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enhancements in Release 9
Mai 2010
Eiko Seidel, Elie Saad
Nomor Research GmbH, Munich, Germany
LTE Release 9 provides further functionality to In contrast to cell selection for Idle UEs, network-
support more efficiently HeNBs operation and to controlled handover functionality is required for
provide a better user experience. UEs in RRC Connected state with an established
connection to the network. As described before,
The key functionality added the Radio Access the inbound handover from a Macro eNB to an
Network for HeNBs in Release 9 are: HeNB is not supported in Release 8. Before
making a handover decision to a HeNB, the Macro
• A novel Hybrid Cell concept eNB needs to acquire UE measurement
• Management of out-of-date CSG info information related to the so-called target CSG
• Inbound Mobility (including proximity cell. Nevertheless, UEs cannot continuously make
reports) measurements and read the system information
• Access Control of lots of CSG cells in cases of large scale HeNB
• Operation, Administration and deployments. In order to allow the UE to make
Maintenance for HeNB those measurements efficiently, a newly defined
• Operator controlled CSG list proximity report can be configured within the RRC
• RF Requirements for TDD and FDD Reconfiguration message. This proximity report
HeNBs will allow the UE to send a so-called “proximity
indication” to the source eNB in the uplink
2. Proximity Indication
4. Measurement Report
HeNB
5. System Information
Request
6. BCCH System Information (Global Cell ID, Tracking Area ID, CSG ID)
The number of the HeNBs may be very large and
7. Report
System Information
located at a private residence which is not
8. HO Required
(Access Mode, CSG ID) accessible for onsite maintenance. Therefore, it is
9. Access control based on
reported CSG ID essential that management functionality is
10. HO Request
(CSG ID, Membership Status)
11. HO Request
defined, including considerations for multi-vendor
(CSG ID*, Membership Status)
Configuration Management: The HeMS configures In some scenarios, the HeNB output power can
the HeNBs using the TR-069 CPE WAN cause interference from/to macro cells and
Management Protocol (CWMP). HeMS is able to from/to other CSG cells. Means are therfore
reboot the HeNB and start/stop transmissions on provided to allow the operator to reduce the
certain frequencies. The HeNB shall also be interference caused by the HeNBs to the macro
allowed to download software. cell or to other HeNBs.
Requirements for Performance, Fault and Security For example, recommendations are given to
Management were defined. measure the signals from the macro cell or other
cells, and guidance is given on how to reduce the
Performance Management: The HeNB can collect expected output power in relevant scenarios.
performance data and send it to the HeMS.
Two Release 9 technical reports were published
Fault management: The HeNB will support fault for LTE FDD [5] and TDD [6] respectively. The
management, enabling the operator to monitor documents themselves are informative, providing
and manage it. The HeNB will also provide alarm- guidance to the manufacturer and operators.
related information on demand or based on HeMS Interference reduction techniques for uplink and
policy. downlink scenarios and required measurements
are described.
Security Management: The HeNB must protect
itself against attacks via interface type 1. Some of the possible measurements are:
• Measurements from all cells: The HeNB
Operator controlled CSG lists could use the Received Interference
CSG IDs and Whitelists were already introduced in Power measurement of its own receiver
Release 8 to make the UEs aware of the CSG cells to monitor uplink interference e.g.
and to prevent the UEs from trying to access interference from a closely located UE,
every CSG cell wasting their battery life. CSG connected to a Macro eNB.
related parameters are stored on the SIM card • Measurements from macro cells: The
(USIM) of the UE. HeNB can obtain useful information from
its surrounding macro cells for purposes
Release 9 introduces an additional operator- such as interference management.
controlled CSG list on the UE. The operator CSG • Measurements to identify surrounding
list is provided to the UE based on procedures for cell layers: The HeNB can obtain useful
a Release 9 USIM as defined in TS 31.102. information to identify the layer of its
surrounding cells for purposes of mobility
CSG entries on the USIM consist of: handling.
• PLMN Identifier • Measurements of other HeNB cells: The
• CSG Identifier HeNB can obtain useful information from
• Home eNodeB Name its adjacent HeNBs for purposes such as
• CSG Type interference management.
A UE camped on a CSG or hybrid cell will display The latter three measurement types would
the CSG Type (if available) or the HNB Name. require an additional downlink receiver within the
HeNB to measure the signal from the surrounding
base stations: a so called Network Listening
HeNB RF requirements for TDD and FDD
Module or a HeNB Sniffer.
Due to the expected uncoordinated, large scale
deployment, new requirements have been Several techniques have been identified for
introduced which resulted in modifications to the downlink interference reduction, e.g. Control
RF specifications. The outcome of work done in Channel Interference Protection, Data Protection
Release 8 was captured in a technical report TR and Power Control are suggested and analyzed.
25.820. In Release 9 significant work was done to Control Channel Protection and Power Control is
define HeNB specific RF requirements. UE RF suggested for uplink interference reduction.
specifications, on the other hand, were not