MBA (Thesis) F

Contents
Letter of Transmittal .............................................................................................................................. iv

Authorization of Thesis ........................................................................................................................... v
Abstract .................................................................................................................................................. vi
Acknowledgements............................................................................................................................... vii
List of Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................ viii
Chapter 1: Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 1
1.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 2
1.2. Statement of the Problem ...................................................................................................... 3
1.3. Rationale of the study ............................................................................................................. 3
1.4. Objectives of the study ........................................................................................................... 3
1.4.1. Broad objective ..................................................................................................................... 3
1.4.2. Specific Objective .................................................................................................................. 4
1.5. Limitation of the Study............................................................................................................ 4
Chapter 2: Literature Review .................................................................................................................. 5
Chapter 3: Methodology ....................................................................................................................... 10
3.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 11
3.2. Research Design ......................................................................................................................... 11
3.3. Sampling and Population ........................................................................................................... 11
3.3.1. Population ........................................................................................................................... 11
3.3.2. Sampling Method ................................................................................................................ 12
3.3.3. Sampling Size ...................................................................................................................... 12
3.4. Data Collection ........................................................................................................................... 12
3.5. Data Analysis Technique ............................................................................................................ 13
Chapter 4: Data Analysis, Results and discussions................................................................................ 14
4.1. Firms Information ...................................................................................................................... 16
4.2. How Extensive is the focus on CSR in your company?............................................................... 19
4.3. What are the components of CSR activities in your company? ................................................. 21
4.4. What is the approach in your company towards CSR? .............................................................. 22
4.5. How does your organization incorporate value judgments and prevailing norms in your CSR
activities? .......................................................................................................................................... 24
4.6. How do you rate the role of the different stakeholders in creating business ethics in your
organization? .................................................................................................................................... 24
i
4.6.1. Role of (Employees-Directly)............................................................................................... 25
4.6.1.2. Role of (Employees-Indirectly) ......................................................................................... 26
4.6.2. Role of (Shareholders-Directly) ........................................................................................... 27
4.6.1.2. Role of (Shareholders-Indirectly) ..................................................................................... 28
4.6.3.1. Role of (Suppliers-Directly) .............................................................................................. 29
4.6.3.2. Role of (Suppliers-Indirectly) ........................................................................................... 30
4.6.4.1. Role of (Customers-Indirectly) ......................................................................................... 31
4.6.5.1. Role of (Competitors-Directly) ......................................................................................... 33
4.6.5.2. Role of (Competitors-Indirectly) ...................................................................................... 34
4.6.6.1. Role of (Government-Directly)......................................................................................... 35
4.6.6.2. Role of (Government-Indirectly) ...................................................................................... 35
4.6.7.1. Role of (Civil Society-Directly) .......................................................................................... 38
4.6.7.2. Role of (Civil Society-Indirectly) ....................................................................................... 38
4.6.8.1. Role of (Community-Directly) .......................................................................................... 40
4.6.8.2. Role of (Community-Indirectly)........................................................................................ 40
4.6.9.1. Role of (News Media-Directly) ......................................................................................... 42
4.6.9.2. Role of (News Media-Indirectly) ...................................................................................... 42
4.7. Role of the Existence of written Code of Ethics/Ethics Guidelines in organizational ethics in
your business .................................................................................................................................... 44
4.8. Does your organization have a formal document on Code of Ethics or Ethics Guidelines? ...... 45
4.9. Is your company’s ethics management associated with the following? ................................... 46
4.9.1. ( A) Addressing CSR issues as and when necessary ........................................................... 46
4.9.3. (B) Concerns with pragmatic business issues rather than unnecessarily spending time,
energy and resources in CSR ......................................................................................................... 47
4.9.3. (C) A combination of all ethical factors ............................................................................... 48
4.9.4. (D) Expenditures in philanthropic giving (sponsorships, charity and donations) in response
to requests .................................................................................................................................... 49
4.9.5. (E) Working out and maintaining high standards of ethical behaviour .............................. 50
4.10. How do you rate facilities for the employees in your company? ............................................ 50
4.10.1. Canteen for breakfast ....................................................................................................... 51
4.10.2. Transport for employees for their commuting to workplace from home) ....................... 52
4.10.3. Medical support at workplace for emergency attendance .............................................. 53
4.10.4.. Employee provident fund/Gratuity.................................................................................. 54
4.10.5. Training/development of human capital .......................................................................... 55
4.11. What actions does your company take in favor of environment conservation? .................... 56
ii
4.12. Are you familiar with the following tests ................................................................................. 57
4.12.1. Two-way test ..................................................................................................................... 57
4.12.2. Publicity test...................................................................................................................... 58
4.13. How strong is the Ethics training for employees/managers in your company ........................ 59
4.14. How good is the arrangement in your company for creating shared value of business,
institutions and community? ............................................................................................................ 61
4.15. How good is your company in promoting fair competition in the market? ............................ 62
4.16. How do you rate your company’s efforts in promoting innovation in business?.................... 63
4.17. What is the position of your company in terms of promoting sustainable business models? 64
4.19. How do CSR activities help achieving the short and long term goals of your organization? .. 65
4.20. Does your company have any organizational structure for management of CSR? ................. 66
4.21. Is there any practice of conducting cost-benefit analysis of CSR activities in your company?67
4.22. Is it possible that we can have the following figures (approximate or actual) for your
company? .......................................................................................................................................... 68
4.23. The interviewee’s comments on overall CSR activities of the company ................................. 70
Chapter 5: Conclusion ........................................................................................................................... 72
References ............................................................................................................................................ 73
Appendix ............................................................................................................................................... 75
iii
Letter of Transmittal
9th October, 2018

To
The Chairman
MBA Examination Committee
Department of International Business
Faculty of Business studies
University of Dhaka
Subject: Submission of Internship Report.
Dear Sir,
This is my great pleasure to submit this thesis report. The title of the report is “Practices of
CSR in the Business Firms of Bangladesh”. I have put my best effort to make this report a
successful one. It has been joyful & enlightening experience for me to work on this interesting
topic & prepare this report.
I would like to express my sincere gratitude to you for your kind guidance & suggestions in
preparing the report. It would my immense pleasure if you find this report useful & informative
to have an apparent perspective on the issue.
Sincerely Yours,
______________
Md.Shipon Rahman
Id: 47
MBA (10th Batch)
Session: 2016-17
University of Dhaka.
iv
Authorization of Thesis
This is to certify that, this research paper Titled “Practices of CSR in the Business Firms of
Bangladesh” has been conducted by Md.Shipon Rahman, under my supervision as a fulfillment
of the requirement of Master of Business Administration (MBA) degree from the Department
of International Business, University of Dhaka.
The idea and proceeding work on the thesis topic is an authentic work of him. No other entity
can claim to be behind the preparation of this study. Many published works have been used as
a guideline and they are referred properly throughout the text.
All the numerical data collection and analysis is done on the basis of the responses from the
respondents of this study in order to get the absolute correct results. All the other necessary
steps and rules for preparing have been complied duly.
Signature of the supervisor
Hazera Akter
Assistant Professor
University of Dhaka
v
Abstract
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has become a buzzword in recent time. This concept is
gaining acceptance throughout the world though lately but also to the third world nations
especially in Bangladesh. Since the concept in new to the most of the firms in Bangladesh but
many companies are agile enough to keep pace with the recent change in the corporate world
which came in the form of CSR. Lacks of Corporate Social Responsibilities in developing
countries have been a subject of major debates and scholarly discourse in recent decades. This
research study explores the Corporate Social Responsibilities (CSR) Practices in the Business
Firms of Bangladesh, and expatiates on the importance and the roles of CSR in general, and
particularly in Bangladesh. It highlights corporate practices in Bangladesh and also articulates
the rationale behind performing such activities.
Throughout the process of explanation this research study further investigates the role of
MNEs, Banks etc. and their implications for CSR in Bangladesh. Additionally, as a measure
of their effectiveness, this research study also discuss about the role of authorities which are in
charge to monitor , penalize (in case of Non-Compliance) and rewarded the business firms on
the issues of adopting and implementing CSR activities as par the requirement.
vi
Acknowledgements
I would like to thank my research supervisor Hazera Akter Madam for giving me the
opportunity to undertake this research study. I am immensely grateful for all your guidance and
advice before and during this research study. Being able to tap into your well of academic
knowledge was a surreal experience for me.
I hope this study will help me to take broader view on CSR and the present scenario of CSR
implementation in Bangladesh. I think the findings of this study will help us to decide upon
which areas of CSR are overlooked in Bangladesh and on which areas the Business firms of
Bangladesh are relying upon to fulfill the requirement of the concerned authority which are in
place to find out divergences.
vii
List of Abbreviations
CSR: Corporate Social Responsibility
BEI: Bangladesh Enterprise Institute
CSRB: CSR Bangladesh
EMBA Program: Evening MBA program
MNE: Multinational Enterprise
BAT: British American Tobacco
GP: Grameenphone
RMG: Ready- Made Garments
BB-Bangladesh Bank
viii
Chapter 1: Introduction
1
1.1. Introduction
In the contemporary phenomena, globally competitive companies must portray themselves as

