A.

Reading Scanning
1. Definition
Face reading ( scanning ) or also called reading scan is read very quickly . When
one reads the scan , he will surpass many words . According Mikulecky & Jeffries ( in Farida
Rahim , 2005) read the scan is important to improve reading skills . Reading technique is
useful to search for some information as soon as possible . Usually we read word for word
from each sentence read. By practicing the technique of reading scan , a person can learn to
read to understand the reading text with a faster way . But , read by scanning the origin is not
used . If for the purposes for reading text books , poetry , important letters , from lawyers ,
and so on , need more detail read .
Scanning means looking for specific information quickly and accurately . Scanning
means flying over the pages of a book . Reading the scanning technique means raking book
to find something that is needed .
Scanning associated with rapid eye move whole sections of certain pages to search for
specific words and phrases .
Mechanical reading scanning ( scanning ) is a technique of finding information
from reading quickly , by sweeping the pages evenly , then when it got to the part required ,
eye movement stops . Eyes move quickly , bounding , and do not see the word for word .

2. Steps Scanning
 Note the use of a sequence such as numbers , letters , step , first , second , or later .
 Look up the word in bold , italic or printed different from other text .
 Sometimes the author put the keywords in the paragraph boundaries .

3. Step or other scanning process namely :

 Moving the eye like an arrow straight slide down find the information that has been
set .
 Once found the pace slowed to find a complete description of the information sought.
 Readers are required to have a good understanding with regard to the characteristics
of the read ( eg , dictionary alphabetically and there are keywords in the top right of
each page , encyclopedia alphabetically by reversal for a term which consists of two
words , and so on ) .
4. Purpose
The purpose of reading scanning namely :
 Finding information in the book quickly .
 Scanning is a fast reading technique to find the information that has been determined
reader .
 Readers have specified search terms before scanning activities carried out , the reader
does not read the rest of the text unless the information sought .
 Obtain specific information from a text . Typically , this is done if you already know
exactly what you are looking to concentrate on looking

5. Example
Read scanning / scan eg reading looked up the word in the dictionary , read
broadcast on television , read a list of the trip , find a phone number in the phone book , read
the list of menu meal at a restaurant , reading lesson schedule , looking at the bulletin board,
looking at the list of topics the contents of a book etc .
B. Reading Skimming
1. Definition
Reading- layap ( skimming ) is read quickly to determine the general content or part
of a reading . ( Farida Rahim , 2005) . Read layap needed to determine the author's
perspective on something , find patterns paragraph organization , and quickly find the general
idea ( Mikulecky & Jeffries in Farida Rahim , 2005)
Another understanding of reading or skimming skimming speed reading to get some
information on what we read . Skimming is done to make a quick reading in general in the
literature . In skimming , reading process is done by looking at the bounding main ideas in
the main reading material while understanding the theme of magnitude .
In addition to getting the main idea of a text . To determine whether an article in accordance
with what we were looking for . To assess the article, is interesting to read more in detail .
Skimming reading speed is usually about 3-4 times faster than ordinary reading .

2. Steps Skimming
 Read the title , sub- headings and subheadings to find out what the text discussed.
 Note the illustrations ( drawings or photos ) to obtain further information about the
topic.
 Read the beginning and end of the sentence of each paragraph.
 Do not read it word for word . Let the eyes do the outer skin skimming a text . Look
for keywords or keyword it.
 Continue to think about the meaning of the text.

3. Purpose
Many interpret skimming as a raking leaves, while the actual pemgertian is a set of
reading skills systematically to obtain efficient results , for various purposes , such as the
following :
a) To identify the topic of reading . If you go to a bookstore or library and would like to
know what discussion in which you select it , you do skimming a few minutes ( or
browsing ) . Skimming to see the material to be read , just to know the material , also
made people to choose articles in magazines and newspapers ( clipping )
 b) To find out the opinions of others ( opinion ) . For example , writing a newspaper
headline , you may simply read a paragraph pettama or end that usually contains the
conclusions made by the author ( editor).
c) To get an important part of what we need without reading seluruhmya . What to do is
look at all the ingredients to choose a good idea , but do not read in full .
d) To determine the organization of writing , the order of the main idea and the way it all
arranged in the unity of mind and look for interdepartmental relationships reading it .
Perhaps chronologically , comparing , or other forms . Skimming is useful to choose
the material to be learned and remembered . Skimming is useful to survey the book
before reading .
e) For a refresher ever read , for example, in preparing for exams or before delivering a
lecture . Skimming is also referred to as the review ( reciprocal ) .

4. Examples
Skimming to get the main idea of a text book pages so that they can decide whether
the book is useful and should be read more slowly and in detail .
C. Prabaca ( Previewing )
Prabaca activities will give us an initial understanding of the reading material at
hand. Prabaca activities ( previewing) that we need to do when you read a book , among
others, as follows :
a) Read the title page and copyright page . Discover the author's name and year of
publication of the book . Knowing the published book is very important to know how
the new ( how up to date ) the book of similar books .
b) Read the table of contents . Observe organization and subbabnya book includes
chapters .
c) Do skimming of the section ( chapter ) introduction. Then , note the illustrations ,
diagrams , tables . Read the titles and observe whether the end of each chapter there is
a summary or the questions to be discussed .
d) Note the first page of each chapter .
e) Do skimming the last chapter because it is usually the last chapter is a conclusion or
summary of the contents of the book . Note also the back of the book , if there is an
index , glossary , bibliography , and other things that can help understand the contents
of the book .

