Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
1. Tenses
A. Names of Tenses
ENGLISH :S V C M
S : Subject
V : Verb
C : Complement
M : Modifier
C. Sentence
D. Verb
There are 2 verbs; regular and irregular verb (see at appendix), both of them have 4 forms:
1. V1 – Present
2. V2 – Past
3. V3 – Past Participle
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4. V4 – Present Participle
A. PRESENT
B. PAST
1. VERB TO BE
a. Present Tense: S + is/am/are + M 1. VERB TO BE
Example: She is at home everyday a. Past Tense: S + was/were + M
b. Present Continuous: S + is/am/are + being + M Example: She was at home yesterday
Example: She is being at home now b. Past Continuous: S + was/were + being + M
c. Present Perfect: S + has/have + been + M Example: She was being at home
Example: She has been at home already c. Past Perfect: S + had been + M
d. Present Perfect Cont. : S + has/have been + being + M Example: She had been at home
Example: She has been being at home since 12 o’clock d. Ps Perfect Continuous: S + had been + being + M
Example: She had been being at home
2. VERBAL ACTIVE
a. Present Tense: S + V1/V1+s/es 2. VERBAL ACTIVE
Example: He works everyday a. Past Tense: S + V2
b. Present Continuous: S + is/am/are + V-ing Example: I worked yesterday
Example: He is working b. Past Continuous: S + was/were + V-ing
c. Present Perfect: S + has/have + V3 Example: I was working yesterday
Example: He has worked for three hours c. Past Perfect: S + had + V3
d. Present Perfect Continuous: S + has/have been + Ving Example: I had worked
Example: He has been working since 4 o’clock d. Past Perfect Continuous: S + had been + V-ing
Example: I had been working
3. VERBAL PASSIVE
a. Present Tense: S + is/am/are + V3 3. VERBAL PASSIVE
Example: Ballito is bitten by Julia a. Past Tense: S + was/were + V3
b. Present Continuous: S + is/am/are + being + V3 Example: Ballito was bitten by Julia
Example: Ballito is being bitten by Julia b. Past Continuous: S + was/were + being + V3
c. Present Perfect: S + has/have + been + V3 Example: Ballito was being bitten by Julia
Example: Ballito has been bitten by Julia c. Past Perfect: S + had been + V3
d. Present Pf Continuous: S + has/have + been being + V3 Example: Ballito had been bitten by Julia
Example: Ballito has been being bitten by Julia d. Past Perfect Continuous: S + had been being + V3
Example: Ballito had been being bitten by Julia
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Example: Next week I shall have to go to Bandung.
D. PAST FUTURE
C. PRESENT FUTURE
1. NON VERBAL
1. NON VERBAL a. Past Future Tense: S + should/would + be + M
a. Present Future Tense: S + shall/will + be + M Example: She would be at home tomorrow
Example: She will be at home tomorrow b. Past F Continuous: S + should/would + be being + M
b. Pr Future Continuous: S + shall/will + be + being + M i.g: She would be being at home at this time next week
i.g: She will be being at home at this time next week c. Past F Perfect: S + should/would + have been + M
c. Present Future Perfect: S + shall/will + have been + M Example: She would have been at home
Example: She will have been at home d. Ps F Pf Cont.: S + should/would have been+being + M
d. Pr F Pf Cont. : S + shall/will + have been + being + M Example: She would have been being at home
Example: She will have been being at home
2. VERBAL ACTIVE
2. VERBAL ACTIVE a. Past Future Tense: S + should/would + V1
a. Present Future Tense: S + shall/will + V1 Example: I would clean my room
Example: I will clean my room b. Past Future Continuous: S + should/would be + V-ing
b. Present Future Continuous: S + shall/will be + V-ing Example: I would be cleaning my room
Example: I will be cleaning my room c. Past Future Perfect: S + should/would + have + V3
c. Present Future Perfect: S + shall/will + have + V3 Example: I would have cleaned my room
Example: I will have cleaned my room d. Ps F Pf Cont.: S + should/would + have been + V-ing
d. Pr F Pf Continuous: S + shall/will have been + V-ing Example: I would have been cleaning my room
Example: I will have been cleaning my room
3. VERBAL PASSIVE
3. VERBAL PASSIVE a. Past Future Tense: S + should/would be + V3
a. Present Future Tense: S + shall/will be + V3 Example: Ballito would be bitten by Julia
Example: Ballito will be bitten by Julia b. Past F Continuous: S + should/would be + being + V3
b. Pr Future Continuous: S + shall/will be + being + V3 Example: Ballito would be being bitten by Julia
Example: Ballito will be being bitten by Julia c. Past F Perfect: S + should/would + have been + V3
c. Pr Future Perfect: S + shall/will + have been + V3 Example: Ballito would have been bitten by Julia
Example: Ballito will have been bitten by Julia d. Ps F Pf Cont: S + should/would +have been being+ V3
d. Pr F Pf Cont: S + shall/will + have been being + V3 Example: Ballito would have been being bitten by Julia
Example: Ballito will have been being bitten by Julia
CAN
Present: CAN
Example: I can swim very well
Past: COULD
Example: I could swim very well
Future: SHALL BE ABLE TO
Example: I shall not be able to swim tomorrow
MAY
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PRESENT USING EXAMPLE ADVERB
Present Tense It is used to indicate a Harun always swims in always, usually,
regular time or habitual the evening. generally, often,
action sometimes, seldom,
never, as a rule,
frequently, nowadays,
here, there, habitually,
every, (occasionally,
once in a while, on and
off, now and then)
Present Continuous It is used to indicate I am reading a magazine when, now, right now, at
present time (now). now present, at this moment,
to day, look!, listen,
still, soon, this
(morning, afternoon,
evening, weekend,
holiday), next (week,
month, year), tomorrow,
tonight.