socially responsible companies. Poor governance, human right violation, gender discrimination
and environmental pollution are considered as common phenomena in Bangladeshi companies
(Hossain, et al. 2005). CSR may play a vital role in the improving the overall image of corporate
sector. The critics of CSR contend that the practice of CSR is a waste of capital, because
resources channel in any direction other than economic goals represent illegitimate waste of
resources, as they are contradictory to business organization’s duty of maximizing the financial
gain of the shareholders. The critics of CSR further maintain that managers of corporations
have no right, obligation or expertise to fight social ills, which practice of CSR addresses4; and
that government – through legislation and regulations should be allowed to address such social
issues.
On the other hand, the proponents of CSR emphasize that the practice of CSR comes with vast
amount of benefits which outweighs its costs; and that engagement in CSR is a necessity for
businesses. For instance, one argument in favor of CSR holds that to facilitate appropriate
functioning of businesses, immediate CSR actions that can ensure the long term viability of
businesses must be taken as soon as possible. Another view in favor of CSR holds that effective
practice of CSR will hold off government interventions through regulations and legislation.
This infers that if business policies conformed to certain CSR standards and fulfill societal
expectations of business corporations, government interventions – through legislation and
regulations can be effectively forestalled.
An analysis of the above arguments, for and against the practice of CSR, indicates that effective
regulation of CSR remains a major tool, through which the practice of CSR can be effectively
carried out without compromising the main ambition of business and firms – maximization of
shareholders profits. From this viewpoint, it can be argued that regulation of the practice of
CSR by corporations should be prioritized by appropriate sectors of government in different
countries. The CSR regulatory laws that are passed by governments in various countries are
often uniquely powerful; and they have strong influence on expectations, responsibilities and
corporate behaviors of business organizations socially. Such social expectations normally act
as ‘focal points’ around which corporate organizations structure their behavior. However, it
2
has also been contended that a number of other factors such as NGO demands, consumer
demands and investor’s demands can interact to create incentives for corporations to conform
to the standard set out in the CSR regulatory laws.
1.2. Statement of the Problem
This research study seeks to analyze the “Practice of CSR in the Business Firms of
Bangladesh”. This study will also analyze the current status of CSR in Bangladesh and will
finds out the areas where the business firms of Bangladesh do conform to the stated guidelines
provided by concerned authorities (Bangladesh bank, Bangladesh enterprise institute and CSR
Bangladesh) and where they don’t. The motive behind this study is to find out the present
scenario of business firms in Bangladesh in relation to CSR practices; which can be analyzed
by the approach organizations taken towards CSR, investment of dedicated team, time and
money to address CSR and ethical issues, availability of code of conduct to have desired
attitudes and also by the concern over community and environment.
1.3. Rationale of the study
The rationale for focusing on practice and regulation of CSR in Bangladesh was based on the
fact that developing country, such as Bangladesh, has the most developing economy in the
world, and hence the most lucrative growth markets for businesses. However, it is a well-
known fact that social and environmental crises are most prominent and acutely felt in
developing country like Bangladesh. As aforementioned, this indicates that there is disparity
and flaws in the ways that CSR, in developing countries, are being addressed. Hence, from the
perspective of the researcher, the practice and regulation of CSR in developing countries
represent a unique CSR agenda or challenge which is worthy of exploration and study.
1.4. Objectives of the study

1.4.1. Broad objective
The main objective of this study is to explore the extent at which business firms of Bangladesh
address CSR and Ethical issues while conducting business and also to find out the areas where
they perform satisfactorily (Donations to charity, scholarship program) and where they
overlook (Employees welfare , Customers welfare, Community development , environmental
conservation etc.).
3
1.4.2. Specific Objective
 To understand the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility.

 To find out the extent and the kind of CSR practices by the
business firms in Bangladesh.
 To find out the areas of CSR which need to be addressed and prioritized.
1.5. Limitation of the Study
 Respondents comprise only the students of EMBA program of University of Dhaka;

who act as a representative of their respective organization which may not depict
the overall scenario.
 Few Respondents were not very much cooperative in terms of sharing numerical
data related to their expenditure on CSR.
 Most of the respondents were inclined to share their organogram.
4
Chapter 2: Literature Review
5
Literature Review
Concepts of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and its practices in Bangladesh have a long
history of philanthropic activities from time immemorial. Such philanthropic activities
included donations to different charitable organizations, poor people and religious institutions.
Until now, most businesses in Bangladesh are family owned and first generation ones. They
are involved in community development work in the form of charity without having any
definite policy regarding the expenses or any concrete motive regarding financial gains in many
instances.
CSR is one of business’s responsibilities to its stakeholder and also a deliberate involvement
by corporation to viable progress (Crane and Matten, 2007). But in case of Bangladesh, most
of the small and medium sized firms don’t have dedicated management structure and resources
to address societal and environmental issues rather oriented towards achieving profits. In
general, it is true that in Bangladesh, the status of labor rights practices, environmental
management and transparency in corporate governance are not satisfactory, largely due to poor
enforcement of existing laws and inadequate pressure from civil society and interest groups
like consumer forums.
In search of finding out the components of CSR we have generalized or specified few
components of CSR those are; employee rights and welfare, employers interest, product
quality and safety for the customers, preservation of suppliers and customers rights ,
community interest, responsibility towards government , environmental conservation and
many other things. After having conversation with many respondents as a part of my research
requirement; I came to know that most of the firms in Bangladesh fall into two approaches
towards CSR one is Donation or philanthropic approach another one is Stakeholder
approach and it was also found out that most of the companies on which we have studied on
are following Donation/Philanthropic approach; and Donation activities ranges from
providing donation to educational institutions, providing assistance to flood affected people,
donation to improve medical services , granting scholarship to the poor meritorious students
etc.
Though the past experiences regarding CSR implementation isn’t satisfactory but the thing is
that scenario is getting changed and global CSR practices are gradually being integrated into
international business practices because it’s becoming one of the determining factors of market
6
access. They are equally instrumental for better local acceptability on the part of businesses. A
focus on CSR in Bangladesh would be useful, not only for improving corporate governance,
labor rights, work place safety, and fair treatment of workers, community development and
environment management, but also for industrialization, gaining customer’s loyalty,
government support and ensuring global market access. Since, CSR entails working with
stakeholders, it is important to work from within and diagnose the stakeholders' concerns so
that CSR is truly embedded in the companies.
Though the scenario is changing but the fact is that most of the companies in Bangladesh don’t
have a formal document on code of ethics or ethics guidelines; which is also the evident of the
fact that they don’t invest a significant amount of time in dealing with ethical issues; but to
ensure compliance on ethical issues they depend on Human resource team, written code of
conduct (few of them), Board meetings etc.
The Banking sector of Bangladesh has been actively participating in various social activities.
However, these efforts were hardly recognized and labeled as CSR activities since most of the
financial institutions have not integrated CSR in their routine operation; rather these were in
the form of occasional charity or promotional activities. Bangladesh Bank has taken initiatives
in respect of formalizing CSR in the banking sector of Bangladesh and issued a directive to the
Banks and financial institutions; on June 01, 2008 in this regard. It defined the strategic
objective for CSR engagement, provided some priority areas with a suggestion to foster CSR
in their client businesses, and suggested a first time CSR program indicating some likely action
plans. Bangladesh Bank will monitor CSR adoption and CSR performance of banks and
financial institutions, as an additional dimension of their management performance.
Bangladesh Bank also had the opportunity to provide a sense of direction to the CSR agenda
of the banking sector when it suggested that, banks which are taking measures for
rehabilitating, agriculture, fisheries, livestock, and protecting environment, will be considered
as more compliant of Corporate Social Responsibility besides providing relief to the people
affected in natural calamities like 'Sidr' and 'Aila'. The banking community has responded
sensibly to the call for CSR and sustainable social development. We are also observing a
gradual but qualitative change in the CSR action programs undertaken by banks. For
example: 1) Disaster relief and rehabilitation became the segment where the highest number of
banks participated to help case the sufferings of the affected people. 2) Several banks
introduced micro-finance for the target groups, such as poor farmers, landless peasants, women
entrepreneurs, rootless slum people, handicapped people, etc.
7
Multinational enterprises in Bangladesh also play a significant role in fostering CSR
implementation process; as most of them have the affordability to build dedicated team and
resources to address issues beneficial for the society as a whole which is exemplified by the
activities performed by the MNE like Grameenphone, Uniliver and British American tobacco
(BAT) etc. As a measure of CSR, GrameenPhone is fully committed to ensuring that
Bangladesh meets the 2015 United Nations Millennium Development Goals, through
consolidation of its social investment initiatives in Bangladesh towards Poverty alleviation;
Healthcare; Empowerment; and Education. Unilever Bangladesh – which uses ethical CSR
approach to empower economic situation of women by facilitating access of women to IT
education, training and scholarship; British American Tobacco – which uses
legal/discretionary CSR approach to provide free basic IT education and re-forestation
programs to people of Bangladesh; and HSBC Bangladesh – which uses ethical CSR approach
to support disable people and disability centers.
Statistics shows that 78% of Bangladesh’s export incomes are often derived from garment
industry; and that ready-made garments (RMG) sector has ‘significant potential’ relative to
employment and foreign exchange earnings for the Economy of Bangladesh more than any
other sector of Bangladesh economy. However, evidence shows that volume of negative CSR
issues in this RMG sector of Bangladesh’s economy eclipsed CSR issues in other sectors; and
that Bangladesh’s RMG factories significantly fall short on social compliance. Social
compliance within RMG sectors encapsulates building standard of the factories, working
conditions of the workers, worker’s rights, worker’s health and safety, and environmental
safety issues. The overall compliance practices by MNEs in Bangladesh garment sectors have
been poor. One of the factors which have been emphasized as the determinants for prevalence
of poor social compliance and negative CSR issues among the MNEs in RMG sectors is the
lack of effective regulatory frameworks that are capable of holding MNEs accountable for
violation of human rights of their workers in developing countries such as Bangladesh.5
Incidents like Fire at Tazreen garments and collapse of Rana plaza could be the evident of
violation of such mentioned rights. Some of the exporters found difficulty in convincing the
US/EU buyers to have positive attitude towards Bangladesh due to inadequate CSR practices
as a result orders are snatched away from our exporters to the exporters of India and china.
With a view to improving practices and CSR implementation rate in Bangladesh several
initiatives has been taken by the concerned authorities like, Bangladesh Bank has taken
initiatives in respect of formalizing CSR in the banking sector of Bangladesh and issued a
8
directive to the banks and financial institutions; Other dedicated effort regarding CSR basically
derived from Bangladesh enterprise institute(BEI) which is a non-political research centre
established in October 2000.The Institute promotes issues of importance to the private sector
and seeks to initiate essential measures and influence policy for the development of a market-
oriented economy. BEI has organized a Roundtable discussion on CSR Practices and
Challenges in Bangladesh. The roundtable was part of a dialogue series on CSR in Action that
BEI organizes every month to hear the perspectives of key stakeholders and raise awareness
on CSR practices and implementation challenges in Bangladesh. BEI focuses on foreign policy
and security, corporate social responsibility and corporate governance etc; another organ is
CSR Bangladesh (CSRB) CSR Bangladesh was established in 2008 to facilitate, expand and
encourage CSR practice in Bangladesh. The CSRB is a non-profit organization and its
objective is to become the source of information, resources and advisory services on CSR in
Bangladesh.
9
Chapter 3: Methodology
10
Methodology
3.1. Introduction
Methodology part generally gives idea about the nature of the study, sources of data, target
population, sampling technique, data collection and the way data will be analyzed to derive at
a solution. I’ve divided this segment of the report into four sub-segments namely; research
design, Sample design, data collection and data analysis.
3.2. Research Design
In this research quantitative method has been used. Quantitative method is used to quantify
attitudes, opinions, behaviors, and other defined variables, which will be quite relevant in this
study as this study seeks to find out the current scenario of “CSR practices in the business firms
of Bangladesh “depending on the responses given by the target population where all of the
respondents are being employed in one of the business firms of Bangladesh. Mainly the
descriptive approach has been used. Descriptive research is used to describe characteristics of
a population or phenomenon being studied. Main purposes of descriptive studies can be
explained as describing, explaining and validating research findings.
3.3. Sampling and Population

