2, PLASTIC CAPACITY OF BEAMS AND FRAMESi CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION Li 13 PRINCIPLES OF ULTIMATE LOAD DESIGN .. 1.1.1 General Design Procedure .. 1d a sve 42 1.1.2. Design Loads and Strengths in the Ultimate Limit State... 1.3 1.1.3 Sub-Division and Use of Partial Factors. 16 1.1.4 Load Effects pated _ 17 1.1.5. Combination of Loads 19 FABRICATION FACTORS AFFECTING STRENGTH ..... Ld 1:21 Mechanical Properties of Ste€l accesso. LAL 1.2.2 Residual Stresses .. pee ae 1.2.3 Variation in Yield Stress over Cross Seotion 1.2.4 Geometric Imperfections . - LIS BEHAVIOUR OF STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS IN ‘THE ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE ...... 1.37 1.3.1 Members under Axial Loads 1.38 1.3.2 Flexural Members a 1.42 2. PLASTIC CAPACITY OF BEAMS AND FRAMES 21 2.3 BEAMS UNDER TRANSVERSE LOADING 24.1 Introduction ....... 2.1.2 Simple Plastic Theory .... 2A ate 2.24% 2.1.3, Moment Capacity .. «24 se 2.1.4 The Mechanism Method for Beams . 21S 0% 2.1.5 The Bound Theorems. 2.25% 2.1.6 Examples of Application of the Bound Theorsans 23 hey PLASTIC HINGE THEORY FOR FRAMES | 2.2.1 The Mechanism Method Applied on Frames, Illustration by a Portal Frame set eeenseans J 2.2.2 General Procedure for Plastic Hinge Analysis of Frames PLASTIC CROSS-SECTIONAL CAPACITIES FOR AXIAL LOAD, xx SHEAR AND TORSION .. a 2.3.1 Plastic Axial Load 2.3.2 Shear Capacity .. 2.3.3 Torsional Capacityvin 2.4 PLASTIC CAPACITIES UNDER COMBINED LOADING w.ssoon 2.54 4.1 Bending and Axial Load 3. PLATES UNDER LATERAL LOADS 3.1 PLASTIC COLLAPSE OF HORIZONTALLY FREE PLATE ELEMENTS: : 3. 3.1. Simply Supported Plate. 32 3.1.2 Clamped Plate 3.5 3.2, INFLUENCE OF MEMBRANE FORCES ON THE PLASTIC CAPACITY OF PLATES... ve 36 Simply Supported Plete-Stip with Horizontally Fixed Ends 3.6 2. Use of the Principle of Virtual Work on a Sin Plate-Strip under Concentrated Load 3. Simply Supported Plate-Strip under Distributed Load .~ 4 Clamped Plate-Strip. Horizontally Fixed 5 Load-Deflection Relation for PateStip with Partial End Fixity ..... ‘| 3.16 ly Supported 3.2.6 Nonlinear Analysis of a Ro/ro Deck 18 4. APPLICATION OF PLASTIC METHODS IN THE STUDY OF COLLISION PROBLEMS 4.1 INTRODUCTION cone . Al 4.2. FUNDAMENTALS OF IMPACT ANALYSIS Heed 4.2.1 Impact Geometry. 43 4.2.2. Energy Absorption 45 4.2.3 Simplified Impact Model 46 4.2.4. Estimation of Impact Duration 49 4.3, IMPACT CAPACITIES OF STEEL JACKETS ws we 412 43.1 Type of Damage Sere rece etal 4.3.2 Local Damage of Bracing/Lee 44 43.21 Ring Models - 4.15 43.2.2 Indentation Models... we 419 Global Deformation of Bracing/Leg ADA Capacities of Tubular Joints 4.30 4.3.4.1. Ultimate Strength of T-Joins in Compression 4.33 43.4.2. Ultimate Strength of T-Joints in Tension 4.35 4.3.4.3 Ultimate Strength of Y-Joints 4.37 4344 Ubimete Strength of In-Plane K-Joints me 4.39 43.4.5 Uttimate Strength of XJoInts rane 441