTION. By ONSR method

72=1+3+5+7+9+11+13=49

Q.2 Find the length of other two sides of right-angled triangle having its
Pythagorean triplet of the unit form whose hypotenuse is equal to 41cm.
SOLUTION. By comparing with the general equation of the unit form of Pythagorean triplet

2𝑛(𝑛 − 1) + 1 = 41
2𝑛(𝑛 − 1) = 41 − 1
2𝑛2 − 2𝑛 = 40
𝑛2 − 𝑛 − 20 = 0
𝑛2 − 5𝑛 + 4𝑛 − 20 = 0
𝑛(𝑛 − 5) + 4(𝑛 − 5) = 0
(𝑛 + 4)(𝑛 − 5)

𝑛 = −4 & 𝑛 = 5
n cannot be equal to -4, because one side will become negative.

∴𝑛=5
Putting the value of n in general equation, we get

2(5)-1 , 2(5)(5-1) , 41
 9,40,41 is the required triplet

Therefore the lengths of the other two sides are 9cm & 40cm

The above you have studied is only the unit form of triplets. What about the
triplets which do not have a difference of 1 unit between them. Some have a
difference of 2 or 3 etc. like the triplet 8,15,17 has the difference of 2 and

9,12,15 has a difference of 3. By seeing them we notice that when we divide them
with their differences then we get the triplets in unit form. When we divide
8,15,17 by 2 we will get 4,7.5,8.5 and 9,12,15 by 3 we will get 3,4,5 which are the
unit form of Pythagorean triplet.

Therefore from the above discussion, we learn that “By dividing the triplets by
the difference between the two bigger terms of the triplets then it will
become the unit form of triplets”. Also by multiplying the unit form of triplets
by any number we will get another triplet and hence we can get infinite number of
triplets from the same triplet.
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