3.3.1. Population
This study targets the sample population of Students of EMBA of University of Dhaka; who
are being employed in any business firm in Bangladesh to have fruitful insights about the topic
being discussed. Information regarding population has been collected through traditional
questionnaire (it was more like face to face conversation).This method make things easier for
the respondents; as few of the terms were unknown to the respondents. In this study,
Judgmental sampling techniques have been used for the ease of collecting data.
11
3.3.2. Sampling Method
Non probability sampling has been used as a preferred sampling method in this study; where
the samples are gathered in a process that does not give all the individuals in the population
equal chances of being selected (members are selected from the population in some nonrandom
manner). A core characteristic of non-probability sampling techniques is that samples are
selected based on the subjective judgment of the researcher, rather than random selection.
3.3.3. Sampling Size
The sample size for the study is 93. Only students of EMBA of University of Dhaka have been
considered as a respondent.
3.4. Data Collection

Primary Sources
 Leading banks of Bangladesh like( Brac bank, Mutual bank , Premier bank etc)
 Leading Pharmaceuticals of Bangladesh( Square ,Navana etc)
 Leaders in Telecommunication industry (Grameenphone)
 Many others manufacturing and export-import firms.
Secondary sources
 Websites
 Bangladesh Enterprise Institute
 CSRB
 Assignment point
 Others
 Research Papers
 Journal Article.
12
3.5. Data Analysis Technique
To fulfill the objective of the research; which is to know about the current scenario of CSR
Practices in the business firms of Bangladesh; different charts, graphs and tables will be
provided to have in-depth insights regarding the areas of CSR where the business firms are
performing satisfactorily and areas where they need to look after.
13
Chapter 4: Data Analysis, Results and discussions
14
Findings and Analysis
15
4.1. Firms Information
16
Type of Business Products
Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent
Valid Banking 27 29.3 29.3 29.3
Telecommunication 2 2.2 2.2 31.5
Footwear and Textile 1 1.1 1.1 32.6
Newspaper 1 1.1 1.1 33.7
Pharmaceuticals 6 6.5 6.5 40.2
Garments Accessories 2 2.2 2.2 42.4
Conglomerate 6 6.5 6.5 48.9
Advertising 1 1.1 1.1 50.0
IT 6 6.5 6.5 56.5
Energy 1 1.1 1.1 57.6
Freight Forwarding 3 3.3 3.3 60.9
Electronics 8 8.7 8.7 69.6
Housing 3 3.3 3.3 72.8
Automobiles 1 1.1 1.1 73.9
Service Provider 2 2.2 2.2 76.1
Medical Equipment 2 2.2 2.2 78.3
Garments 8 8.7 8.7 87.0
17
Consultancy 2 2.2 2.2 89.1
Consumer Goods 1 1.1 1.1 90.2
Financial Service 2 2.2 2.2 92.4
Packaging 1 1.1 1.1 93.5
Food Products 4 4.3 4.3 97.8
Healthcare Service 1 1.1 1.1 98.9
Ceramics 1 1.1 1.1 100.0
Total 92 100.0 100.0
With a view to deriving at a fruitful solution, firms from different industry have been chosen.
All of the selected firms fall more or less into the following categories, Banking,
Telecommunication, Healthcare, Ceramics, Food products, Consumer goods , Consultancy ,
Garments , Automobile , Electronics ,Freight forwarding ,IT , Pharmaceuticals etc.
From the above table, we can infer that most of the respondents were from banking industry
which accounts for 29.3 percent of overall responses; this fact is not surprising as in the field
of CSR banks of Bangladesh play a crucial role either by philanthropic activities or by taking
care of the stakeholders.
Both Garments and Electronics ranked 2nd in terms of proving responses to this study both of
this accounts for 8.7 percent responses separately .Both Conglomerate and pharmaceuticals
accounts for 6.5 percent responses separately.
There is also a fusion among small, medium and large size firms which can be exemplified by
the fact that (maximum number of employees in a firm is 120000 and minimum number of
employees in a firm is 4) which will be beneficial in taping information regarding firms of all
size and reflect the real scenario
18
Accumulated responses from this diverse industry will surely provide a result that might
demonstrate the overall scenario of CSR practices in Bangladesh.
Number of employees
Maximum 120000
Minimum 4
Average 4741.86
Std. Dev. 14327.09
4.2. How Extensive is the focus on CSR in your company?

Nil Marginal Moderate Extensive
How Extensive is the focus on CSR in your company?
Cumulative
Valid Nil 1 1.1 1.1 1.1
Marginal 16 17.4 17.4 18.5
Moderate 56 60.9 60.9 79.3
Extensive 19 20.7 20.7 100.0
Total 92 100.0 100.0
19
CSR extensiveness refers to the degree of involvement of firms in terms of implementing CSR
and ethical issues with a view to protecting and preserving the interest of the stakeholders, such
as – customers, suppliers, government, community etc. From the above table we can see that
1.1 percent firms provide no emphasize on CSR while 17.4 percent provide marginal
emphasize means they do follow and implement CSR and ethical issues to some extent while
60.9 percent firms provide moderate interest which may infer that they might have code of
conduct, ethical guidelines in actions and 20.7 percent firms are actively involved in this issues
; level of involvement here might infer that they do have dedicated team, systems to address
CSR and ethical issues .
20
4.3. What are the components of CSR activities in your company?
$CSR Compliance Frequencies
Responses
Percent of
N Percent Cases
Components of CSR Employee rights and 67 16.8% 73.6%

activities welfare
Employers’ interests 42 10.6% 46.2%
Product quality and 68 17.1% 74.7%

safety for customers
Suppliers’ and 36 9.0% 39.6%

contractors’ rights
Community interests 54 13.6% 59.3%
Responsibility to 62 15.6% 68.1%

government
Environment 59 14.8% 64.8%

conservations
Others 10 2.5% 11.0%
Total 398 100.0% 437.4%
a. Dichotomy group tabulated at value 1.
Companies identified: Product quality and safety for customers, Employee rights and welfare,
Responsibility to government and Environment conservations mainly as the components of
their CSR activities. If we observe in detailed, in 74.7% cases companies recognize product
21
quality and safety for customers which represents their major ground of conducting CSR to
their customers. Employee rights and welfare is another significant component which is found
to be emphasized in 73.6% cases. This proves their sincere response to carrying out the
responsibilities to their employees. Employers’ interests and suppliers’ & contractors’ rights
are also emphasized to somewhat extent, which are found in 46.2% and 39.6% cases. There are
some other components which are found in 11% cases which include: worker health and safety,
health education relief, rehabilitation games and sports, higher study scholarship, operating
computer training centre, donations, hospital, school and investors club, hospital establishment,
etc.
4.4. What is the approach in your company towards CSR?
A. Donations/philanthropy B. Stakeholders’ interests
What is the approach in your company towards CSR?
Valid Cumulative
Frequency Percent Percent Percent
Valid Donations/philanthro 52 56.5 57.8 57.8
py
Stakeholders’ 38 41.3 42.2 100.0
interests
Total 90 97.8 100.0
Missing System 2 2.2
Total 92 100.0
22
Companies hold different approaches towards CSR. Majority of the companies (57.8%) view
CSR activities as donations and philanthropic activities and others (42.2%) view it as
stakeholders’ interests. Here stakeholders consist of employee, customer, supplier,
government, environment, etc. There are many areas/issues taken care of by the companies in
CSR. In case of employee, the companies emphasize: Sickness leave and compensation;
Financial aid for employees; Education and job focused vocational training; Skill development;
Daycare; Environmental sustainability; Health care center; Employee benefit performance
award; Welfare funds for employees; High security system for customers; Promoting gender
equality; Job focused training; Financial support in workers’ marriage; etc. For customers, the
companies prioritize: Product safety; Environment friendly production; Proper customer
response; Provide guidelines for product usage; etc. To the civil society and community, the
companies support: Charity program; Cultural program; Sports; Community development
work; Funding for establishment of school, college, hospital and have done some activities
with national welfare and environmental institute; Rural development; Preventive and
corrective healthcare; Providing scholarship to poor students; Relief fund collection; etc. The
companies research for providing more benefits to the investors; take care of the investment
of investors and follow investment guidelines properly. For supporting the CSR to
government, the companies also highlight: Compliance with government rules and
regulations; Work with deputy ministry of environment law through providing financial aid;
Donation to government; etc.
23
4.5. How does your organization incorporate value judgments and
prevailing norms in your CSR activities?
$Value Norms Frequencies

