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maturitní otázka
The first civilization of America migrated from Asia during the Ice Age. The
first Native Americans were Maya, Toltec, Inca, Aztec and others. In 1492
Italian sailor Christopher Columbus rediscovered America with reached
Bahamas and the European colonization of America began including the
genocide of its inhabitants. Spanish conquerors conquered empires of Aztec and
Inca, whose land then passed to Spain. South America was divided into Spanish
and Portuguese parts. Colonization of South America began about 1650. That
cause long conflict between British and French. The Seven Years War (1754 –
1763) was in America between France and Britain both supported by Indians.
Britain took control of New France in result.
Amerigo Vespucci described America and the continent take over his name.
FIRST COLONIES
The first colony was established by Sir Walter Raleigh in 1607. English puritans
left England because they were persecuted. They used ship called May flower.
They reached Massachusetts River and the colony was named English colony.
Because of first harvest they started to celebrate Thanksgiving Day (in
November). Later it was renamed in “Virginia” in honor of the queen
Elizabeth I. The first settlement was called Jamestown in honor of the king
James I.
The next settlements were New Hampshire in 1630, Connecticut and Rhode
Island in 1636. All of the colonizers came for religious freedom.
Union together with Spain, France and Dutch. On the 4th July 1776 was claimed
Declaration of Independence made by Thomas Jefferson. The Union defeated
the Britain at Saratoga in 1777 and the war finished in 1781 but the peace
settlement was signed in Paris 1783 and it cause independence of 13 colonies.
The 13 stripes on American flag represent 13 colonies. George Washington was
elected as the first American president.
USA TODAY
The 44th president is Barack Obama who is the first black president.
The capital is Washington D.C.
There are 50 states, 5 territories, 1 district (District of Columbia) and other
lands. The states are divided into smaller counties.
There is capitalist economy, low unemployment and inflation, large trade.
80% of people in USA descend from European immigrants. Native Americans
are about 1%.
Official language is English with 11 dialects. Spanish has increased.
Dominate religions are protestant and catholic.
16. maturitní otázka
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