Furthermore , the following are the instructions do prabaca ( previewing) to a chapter of a

book or an article :
a) Read the title of the chapter or article.
b) Note entire existing illustrations .
c) If chapters or articles are composed of sub - section or sub -topics , do skimming
against sub - section title or the sub -topics .
d) Do also skimming towards the beginning and end of the paragraph and the summary
chapter or article . If there are questions at the end of the chapter , do also to them
skimming .
 The benefits of doing prabaca ( previewing) , among others, as follows :

a) Knowing the type ( genre ) reading materials encountered , the context of the
discussion / storytelling , topic / theme of reading materials , complexity and
organization of reading material.
b) Activating background knowledge he already has thus enabling the reader more easily
grasp the meaning of the text is read though many words used in the text was still
foreign to him.
c) Raise awareness for the reader that in order to capture mekna from a reader reading
does not have to read word for word from the reading material , but instead seek to
capture the meaning of the whole sentence , paragraph , and discourse ( Mikulecky ,
1990: 35-38 ) .
D. Topic
Topic ( Greek : topoi ) is the main core of the entire contents of the article to be
delivered or better known as the subject. The topic was the first determined when the author
will make writing . The topic is still early the next developed by making coverage more
narrow or wider .There are several criteria for a topic that is said to be good , such is the topic
should cover the entire contents of the writing , which is able to answer the question of what
the problem was about to be written .
The main characteristic scope of the topic is over a msih problem is general and is
not described in more detail . Regular topic consists of a one or two short words , and has
similarities and differences with the theme essay . The equation is a good topic or theme both
samasama can be used as the title essay . Meanwhile , the difference is the topic still contain
common , while the theme would be more specific and more focused in discussing an issue .

 Understanding topics and titles

The topic is a subject of a conversation or something that will form the basis for
writing an article.
Terms of a topic :
a) The topic chosen must attract attention.
b) It can be useful for writers and readers.
c) The topic chosen must have a clear reference source or estate , etc.

 Limitation issue a topic

Topics to be limited . Why it should be limited to the topic ? because if it is too
broad a topic , the topic was going to be shallow and not interesting to discuss . As for the
cover in such restrictions include : concepts , variables , data, location data collection and
time of data collection . Elements - the elements relate to each other , if one of these elements
is missing then there is an interesting topic and it will not be boring . Example , if in choosing
a topic we do not ignore the concept of the topic itself , the topics we choose it will not attract
the reader to read the article that we have made . So , in essence, all of these elements support
each other for a topic that can attract the attention of the reader to read the article that we
make .
  Differences Topics with Title
In conversation discourse . According to Howe opik it is a condition of the
formation of conversational discourse .Topic is derived from the Greek " Topoi " which
means a place in writing , speech or something that became the foundation of the topic is
penulisan.maka Topic is one of the elements that penting
The title is a name used for books , chapters in books , or head berita.Dalam article
title is often referred to as the head of the writing . There is a painting that defines the title
short an article or also called miniature contents discussion . The title should be made
compact, solid and interesting . Title article sought no more than five words , but quite
describe the contents of the discussion .

 Terms Title :
a) Original
Do not use a title that has ever existed , when forced to be able to look for
synonyms .
b) Relevant
After writing , re-read your essay , then look for titles that are relevant to your essay (
must have an affinity with the theme , or no affinity with some important part of the
theme).
c) Provocative
The title should not be too simple , so that the (potential ) reader can already guess
the content of your essay , if the (potential ) reader can already guess the contents of
your essay is no longer interesting .
d) Brief
The title should not be long-winded , should be concise and to the core who wants to
talk about that purpose to be delivered can be reflected in the title .
e) Should bebentuk phrases
f) Early word must be capital letters except prepositions and conjunctions ,
g) No punctuation at the end of the title essay ,
h) Draw attention,
i) logical ,
j) In accordance with the content .
E. Predicting / Guessing
This technique is usually a weapon for those of you who have problems with
vocabulary . You should not give up the face of questions that lead to the words you do not
know at all . So this technique ( read : predicting / guesing ) it is appropriate to address this .
This technique focuses on skills to guess , then there must be a possibility one . However , if
you , master the technique of guessing correctly , you certainly will minimize the possibility
of ' wrong ' answers .
When you do the guessing , you must consider seriously the context of literature
that supports you guess the meaning of this word .
Complicated by :
Name : Masmina
NIM : 2013 111 033
Class : 3.A
Lecturer : M. Ali Akbar Zam, M.Pd
 PREFACE

Praised be to Allah, who has given me mercy and blessing till me can complete this
matery. This matery was completed from some sources; the internet searching, book
information, etc.

Each chapter has detailed information about matery. There are five chapter which
are Skimming, Scanning, Previewing, Guessing, and topic. We should have a good skill in
reading, espesially for students English Department. Because English is becoming the second
language, and the students should mastering it.

Finally, the write hoped that this book can help to improve the readers using english
speaking in daily activity, work, etc.
 CONTENTS

Chapter 1