Responses Percent of
N Percent Cases
incorporate value There is no such system 16 12.9% 17.8%
judgements & norms As and when advised 32 25.8% 35.6%
by the company
directors
It is done by the 41 33.1% 45.6%
Company’s Ethics/CSR
Committee
Through regular 35 28.2% 38.9%
meetings of the
company management
Total 124 100.0% 137.8%
a. Dichotomy group tabulated at value 1.
Firms have different attitudes in incorporating value norms; which eventually define
appropriate mood of behavior of the employees while communicating and dealing with insiders
as well as outsiders. Information from table depicted that almost 13 percent companies has no
system to incorporate values and norms which dictates that they have no pre-planned guidelines
which may dictate the appropriate behavior, while 25.8 percent companies set values and norms
according to the judgment of the board of the directors; surprising fact is that 33.1 percent
companies have dedicated ethics and CSR committee to define appropriateness. 28.2 percent
companies use board meetings as the medium to define code of conduct.
4.6. How do you rate the role of the different stakeholders in creating
business ethics in your organization?
24
4.6.1. Role of (Employees-Directly)
Cumulative
Valid 0 1 1.1 1.3 1.3
Marginal 11 12.0 14.5 15.8
Moderate 24 26.1 31.6 47.4
Significant 40 43.5 52.6 100.0
Total 76 82.6 100.0
Total 92 100.0
To define what is right and what is wrong in a particular setting stakeholder such as, employees,
shareholders, suppliers, customers, community and government has both direct and indirect
role. Level of appropriateness in deciding good or bad in settings employees have significant
influence. 52.6 percent respondents believe that employees have significant role in developing
ethical guidelines.
25
4.6.1.2. Role of (Employees-Indirectly)
Cumulative
Valid 0 1 1.1 1.7 1.7
Marginal 6 6.5 10.3 12.1
Moderate 29 31.5 50.0 62.1
Significant 22 23.9 37.9 100.0
Total 58 63.0 100.0
Total 92 100.0
50 percent of the respondents believe that, employees has also an indirect role in creating ethics
within organization though not significantly but moderately ; while 37.9 percent respondents
believe that , employees can indirectly influence ethics within organization to a great extent.
26
4.6.2. Role of (Shareholders-Directly)
Cumulative
Valid 0 1 1.1 1.5 1.5
Marginal 10 10.9 14.9 16.4
Moderate 21 22.8 31.3 47.8
Significant 35 38.0 52.2 100.0
Total 67 72.8 100.0
Total 92 100.0
A shareholder, commonly referred to as a stockholder, is any person, company, or institution

that owns at least one share of a company’s stock. Because shareholders are a company's
owners, they reap the benefits of the company's successes in the form of increased stock
valuation. If the company does poorly and the price of its stock declines, however, shareholders
can lose money. Therefore to avoid poor performance shareholders directly involve themselves
in formulating ethical or expected behavior ; above graph is also the evident of the fact that
27
most of the respondents to be exact 52.2 percent believe that shareholders has a significant role
in creating business ethics.
4.6.1.2. Role of (Shareholders-Indirectly)

Cumulative
Valid 0 1 1.1 1.8 1.8
Marginal 12 13.0 21.4 23.2
Moderate 20 21.7 35.7 58.9
Significant 23 25.0 41.1 100.0
Total 56 60.9 100.0
Total 92 100.0
From the responses on the role of shareholders in creating business ethics; which I have taken
from the different respondents is summarized in the table and shows that 35.7 and 41.1 percent
28
respondents presume that shareholders has indirect role in creating business ethics respectively
moderately and significantly.
4.6.3.1. Role of (Suppliers-Directly)

Cumulative
Valid 0 1 1.1 1.7 1.7
Marginal 19 20.7 31.7 33.3
Moderate 24 26.1 40.0 73.3
Significant 16 17.4 26.7 100.0
Total 60 65.2 100.0
Total 92 100.0
29
4.6.3.2. Role of (Suppliers-Indirectly)
Cumulative
Valid 0 1 1.1 1.5 1.5
Marginal 20 21.7 30.3 31.8
Moderate 30 32.6 45.5 77.3
Significant 15 16.3 22.7 100.0
Total 66 71.7 100.0
Total 92 100.0
30
Suppliers are the key business partners; in other words success of a business depends on good
relationship with the suppliers. To implement continuous improvement within the supply chain
organization often consider supplier as a part of it and take suggestion and direct suppliers with
a view to achieving desired result ; thus suppliers has a direct as well as indirect role and thus
moderately affects the process of creating business ethics. Graph depicts that suppliers plays
an indirect role in creating business ethics since 45.5 percents respondents believe that
suppliers has a moderate role in creating business ethics.
4.6.4.1. Role of (Customers-Indirectly)

Cumulative
Valid 0 1 1.1 1.6 1.6
Marginal 9 9.8 14.5 16.1
Moderate 28 30.4 45.2 61.3
Significant 24 26.1 38.7 100.0
Total 62 67.4 100.0
Total 92 100.0
31
Customers are known as king. The ultimate goal of business is to satisfy customers through
which they can attain their goal o attaining superior profit. Environics International surveyed
25,000 people in 23 countries which revealed that 50% of the respondents take into
consideration the social behavior of companies, while one out of five said that they would
object to poor social performance by speaking against its actions or boycotting the products of
the companies; by this study we can presume that customers has a direct influence in deciding
what is right and what is not. According to the above , 50 percent respondents agree that
customers has significant role and directly plays a role in creating business ethics while 45
percent agree that customers play a moderate role in creating business ethics.
32
4.6.5.1. Role of (Competitors-Directly)
Cumulative
Valid 0 2 2.2 3.5 3.5
Marginal 15 16.3 26.3 29.8
Moderate 19 20.7 33.3 63.2
Significant 21 22.8 36.8 100.0
Total 57 62.0 100.0
Total 92 100.0
33
4.6.5.2. Role of (Competitors-Indirectly)
Cumulative
Valid Marginal 24 26.1 35.3 35.3
Moderate 25 27.2 36.8 72.1
Significant 19 20.7 27.9 100.0
Total 68 73.9 100.0
Total 92 100.0
According to the responses of the respondents it is clear that competitors can also play a role
in creating business ethics both directly and indirectly. Directly, 33.3 percent respondents
believe competitors moderately play role while 36.8 percent believe competitors play a
significant role in creating business ethics. Indirectly, 36.8 percent respondents agree that
competitors play a moderate role.
34
4.6.6.1. Role of (Government-Directly)
Cumulative
Valid 0 2 2.2 2.8 2.8
Marginal 6 6.5 8.3 11.1
Moderate 21 22.8 29.2 40.3
Significant 43 46.7 59.7 100.0
Total 72 78.3 100.0
Total 92 100.0
4.6.6.2. Role of (Government-Indirectly)

Cumulative
Moderate 23 25.0 37.1 59.7
Significant 25 27.2 40.3 100.0
Total 62 67.4 100.0
Total 92 100.0
35
4.6.6.2. Role of (Government-Indirectly)
Cumulative
Moderate 23 25.0 37.1 59.7
Significant 25 27.2 40.3 100.0
Total 62 67.4 100.0
36
Government is another influential factors which determine and enact the rules and policies that
guide the way in which a business should run; Government also help deciding which is
appropriate behavior and which are wrong through its laws enacting agencies or bodies BSEC
, BEI and CSRB. Differences is observed in case of direct and indirect influences of
government is creating business ethics; 59.7 percent respondents believe that government has
significant and direct role while 40.3 percent believe that government has also indirect role to
play.
37
4.6.7.1. Role of (Civil Society-Directly)
Cumulative
Valid 0 2 2.2 3.5 3.5
Marginal 19 20.7 33.3 36.8
Moderate 18 19.6 31.6 68.4
Significant 18 19.6 31.6 100.0
Total 57 62.0 100.0
Total 92 100.0
4.6.7.2. Role of (Civil Society-Indirectly)

Cumulative
Moderate 29 31.5 44.6 81.5
Significant 12 13.0 18.5 100.0
Total 65 70.7 100.0
Total 92 100.0
38
A negligible portion of the respondents asserted that civil society has no impact in creating
business ethics in particular company whereas 33.3 and 31.6 percent respondents respectively
believe that civil society has at least marginal or significant impact in creating business ethics.
Apart from that almost half of the respondents which accounts for 44.6 percent believe that
civil society has moderate and indirect influence in creating business ethics. By giving the ideas
about the citizens preference , choice and demand civil society make it easier for the company
to detect what are needed to be done and what not.
39
4.6.8.1. Role of (Community-Directly)
Cumulative
Valid 0 2 2.2 3.6 3.6
Marginal 15 16.3 27.3 30.9
Moderate 20 21.7 36.4 67.3
Significant 18 19.6 32.7 100.0
Total 55 59.8 100.0
Total 92 100.0
4.6.8.2. Role of (Community-Indirectly)