Present Perfect It is used to indicate: already, just, yet (-), as
yet, so far, up to the
a. An action that present time, lately, ever
happened at an indefinite
a. Wahab has traveled (?), never, once, twice,
time in the past. around the world. (We many times, several
don’t know when.) times, this week, this
b. An action that month, this year.
happened more than once b. Wahab has seen this
in the past. movie three times.
Past Perfect For Past Perfect, we can also Abu had been living in When
Continuous use the Past Perfect New York for ten years
Continuous. So, it is used a before he moved to
state which continued for a California.
time in the past, but stopped
before now.
PRESENT USING EXAMPLE ADVERB
FUTURE
Present Future It is used to indicate:
Tense
a. An action will be done in a. He will post the letter.
the future.
Present Future It is used to indicate that an I shall have read seven of by the end of, before, by
Perfect action in the past and Muhammad Profet stories next, by now, after, as
immediately finish in the by the end of this year. soon as, until.
future.
Present Future It is used same as Future By Eid Mubarok I shall by the end of …..
Perfect Perfect but the action is have been working in this
Continuous possibility to be continued in office for ten years.
the future.
Past Future It is used to indicate a He would have graduated Past Future Perfect if
Perfect conditional if that it if he had studied hard. Past Perfect
impossible occurs because
of unreal conditional, but as
image only if real condition
in the past, so the result will
……
Past Future It is used same as Present By last Eid Mubarak I By the end of this month
Perfect Future Perfect Continuous should have been working
Continuous but in the past in that office for ten years.
Question Analysis
Pattern 1: SUBJECTS AND VERBS
Secara umum, kalimat dalam Bahasa Inggris seharusnya mempunyai Satu Subjek dan Satu Kata Kerja.
Pertanyaan yang sering muncul dalam soal-soal yaitu dihilangkannya subjek atau kata kerja atau kedua-
duanya. Kadang-kadang kalimat dalam soal suka menambahkan subjek atau kata kerja yang tidak perlu.
- Dalam kalimat Bahasa Inggris sedikitnya mempunyai 1 SUBJEK dan 1 KATA KERJA
- Mencari Subjek dan Kata Kerja dalam kalimat
Example:
_________was ringing continuously for hours
(A). Loudly (C). The phone
(B). In the morning (D). The bells
Steps to Answer:
1. Mencari SUBJEK dan K. KERJA
Teridentifikasi terdapat 1 Kata Kerja dan bersifat tunggal yaitu was. Maka diperlukan subjek untuk
melengkapi pertanyaan tersebut.
2. Menganalisa Jawaban
(A) bukan merupakan subjek
(B) bukan merupakan subjek
(C) merupakan subjek bersifat tunggal
(D) merupakan subjek bersifat jamak (banyak / lebih dari satu)
Dari analisa jawaban tersebut, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa The Phone merupakan jawaban yang benar
karena k.kerja dalam soal bersifat tunggal, maka subjek harus bersifat tunggal pula.
Steps to Anwer:
1. DON’T FORGET ..... FIND SUBJECT AND VERB.
Diidentifikasi hanya terdapat kata kerja dalam kalimat tersebut yaitu was. Mike bukan suatu subjek
karena sebelum kata
Mike terdapat OBJECT OF PREPOSITION “to”.
2. Menganalisa jawaban
(A) bukan subjek
(B) merupakan subjek
(C) bukan subjek
(D) merupakan kata penghubung
Jawaban yang benar yaitu (B) the party lebih tepat karena merupakan suatu subjek.
Exercise:
1. Florence .............. they years after the Civil War the “Gilded Age.”
(A) Called
(B) Calling
(C) He called
(D) His calls
2. Early ............ toes instead of hooves on their feet.
(A) Horses
(B) Had horses
(C) Horses had
(D) Horses having
3 . ........ grow close to the ground in the short arctic summer.
