Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Fracture
Subjects of interest
• Introduction/ objectives
• Types of fracture in metals
• Theoretical cohesive strength of metals
• The development in theories of brittle fracture
• Fractographic observation in brittle fracture
• Ductile fracture
• Ductile to brittle transition behaviour
• Intergranular fracture
• Factors affecting modes of fracture
• Concept of the fracture curve
Suranaree University of Technology Tapany Udomphol May-Aug 2007
Objectives
Ductile failure
Failure in metallic materials Ductile fracture involves a large
can be divided into two amount of plastic deformation and
main categories; can be detected beforehand.
Brittle failure
12 12
Eγ s 95 × 10 9 × 1
σ max = = −9
= 24.4 GPa
ao 0.16 × 10
• However, metals are not ideally brittle and normally fail with
certain amounts of plastic deformation, the fracture stress is
increased due to blunting of the crack tip.
12 12
2 E (γ s + γ p ) Eγ p
σf = ≈ , when γ p >> γ 2 ...Eq. 6
π (1 − υ 2
) a (1 − υ )a
2
2γ s
τs ≈τi + nb
nb ...Eq. 7 τs
Eπγ
Dislocation pile-up
τ eff = τ y − τ i forming micocrack
(
4 1−υ 2 d ) ...Eq. 8 τ−τl
where σθθ
r
τeff is the effective shear stress d/2 σθθ
2 2
River marking
or stress lines
ck
C ra h
r owt
g on
Twist boundary c ti
dire
250 x