Cumulative
Valid 0 1 1.1 1.6 1.6
Marginal 17 18.5 26.6 28.1
Moderate 34 37.0 53.1 81.3
Significant 12 13.0 18.8 100.0
Total 64 69.6 100.0
Total 92 100.0
40
Community consists of a group of people having particular characteristics in common; such
commonality helps businesses to set their mood of behavior, strategy and most importantly
considering most appropriate behavior that would best address and solve the problem of
particular community. Throughout this activities community plays both direct and indirect role
in creating business ethics. According to the responses it is clear that respondents believe that
community has somewhat indirect role to play rather direct in case of creating business ethics;
as 53.1 percent agree that community is moderately and indirectly engaged in this process.
41
4.6.9.1. Role of (News Media-Directly)
Cumulative
Valid 0 2 2.2 3.4 3.4
Marginal 20 21.7 34.5 37.9
Moderate 22 23.9 37.9 75.9
Significant 14 15.2 24.1 100.0
Total 58 63.0 100.0
Total 92 100.0
4.6.9.2. Role of (News Media-Indirectly)

Cumulative
Moderate 23 25.0 33.8 70.6
Significant 20 21.7 29.4 100.0
Total 68 73.9 100.0
Total 92 100.0
42
News media is considered as the 4th base of a democratic state which plays a role in creating
transparency, accountability, fairness and equity. The role of news media is not limited to
ensuring this stated attributes but also to make businesses aware of the fact that if anything will
go wrong they are there to disclose discrepancies; as a result they play role in creating and
defining appropriateness. Directly, 34.5 and 37.9 respondents asserted that news media has
marginal pr somewhat moderate role in creating business ethics.
43
4.7. Role of the Existence of written Code of Ethics/Ethics
Guidelines in organizational ethics in your business
Cumulative
Moderate 26 28.3 29.2 48.3
Strong 46 50.0 51.7 100.0
Total 89 96.7 100.0
Total 92 100.0
A well-written code of conduct clarifies an organization’s mission, values and principles,

linking them with standards of professional conduct. The code articulates the values the
organization wishes to foster in leaders and employees and, in doing so, defines desired
behavior. As a result, written codes of conduct or ethics can become benchmarks against
which individual and organizational performance can be measured.
Additionally, a code is a central guide and reference for employees to support day-to-day
decision making. A code encourages discussions of ethics and compliance, empowering
employees to handle ethical dilemmas. Due to having this above stated benefits our respondents
44
has also responded in line with the description and 51.7 percent respondents agree specified
that written code of ethics has a strong role in creating and implementing business ethics.
Question: Does your organization have a formal document on Code of Ethics or Ethics
Guidelines?
4.8. Does your organization have a formal document on Code of

Ethics or Ethics Guidelines?
Cumulative
Valid No 29 31.5 32.2 32.2
Yes 61 66.3 67.8 100.0
Total 90 97.8 100.0
Total 92 100.0
Understanding how to properly behave in certain situations is the reason a code of ethics is
important. Whether it is to know the difference between right or wrong, good or bad and just
or unjust, a good code of ethics allows individuals to hold themselves to the highest standards
45
in any given behavior or action. Having formal document on code of ethics in place will prevent
unjust treatment , brings out best in the individuals and brings out higher standards.67.8 percent
companies recognize the importance of having a well-documented code of ethics to grasp those
benefits stated.
4.9. Is your company’s ethics management associated with the following?
4.9.1. ( A) Addressing CSR issues as and when necessary

Cumulative
Valid No 21 22.8 23.9 23.9
Yes 67 72.8 76.1 100.0
Total 88 95.7 100.0
Total 92 100.0
By the answer of this question we can assume the level of responsiveness of the selected firms
towards addressing CSR issues; 76.1 percent respondents stated that they address CSR issues
as and when necessary that conclude that they are concerned about surroundings (Community,
Government, Customers etc.)
46
4.9.3. (B) Concerns with pragmatic business issues rather than
unnecessarily spending time, energy and resources in CSR
Cumulative
Valid No 37 40.2 42.5 42.5
Yes 50 54.3 57.5 100.0
Total 87 94.6 100.0
Total 92 100.0
In this scenario a mixed reaction has derived from the responses ,though 42.5 percent
respondent believe that spending time , energy and resources in CSR necessary but 57.5 percent
respondents believe that it Is unwise and unnecessary to spend time , energy and resources on
CSR .
47
4.9.3. (C) A combination of all ethical factors
Valid Cumulative
Frequency Percent Percent Percent
Valid No 22 23.9 25.6 25.6
Yes 64 69.6 74.4 100.0
Total 86 93.5 100.0
Total 92 100.0
A major portion of the respondents responded positively to this question from which it can
infer that 75 percent of the company’s ethics management include all ethical factors. Ethical
factors might include, Ethical factor in area of business communication (proper marketing
technique; telling truth about product quality and services), ethical factors concerning
production process (eliminating unsafe working condition, producing safe products for
customers) etc.
48
4.9.4. (D) Expenditures in philanthropic giving (sponsorships,
charity and donations) in response to requests
Cumulative
Valid No 18 19.6 20.5 20.5
Yes 70 76.1 79.5 100.0
Total 88 95.7 100.0
Total 92 100.0
Almost 80 percent of the respondents conform to the statement and stated that they do invest
on community, people and on other stakeholders in the forms of sponsorship, charity and
donation. They often sponsor the educational expenses of the poor brilliant students and charity
works for the underprivileged poor people.
49
4.9.5. (E) Working out and maintaining high standards of ethical
behaviour
Cumulative
Valid No 23 25.0 26.4 26.4
Yes 64 69.6 73.6 100.0
Total 87 94.6 100.0
Total 92 100.0
26.4 percent respondents conform negatively to the question and exerted that they do not
working out and maintaining high standards; while a good number of respondents to be exact
69.6 percent asserted that they do conform and maintain high standards of ethical behavior.
4.10. How do you rate facilities for the employees in your company?
When the respondents (who are actually the employees of respective organizations) were asked
to rate the facilities of the respective organization in the following areas : Day care center for
the children of the employees , canteen for breakfast , cafeteria for lunch , transport for
employees , physical exercise support facilities , allowance for prayer time ,periodic recreation
50
support , fire safety , building safety , employee provident fund and training and development
they gave response in terms of no facility exist , moderately exist or good.
Results on the basis of given responses will be describe in details with chart and table but few
aspects will be attached in the appendix section.
4.10.1. Canteen for breakfast

Cumulative
Valid No 34 37.0 39.1 39.1
Moderate 11 12.0 12.6 51.7
Good 42 45.7 48.3 100.0
Total 87 94.6 100.0
Total 92 100.0
51
Availability of canteen and cafeteria to the organization premises defines the ease in having
food whenever needed which is essential to have sound body and mind and positively related
to productivity. But the result is moderately satisfactory as 39 percent organization don’t offer
such facility but 45.7 percent organization offer such facility as a part of fringe benefits to the
employees.
4.10.2. Transport for employees for their commuting to workplace

from home)
Cumulative
Valid No 28 30.4 31.8 31.8
Moderate 29 31.5 33.0 64.8
Good 31 33.7 35.2 100.0
Total 88 95.7 100.0
Total 92 100.0
52
Many readers may underestimate the effects of Transportation facilities, but we the people of
Bangladesh can understand its importance to our daily life. Transportation facility can become
a motivational factor that not only gain employees support but also raises productivity as
valuable time will not be wasted in pathetic traffic jam. Though 32 percent organization refrain
themselves from providing such facilities but approximately 65 percent organization offering
such facilities either moderately or strongly.
4.10.3. Medical support at workplace for emergency attendance

Cumulative
Valid No 10 10.9 11.2 11.2
Moderate 31 33.7 34.8 46.1
Good 48 52.2 53.9 100.0
Total 89 96.7 100.0
Total 92 100.0
53
Whenever employees make decision about which companies to join or where they should stay
over a longer period of time they often compare firms on the basis of additional benefits or
fringe benefits provided by the companies being compared. Additional benefits that help
choosing between firms are Medical allowances, physical exercise facilities, recreational
facilities etc. Having medical facility in place exerts organization’s concern towards
employees; study reveals that 11.2 percent organization does not offer such facility while 34.8
and 53.9 percent organization provide such facility moderately and in a good way respectively.
4.10.4.. Employee provident fund/Gratuity

Cumulative
Valid No 12 13.0 13.5 13.5
Moderate 23 25.0 25.8 39.3
Good 54 58.7 60.7 100.0
Total 89 96.7 100.0
Total 92 100.0
54
Provident fund is an investment fund contributed to by employees, employers, and
(sometimes) the state, out of which a lump sum is provided to each employee on retirement.
Most of the companies on which I have studied on perform significantly well in this area of
ensuring after retirement security; almost 61 percent firms provide such facility to gain
employees confidence and can reduce employee turnover to a significant number.
4.10.5. Training/development of human capital