(A) Above tundra plants
(B) Tundra plants
(C) Tundra plants are found
(D) For tundra plants
4. In 1867, ....... Alaska from the Russians for $7.2 million.
(A) Purchased the United States
(B) To purchase the United States
(C) The United States’ purchase of
(D) The United States purchased
5. Between 1725 and 1750, New England witnessed an increase in the specialization of ........
(A) Occupations
(B) Occupies
(C) They occupied
(D) It occupied them
6. The large carotid artery ........ to the main parts of the brain.
(A) carrying blood
(B) Blood is carried
(C) carries blood
(D) Blood carries
7 . ....... Radio as the first practical system of wireless telegraphy
(A) Marconi’s development
(B) the development by Marconi
(C) Developing Marconi
(D) Marconi Developed
8. In 1975, the first successful space probe to ........ beginning to send information back to Earth.
(A) Venus
(B) Venus the
(C) Venus was
(D) Venus it was
9. The two biggest resort ....... Arkansas are Hot springs and Eureka springs.
(A) in
(B) Town in
(C) Town are
(D) Town are in
10. NASA’s Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center ............ control center for the Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo
space flights.
(A) it was at the
(B) it was the
(C) was the
(D) the
Answer
Question Number 1; steps to answer:
1. Mencari Subjek dan K. Kerja
Teridentifikasi terdapat 1 subjek FLORENCE dan tidak ada K. Kerja. Maka diperlukan K. Kerja untuk
melengkapi kalimat tersebut.
2. Menganalisa Jawaban
(A) Merupakan K. kerja dalam bentuk simple past tense
(B) Merupakan K. kerja +ing, membutuhkan to be untuk menjadi K. kerja utama
(C) Merupakan kalimat (terdapat subjek dan K kerja)
(D) bukan merupakan K. kerja
Dari analisa jawaban tersebut, maka dapat disimpulkan jawaban (A) CALLED merupakan jawaban yang
benar yang bisa melengkapi kalimat.
A. PRESENT
B. PAST
1. NON VERBAL
a. Present Tense 1. NON VERBAL
Formula: ………………………… a. Past Tense
Example: ………………………… Formula: ………………………….
b. Present Continuous Example: …………………………
Formula: ………………………… b. Past Continuous
Example: ………………………… Formula: ………………………….
c. Present Perfect Example: ………………………….
Formula: ………………………… c. Past Perfect
Example: ………………………… Formula: ………………………….
d. Present Perfect Continuous Example: …………………………
Formula: ………………………… d. Past Perfect Continuous
Example: ………………………… Formula: ………………………….
Example: …………………………
2. VERBAL ACTIVE
a. Present Tense 2. VERBAL ACTIVE
Formula: ………………………… a. Past Tense
Example: ………………………… Formula: ………………………….
b. Present Continuous Example: …………………………
Formula: ………………………… b. Past Continuous
Example: ………………………… Formula: ………………………….
c. Present Perfect Example: ………………………….
Formula: ………………………… c. Past Perfect
Example: ………………………… Formula: ………………………….
d. Present Perfect Continuous Example: …………………………
Formula: ………………………… d. Past Perfect Continuous
Example: ………………………… Formula: …………………………
Example: …………………………
3. VERBAL PASSIVE
a. Present Tense 3. VERBAL PASSIVE
Formula: ………………………… a. Past Tense
Example: ………………………… Formula: ………………………….
b. Present Continuous Example: …………………………
Formula: ………………………… b. Past Continuous
Example: ………………………… Formula: ………………………….
c. Present Perfect Example: ………………………….
Formula: …………………………. c. Past Perfect
Example: ………………………… Formula: ………………………….
d. Present Perfect Continuous Example: …………………………
Formula: ………………………… d. Past Perfect Continuous
Example: ………………………… Formula: ………………………….
Example: …………………………
C. PRESENT FUTURE D. PAST FUTURE
e. By ending –t
Complain complaint mengeluh keluhan
Contain content berisi isi
Deceive deceit menipu penipuan
Descend decent turun asal-usul
Fly flight terbang penerbangan
f. By ending –y
Deliver delivery menghantarkan hantaran
Discover discovery menemukan penemuan
Injure injury melukai luka
Recover recovery menyembuhkan kesembuhan
f. Special changes
Bath bathe mandi mandi
Blood bleed darah berdarah
Breath breathe napas bernapas
Choice choose pilihan memilih
Food feed makanan memberi makan
Response respond tanggapan, jawaban menanggapi, menjawab
Sale sell penjualan menjual
Shot shoot penembakkan menembak
Storage store penyimpanan menyimpan
Unity unite persatuan mempersatukan
Death die kematian mati
Birth bear kelahiran lahir
3. Irregular and Regular Verbs
A. Irregular Verbs
V1 V2 V3
B. Regular Verbs
V1 V2 V2