Cumulative
Valid No 5 5.4 5.6 5.6
Moderate 30 32.6 33.3 38.9
Good 55 59.8 61.1 100.0
Total 90 97.8 100.0
Total 92 100.0
Training presents a prime opportunity to expand the knowledge base of all employees, but
many employers in the current climate find development opportunities expensive. Employees
55
attending training sessions also miss out on work time which may delay the completion of
projects. However despite these potential drawbacks, training and development provides both
the individual and organizations as a whole with benefits that make the cost and time a
worthwhile investment. Benefits of training and development are improved employees
productivity and adherence to quality standards, improved employee satisfaction and
morale, Addressing weaknesses and reduced employee turnover. If we are to use this
selected companies as the representative of the all companies of Bangladesh, we can conclude
that most of the companies are well aware about training and development program as 61
percent companies are offering such facility.
4.11. What actions does your company take in favor of environment

conservation?
As we all know that, CSR aims to ensure that companies conduct their business in a way that
is ethical. This means taking account of their social, economic and environmental impact, and
consideration of human rights. As a part of taking care of environment that is to ensure
environmental safety , environment conservation and protecting environment from degradation
; the companies that I have gone with a view to collecting data has ensured that they are also
concerned about environment and are taking different steps and measures to improve and
protect environment. After reviewing all of the responses I can say that most of the firms are
taking and implementing following stated actions –
 Most of the Banks of Bangladesh are giving priority in establishing Green Banking with
a view to showing their eagerness to conserve environment; like - using less paper,
Energy efficiency, shifting to solar power etc.
 Tree plantation programs are also in place that not will beatify the area but also
increases oxygen.
 B. Cleaning road / public place through company expense.
 Comply with environmental laws enacted by the authorities.
 Emphasizing on producing green products.
 Reduce wastage of natural resources.
 Few companies also ensured that no air pollution while producing output and proper
waste management system is there to deal with the wastage.
56
 Few companies emphasize on Recycling to minimize the environmental degradation.
 Few companies are ahead of other companies in terms of addressing environmental

problem as they have started awareness program to make their employees aware about
protecting environment.
 Incorporation of ISO 22000:2005, OHSAS Mgt. system, HACCP mgt. system.
 Aims and gives continual efforts to improve performance of all pollutant abatement
services. I.e. air emission and waste disposal at its plants.
 Using 3 R’s system ( Reduce-Reuse-Recycle)
 Strictly follow GMP regulations, NHO standards and laws of the land.
 Upgraded MDI facility to CFC based facility.
 Centralized efficient treatment plants.
4.12. Are you familiar with the following tests
4.12.1. Two-way test

Cumulative
Valid No 58 63.0 65.2 65.2
Yes 31 33.7 34.8 100.0
Total 89 96.7 100.0
Total 92 100.0
57
Respondents were asked to answer in YES or No about whether they are familiar with Two-
way test or not ; a major portion that is 65.2 percent are not familiar with the test as they
answered NO to the question . It basically a test used to examine the influence of two different
categorical independent variables one continuous dependent variable.
4.12.2. Publicity test

Cumulative
Valid No 69 75.0 76.7 76.7
Yes 21 22.8 23.3 100.0
Total 90 97.8 100.0
Total 92 100.0
58
In the Publicity Test, a person's actions manifest essential elements of his or her character.
What we do reveals who we are. Our actions provide others with a window through which they
can view our souls. Under this test, when I contemplate an action, I ask whether I would want
to be known as the kind of person who would do this. For example, if the action were cowardly,
would I want to be known as a coward? If the action were irresponsible, would I want to be
revealed (to myself as well as to others) as irresponsible? However, Responses of this question
is not very much different from the previous question.76.7 percent respondents are unaware of
Publicity test.
4.13. How strong is the Ethics training for

employees/managers in your company
Cumulative
Valid No 14 15.2 15.4 15.4
Marginal 20 21.7 22.0 37.4
Moderate 33 35.9 36.3 73.6
Strong 24 26.1 26.4 100.0
Total 91 98.9 100.0
Total 92 100.0
59
Despite employees competing responsibilities, ethics training is important and can have an
impact on business, the company’s reputation, and daily office morale. Effective ethics training
is less skills-based and more focused on setting expectations of behavior in a variety of
contexts. Therefore, it’s helpful to use dilemma or scenario-based training of varying
complexity that is reinforced regularly so employees can spot issues and make the right choices.
Though ethics training is important but result of the study pointed out that 15.4 percent
respondent said that there is no training available to train employees on ethical issues; 22
percent said marginal training is there while 36.3 percent witnessed moderate and 26.4 percent
witnessed significantly strong ethics training which develops employee’s morale and set
desired expectation.
60
4.14. How good is the arrangement in your company for
creating shared value of business, institutions and
community?
Cumulative
Valid No 10 10.9 11.0 11.0
Marginal 19 20.7 20.9 31.9
Moderate 28 30.4 30.8 62.6
Strong 34 37.0 37.4 100.0
Total 91 98.9 100.0
Total 92 100.0
Support from the organization is an important determinant which will determine the extent to
which organization is ethically sound or not. With a view to creating shared values of business,
institution and community support from top management is necessary in the form of time,
money and other related arrangement like dedicated team to address ethical issues within and
outside the organization. 11 percent respondents voted that there is no such arrangement in
their respective organization and 21 percent has said that few aspects is there but only
minimally. Surprising fact is that 37.4 percent respondents acclaimed that their companies has
61
created a strong arrangement through which they create shared values among different
stakeholders.
4.15. How good is your company in promoting fair

competition in the market?
Cumulative
Valid No 5 5.4 5.5 5.5
Marginal 8 8.7 8.8 14.3
Moderate 33 35.9 36.3 50.5
Strong 44 47.8 48.4 98.9
32 1 1.1 1.1 100.0
Total 91 98.9 100.0
Total 92 100.0
A good way to prove that businesses are behaving ethically is to demonstrate that they ensuring
Fair competition. The growth of a country’s economy relies to a great extent upon “fair
competition” in markets due to a number of reasons and if fair marketing tactics exists in an
62
economy it indeed gives a great boost or acceleration to the same. In other words, competition
is a central driver for growth of productivity in the economy and is also a big benefit for the
consumers. That means by ensuring fair competition businesses are actually taking care of
consumers, community, government and many other stakeholders. Grossly 80 percent selected
companies are ensuring fair completion either moderately or significantly.
4.16. How do you rate your company’s efforts in promoting

innovation in business?
Cumulative
Valid No 5 5.4 5.6 5.6
Marginal 7 7.6 7.8 13.3
Moderate 30 32.6 33.3 46.7
Strong 47 51.1 52.2 98.9
4 1 1.1 1.1 100.0
Total 90 97.8 100.0
Total 92 100.0
63
Innovation is an important factor in attaining long term goals and the extent to which companies
are innovative depends on the level of effort companies give to be innovation. 5.6 percent
respondents answered that they provide no additional effort to become innovative whereas,
33.3 and 52.2 percent respondents said they provide respectively moderate and significant
effort. They might have realized the benefits of being innovative through which they can gain,
Maximizing their Return on Investment to shareholders, effectively achieving business growth
goals, Increasing the productivity and thereby increasing the profitability, Effectively
responding to industry disrupters and increasing market share, Quickly responding to the
external challenges by developing human as well as technological resources to do things
differently.
4.17. What is the position of your company in terms of

promoting sustainable business models?
Cumulative
Valid No 4 4.3 4.4 4.4
Marginal 12 13.0 13.3 17.8
Moderate 34 37.0 37.8 55.6
Strong 40 43.5 44.4 100.0
Total 90 97.8 100.0
Total 92 100.0
64
Business model is actually a plan for the successful operation of a business, identifying sources
of revenue, the intended customer base, products, and details of financing. According to the
data stated in the table we can infer that selected companies has more or less moderate or strong
business model as 37.8 and 44.4 percent respondents assured that they have a moderate and
strong business model respectively.
4.19. How do CSR activities help achieving the short and long term goals of
your organization?
The rationale for this study is to know the extent to which business firms in Bangladesh engage
themselves in CSR related activities to demonstrate their concern towards society, people ,
government, suppliers and other stakeholders; then simply one question arises why business
forms should engage themselves in such activities?- one answer would be as a part of society
it is their obligatory duty to work in order to address and solve societal issues another answer
would be to achieve short term and long term goal. Selected companies for study mentioned
that CSR is an instrumental tool to achieve both short term and long term goal ; and the goals
they achieve through CSR are mentioned below-
 Gaining trust and priority in investment sectors.
 Customer service improvement
 Retaining the top position in leadership.
 CSR gets benefit through employee welfare, goodwill of the company increase.
 Ensure distribution of wealth.
 It will help to ensure maximum benefits to all the stakeholders
65
 It will help to contribute in the economic progress of Bangladesh
 Create satisfied customers
 Employee with great motivation
 High productivity
 Reducing turnover
 Acceptance level in the society
 For better employee skill, few companies directly participate in leadership and career
development program.
 Government support can be obtained.
 Build reputation that gives advantages over competitors.
 It helps to improve operational effectiveness.
 CSR initiatives help creating shared value.
4.20. Does your company have any organizational

structure for management of CSR?
Cumulative
Valid No 44 47.8 49.4 49.4
Yes 45 48.9 50.6 100.0
Total 89 96.7 100.0
Total 92 100.0
66
Having organizational structure for management of CSR dictates the level of dedication of the
organization to incorporate CSR within the organization. Among 92 respondents 50 percent
confessed that they do not have a organizational structure to deal with CSR related issues while
equal number of respondents claimed that they have organizational structure for management
of CSR activities which confer that they might have dedicated team, finance etc.
4.21. Is there any practice of conducting cost-benefit

analysis of CSR activities in your company?
Cumulative
Valid No 66 71.7 74.2 74.2
Yes 23 25.0 25.8 100.0
Total 89 96.7 100.0
Total 92 100.0
67
Cost benefit analysis can be explained as a procedure for estimating all costs involved and
possible profits to be derived from a business opportunity or proposal. Performing cost benefit
analysis means organization is making calculative investment that sums up all costs vs benefits.
Knowing before what is to be gained simplify the task .In case of Bangladesh, most of the
companies are not doing such task before investing (we can infer such conclusion from the
responses given in the table) refers that they either involved in CSR activities minimally which
does not require additional effort or are not very much serious about the output to be derived.
4.22. Is it possible that we can have the following figures

(approximate or actual) for your company?
Cumulative
Valid No 75 81.5 88.2 88.2
Yes 10 10.9 11.8 100.0
Total 85 92.4 100.0
Total 92 100.0
On the confidentiality ground most of the interviewee’s were reluctant to provide numerical
data representing total outlays on corporate social responsibilities. Though 88.2 percent
interviewee’s didn’t provide data regarding costs but 11.8 percent were so much cooperative
to make the research fruitful they provided actual figures on total outlays, expenditure in fixed
assets, operating expenses and total expenditure on CSR
68
Respondents also clarified me about Components of philanthropic activities and other part,
those are
Philanthropic activities of the respondents firm are
 Distributing clothes in rural area.
 Distributing food and warm clothes to the flood affected people or in the time of winter.
 Give donation in some organization.
 Open a school named “onushilonmojar school” in Khulna
 Donation of land in Bijeshwar of an orphanage with 3000 orphans
 Relief distribution in flood affected area
 Pre-Schooling donation, donation for education of blind child, mosque, and madrasa.
 Providing donation to the cancer foundation
 Donation to ramkrishno mission
 Diarrhea and cholera patients get free treatment.
 Provide computer last year in JAGO
The ‘others’ part of the CSR activities are
 Education, Self-Employment.
 Healthcare, Arts and culture, Environment.
 AM foundation- mobilizes resources to provide support in any crisis.
 Working to deal with malnutrition problem.
 The company bears educational expenses of one of its employees
 Provides salary to intern students and creates further job opportunity
 Emphasize on health food safety and hygiene
69
 In house CSR practice, encouraging clients for CSR practice
4.23. The interviewee’s comments on overall CSR activities of the company
When respondents were asked to comment on overall CSR activities of their respective
companies, they responded with comment like they don’t engage themselves in such activities
or they are moderately involved in such activities (Philanthropic activities) or few of them
commented that that are approaching towards stakeholders approach where actions are taken
to protect and preserve the rights of the stakeholders like, shareholders, customers, community
etc.
Few companies also pointed out the reason of not being involving themselves in such activities
though some reasons are irrelevant and vague; respondent of firm no (3) has commented that,
Their Company has lower focus on CSR activities because it is mainly worked for production
activities; to me this explanation has fault in itself because due to production activities they
need to ensure that environment is protected and customers get the best quality product and
shareholders should also be taken care of. Respondent of firm no (6) has commented that most
of the employees have no idea about CSR thus it’s not well practiced; here the role of
organization is under question. Respondent of firm no (23) has commented that , Since its
banking firm, there is hardly any need for providing much emphasis in CSR activities. They
don’t give much emphasis in CSR activities- to me it’s a lame explanation any firm that use
societal resources and doing business in specific arena has some responsibilities towards that
community and its people there is no way to deny that.
Few companies have also mentioned that they are moderately engaged especially through
philanthropic activities, a list of philanthropic activities performed by the selected companies
is given in the previous part. A number of companies also assured that they have an intention
to improve the CSR practices; such as respondent of firm no (25) stated that, In case of
developing the CSR and maintaining business ethics, we are trying to cope up with the national
and international rules and regulations.
Lastly, the firms that have embraced CSR activities in its core for example firm no (40) they
follow all the international CSR and HRM policy and they carry a positive vision to bring a
positive change in the society. Customer satisfaction is their first priority. They are not profit
70
oriented, we are human oriented. Another firm that stands high in terms of addressing CSR
activities is Novartis BD which commented that, Novartis Bd ltd is internationally recognized
for the CSR prioritized company and they maintain CSR and ethical issues in same manner
regardless of country of operations.
By observing the overall comment, I can conclude by saying that different companies of
Bangladesh are in different stages in terms of adopting and implementing CSR and Ethical
issues; where few firms are moderately involve few are in the process of improving the status
quo and few are in the worst position as they don’t yet have CSR in practice.
71
Chapter 5: Conclusion
Conclusion
It has been well emphasized within the context of this study that globalization has made CSR
a household practice among corporations all over the world. It has also been highlighted that,
while effective practices of good CSR have the potential to culminate in development of
economies, creation of wealth, creation of job opportunities, environmental sustainability and
increase in charity work; poor practices of CSR on the other hand could result in pollution and
72
destruction of environment and poor image for corporations. This study has also drawn
attention to the fact that the practice and regulation of CSR in Bangladesh and developing
countries is intrinsically laden with poor regulatory frameworks and laws. Some of the findings
of this study suggest that while some CSR legal frameworks are in existence in Bangladesh,
the enforcement frameworks for such laws are rather too weak to significantly influence the
practice and regulation of CSR in Bangladesh.
For instance, Bangladesh government need to ensure that there is effective regulatory and
corruption-free legal frameworks in place to prevent poor CSR or improve CSR in Bangladesh.
Such frameworks must also be designed to dish out severe punishments to any corporations or
companies that violate any of its rules. Again, corporations in Bangladesh must be continually
encouraged to adopt supply chain management systems; transparency approach to their
corporate reporting; and standardized corporate code of conducts. Additionally, Bangladesh
government should be promoting and encouraging more collaborative works between NGOs
and companies in Bangladesh.
It remains to be seen whether or not these measures could effectively address poor CSR in
Bangladesh. What is certain however, is that implementation of these measures could improve
the practice and regulation of CSR in Bangladesh – which have been effectively proven to be
poor and legally weak within the context of this research study –to certain extent.
References
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Innovations (3rd ed., Pearson Education Inc. 2010) p 434
73
 K Davis, ‘The case for and against business assumption of social responsibilities’
(1973) Academy of Management journal, 312-322.
 Schreck, The Economic Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility (Physica – Verlag

Heidelberg, 2009).
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Review of Concepts, Research and Practices(Blackwell Publishing Ltd,2010)89
 R McAdams and J Nadler, ‘Testing the focal point theory of legal compliance: The
effect of third-party expression in an experimental hawk/dove game’ (2005), Journal
of Empirical Legal Studies, 87-123.
 CA Williams and RV Aguilera (Publications of the University of Illinois 2006) 4
 RA Kagan, N Gunningham, and D Thornton, ‘Explaining Corporate Environmental
Performance: How does regulation matter?, Law and Society Review (2003), 51-90.
 IMF, World Economic Outlook: Financial Systems and Economic Cycles (International
Monetary Fund 2006).
 UNDP, Beyond Scarcity: Power, Poverty and Global Water Crisis (United Nations
Development Program, 2006).
 SMS Alam, SS Houque and Z Hosen, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) OF

MNC’s in Bangladesh: A Case Study on Grameenphone Ltd (Social Science Research
Publication 2010)
 A Quazi, Z Rahman, B Keating, A Developing Country Perspective of Corporate Social

Responsibility: A Test Case of Bangladesh (proceedings of the Australian and New
Zealand Marketing Academy Conference 2007) pp. 2789-2795
 F Ahmed, Improving Social Compliance in Bangladesh’s Readymade garments

Industry (Publications of La Trobe University, 2011)
 Bangladesh Enterprise Institute. (2018). Bangladesh Enterprise Institute. [online]

Available at: https://bei-bd.org/ [Accessed 2 Sep. 2018].
 Basis.org.bd. (2018).BASIS.[online] Available at :https://basis.org.bd/csr/csr- bd.
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 Statpac.com.(2018). Survey Sampling Methods. [online] Available at:
https://www.statpac.com/surveys/sampling.htm [Accessed 2 Sep. 2018].
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the workplace [online] Available at : http://2020 Project Management
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sep,2018]
 Claveria, G. (2018). Why a Code of Ethics Is Important. bizfluent.
 Matten D and Moon J, ‘Implicit and Explicit CSR: A conceptual framework for
understanding CSR in Europe’ (2004) 29(1) International Centre for Corporate Social
Responsibility pp.8
 Roggekamp P, ‘Corporate Social Responsibility in Practice: improving working

conditions in Bangladesh’ (2008) The Social and ecological market economy: a model
for Asian development. pp: 200-305
Appendix
Roll Number of the Student:
Name:
75
University of Dhaka
Study on CSR Practices in Business Firms in Bangladesh
Questionnaire
Name of Firm/Company :
Address :
Type of Business :
Year of Establishment :
Products/services :
Size of Business : Number of employees Volume of annual turnover:
1. Goals of your Company
I. Please provide a list of long-term goals of your business.
A. B.
C. D.
ii. Please provide a list of short-term goals of your business.
E. F.
G. H.
2. How Extensive is the focus on CSR in your company?
76
Nil Marginal Moderate Extensive
3. What are the components of CSR activities in your company?
A. Employee rights and welfare B. Employers’ interests
C. Product quality and safety for customers D. Suppliers’ and contractors’ rights
E. Community interests F. Responsibility to government
G. Environment conservations H. Others (please specify)
4. What is the approach in your company towards CSR?
A. Donations/philanthropy B. Stakeholders’ interests
In case your answer is B, please mention the areas/issues taken care of in CSR of your
company
B1: B2:
B3: B4:
B5: B6:
5. What ethical norms you follow in
A. HR Management
i. ii.
iii. Iv.
B. Procurement
i. ii.
iii. iv.
C. Production and Product Safety for Consumers
77
i. ii.
iii. iv.
D. Technology
i. ii.
iii. iv.
E. Sales and Marketing (avoiding unfair competition and marketing promotion practices)
i. ii.
iii. iv.
F. Accounting and Quality Reporting
i. ii.
iii. iv.
G. Intellectual Property Rights
i. ii.
iii. iv.
H. Supply Chain Relations
i. ii.
iii. iv.
6. How are the Ethics standards set in your organization?
A. Following the standards, where they exist in other companies in the industry
B. Following guidelines approved by the government
C. By decisions of special meeting/s of the company management held on Ethics issues
D. By decisions of the company management in meetings upon request by the employees
78
7. How does your organization incorporate value judgments and prevailing norms in your
CSR activities?
A. There is no such system B. As and when advised by the company directors
C. It is done by the Company’s Ethics/CSR Committee
D. Through regular meetings of the company management
8. How do you rate the role of the different stakeholders in creating business ethics in
your organization?
Use √ in the relevant row of the column applicable
Directly Indirectly
Stakeholders Significant Moderate Marginal Significant Moderate Marginal
A. Employee
s
B. Sharehold
ers
C. Suppliers
D. Customers
E. Competitors
F. Government
G. Civil society
H. Community
I. News
media
9. Please rate the role of the following in organizational ethics in your business:
Factor/elements Strong moderate margin

al
79
A. Corporate culture
B. Existence of written Code of Ethics/Ethics Guidelines
C. Policies/rules of standard behavior of
employers/employees
D. System of recognizing accomplishment of employees
E. Employees hiring/selection criteria
F. Criteria for promotion of employees
G. Opportunity for employees’ participation in decision
making process
H. Behavior/attitude of the organization to employees
I. Others, if any
i.
ii.
iii.
80
10. Does your organization have a formal document on Code of Ethics or Ethics
Guidelines?
A. Yes B. No
11. If the answer to q 10 is yes, can you please give a copy to us? A. Yes B. No
12. If the answer to q 11 is no, the reason is:
A. Sufficient copies are not available
B. The delivery of such document needs administrative approval
13. If you have code of ethics/ethics guidelines in your organization, how do you ensure
compliance of them?
A. Through annual general meeting B. By the chief executive of the company
C. There is an Ethics Manager D. There is an Ethics Committee
E. Other methods [please specify:
14. If you do not have ethics/ethics guidelines in your organization, what are your actions
for ensuring compliance of ethics norms and principles in your activities? Please write:
A.
B.
C.
15. How much time your management gives to ethics management?
A. Not much B. Reasonably enough C. A significant amount
16. Is your company’s ethics management associated with the following?
Yes No
A. Addressing CSR issues as and when necessary
81
B. Concerns with pragmatic business issues rather than
unnecessarily spending time, energy and resources in CSR
C. A combination of all ethical factors
D. Expenditures in philanthropic giving (sponsorships, charity
and donations) in response to requests
E. Working out and maintaining high standards of ethical
behavior
F. Other motives (please specify)
i.
ii.
iii.
17. How do you highlight performance of your employees?
Yes No
A. In media
B. In communication to members of the employees’ families
C. In company notice boards
D. In office handouts for employees of your company
E. In Annual Reports of AGM of the company
18. What do you do in case of ethical dilemmas (situations of conflicts in interest between
company and clients, among employees, between employees and employers, between
company and government etc. in cases when the lines between the right and the wrong
are blurred)?
Please list of the actions:
A. Apply existing laws/regulations in the way it suits the situation
B. Solve the problem in meeting (s) with conflicting parties
C. Solve by decisions by management/Board of Directors
82
D. Seek public opinion
E. Other methods (please specify):
i.
ii.
iii.
19. Does your organization allow whistle blowing?
A. Yes B. No C. I don’t know
20. Did your organization have ever evidenced any incidence of the following nature?
Yes No
A. Employee harassment (personal, racial, psychological, sexual
etc.)
B. Misrepresentation in accounts
C. Employee discrimination (in promotion, transfer, compensations
etc.)
D. Frauds
E. Theft
F. Conflict with customer
G. Customer dissatisfaction notices
H. Unethical intimidation/coercion
I. Deception in business practice
J. Not following working hours
In case there is any yes above, will you please give some details (about the nature of the
incident and the action taken by the company authorities without mentioning names or
specific dates; the interviewer will take note in a separate sheet)
83
21. How do you rate facilities for the employees in your company?
n modera go
a te od
A. Day care center for children of employees
B. Canteen for breakfast
C. Cafeteria for lunch/dinner of employees
D. Transport for employees for their commuting to workplace from
home)
E. Physical exercise support facilities and short breaks during work
F. Allowance for prayer time and prayer place
G. Periodic recreation support by the organization
H. Accommodation (housing for employees in rented flats or
dormitories)
I. Medical support at workplace for emergency attendance
J. Fire safety system
K. Building safety
L. Protection of employees from professional hazards (causes of
cumulative trauma)
M. Employee provident fund/Gratuity
N. Job security with letter of employment (unless disqualified on any
legal ground)
O. Training/development of human capital
22. What actions does your company take in favor of environment conservation?
A.
B.
C.
D.
84
23. Are you familiar with the following?
A. Two-way test: Yes No B. Publicity test: Yes No
24. How strong is the Ethics training for employees/managers in your company?
A. no (if there is no such training) B. marginal C. Moderate D.

Strong
25. How good is the arrangement in your company for creating shared value of business,
institutions and community?
A. na (there is no such initiative) B. marginal C. Moderate D. Strong
26. How good is your company in promoting fair competition in the market?
A. na (there is no such initiative) B. marginal C. Moderate D.

Strong
27. How do you rate your company’s efforts in promoting innovation in business?

Strong
28. What is the position of your company in terms of promoting sustainable business
models?

Strong
29. How do you grade ethics practice in your organization?
A. Strong B. Moderate C. Marginal
30. What benefits you think that your organization can get because of being ethical in
conducting business?
A.
B.
85
C.
D.
E.
31. How do CSR activities help achieving the short and long term goals of your
organization?
A.
B.
C.
D.
32. Do you think that your company has contribution to implementation of national level
policy decisions? How? [in case of both Yes and No]
33. Does your company have any organizational structure for management of CSR?
A. Yes B. No
34. If the answer to q 33 is yes, how does it fit in the overall organogram of your company?
[Option for the answer may be: (a) giving a copy of the organogram, or (b) the interviewer may
take note of the description]
35. Is there any practice of conducting cost-benefit analysis of CSR activities in your
company?
A. Yes B. No
86
36. If the answer to q 35 is yes, what are the results?
A.
B.
C.
D.
37. is it possible that we can have the following figures (approximate or actual) for your
company? No Yes ; if the answer is yes, please provide figures (in mln Taka)
2015-16 2014-15 2013-14 2012-13 2011-12

Total annual outlays
Expenditures in fixed
assets
Operating expenses
CSR expenditures (total)
CSR expenditures
(philanthropy1)
CSR Expenditures
Others2)
1
the components of philanthropic activities are:
2
the ‘others’ part of the CSR activities are:
38. The interviewee’s comments on overall CSR activities of the company:
87
Firms Information
Volume of annual turnover (million)
Maximum 62500
Minimum 1
Average 8463.58
Std. Dev. 14990.97
How do you rate facilities for the employees in your company?
88
89

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Contents

Letter of Transmittal .............................................................................................................................. iv

9th October, 2018

Subject: Submission of Internship Report.

Signature of the supervisor

Department of International Business

CSR: Corporate Social Responsibility

BEI: Bangladesh Enterprise Institute

CSRB: CSR Bangladesh

EMBA Program: Evening MBA program

MNE: Multinational Enterprise

BAT: British American Tobacco

RMG: Ready- Made Garments

In the contemporary phenomena, globally competitive companies must portray themselves as

1.2. Statement of the Problem

1.3. Rationale of the study

1.4. Objectives of the study

 To understand the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility.

1.5. Limitation of the Study

 Respondents comprise only the students of EMBA program of University of Dhaka;

3.2. Research Design

3.3. Sampling and Population

3.3.3. Sampling Size

3.4. Data Collection

 Leading Pharmaceuticals of Bangladesh( Square ,Navana etc)

 Leaders in Telecommunication industry (Grameenphone)

 Many others manufacturing and export-import firms.

 Bangladesh Enterprise Institute

Valid Banking 27 29.3 29.3 29.3

Telecommunication 2 2.2 2.2 31.5

Footwear and Textile 1 1.1 1.1 32.6

Newspaper 1 1.1 1.1 33.7

Pharmaceuticals 6 6.5 6.5 40.2

Garments Accessories 2 2.2 2.2 42.4

Conglomerate 6 6.5 6.5 48.9

Advertising 1 1.1 1.1 50.0

IT 6 6.5 6.5 56.5

Energy 1 1.1 1.1 57.6

Freight Forwarding 3 3.3 3.3 60.9

Electronics 8 8.7 8.7 69.6

Housing 3 3.3 3.3 72.8

Automobiles 1 1.1 1.1 73.9

Service Provider 2 2.2 2.2 76.1

Medical Equipment 2 2.2 2.2 78.3

Garments 8 8.7 8.7 87.0

Consumer Goods 1 1.1 1.1 90.2

Financial Service 2 2.2 2.2 92.4

Packaging 1 1.1 1.1 93.5

Food Products 4 4.3 4.3 97.8

Healthcare Service 1 1.1 1.1 98.9

Ceramics 1 1.1 1.1 100.0

Total 92 100.0 100.0

4.2. How Extensive is the focus on CSR in your company?

How Extensive is the focus on CSR in your company?

Valid Nil 1 1.1 1.1 1.1

Marginal 16 17.4 17.4 18.5

Moderate 56 60.9 60.9 79.3

Extensive 19 20.7 20.7 100.0

Total 92 100.0 100.0

$CSR Compliance Frequencies

Components of CSR Employee rights and 67 16.8% 73.6%

Employers’ interests 42 10.6% 46.2%

Product quality and 68 17.1% 74.7%

Suppliers’ and 36 9.0% 39.6%