NURSING RESEARCH II

PRELIM

Name:______________________________________ Date:_____________

I. Directions: Read each question carefully, write the best answer before the number.

_____1. In every discipline research is part of it, the importance of research in nursing are as follows
EXCEPT
A. Nurses ask questions aimed at gaining new knowledge to improve patient care.
B. Accountability for care-related decisions; research expands nursing practice.
C. Reinforce nursing as a profession- knowing patient’s health care experience.
D. Creates harmonization in other field of health services.

_____2. Nursing research started with Nightingale during what war in mid-1800s?

A. Blackhawk War C. Crimean War

B. Creek War D. WWII

_____3. A nursing student will start with his research. He understands that it goes with a process, as
a scientific method a research will start with?

A. Collecting data C. Formulating research question

B. Defining a problem D. Analyzing data

_____4. Kevin is a member of the Nursing Research Council of the hospital. His first assignment is to
determine the level of patient satisfaction on the care they received from the hospital. He plans to
include all adult patients admitted from April to May, with average length of stay of 3-4 days, first
admission, and with no complications. Which of the following is an extraneous variable of the study?

A. Date of admission
B. Length of stay
C. Age of patients
D. Absence of complications

_____5. He thinks of an appropriate theoretical framework. Whose theory addresses the four modes
of adaptation?

A. Martha Rogers
B. Sr. Callista Roy
C. Florence Nightingale
D. Jean Watson

_____6. He opts to use a self-report method. Which of the following is NOT TRUE about this
method?

A. Most direct means of gathering information

B. Versatile in terms of content coverage
C. Most accurate and valid method of data gathering
D. Yields information that would be difficult to gather by another method

_____7. Which of the following articles would Kevin least consider for his review of literature?

A. “Story-Telling and Anxiety Reduction Among Pediatric Patients

B. “Turnaround Time in Emergency Rooms”
C. “Outcome Standards in Tertiary Health Care Institutions”
D. “Environmental Manipulation and Client Outcomes”

_____8. Which of the following variables will he likely EXCLUDE in his study?

A. Competence of nurses
B. Caring attitude of nurses
C. Salary of nurses
D. Responsiveness of staff

_____9. Raphael is interested to learn more about transcultural nursing because he is assigned at
the family suites where most patients come from different cultures and countries. Which of the
following designs is appropriate for this study?

A. Grounded theory
B. Ethnography
C. Case study
D. Phenomenology

_____10. The nursing theorist who developed transcultural nursing theory is

A. Dorothea Orem
B. Madeleine Leininger
C. Betty Newman
D. Sr. Callista Roy

_____11. Which of the following is an example of a primary source in a research study?

A. A published commentary on the findings of another study

B. A doctoral dissertation that critiques all research in the area of attention deficit disorder
C. A textbook of medical-surgical nursing
D. A journal article about a study that used large, previously unpublished databases generated by
the United States census

_____12. What is the best source to use when conducting a level I systematic meta-analysis of the
literature?

A. An electronic database
B. Doctoral dissertations
C. The Cochrane Statistical Methods
D. An electronic database and Doctoral dissertations

_____13. As a nurse you are expected to participate in initiating participating in the conduct of
research studies to improve nursing practice. You have to be updated on the latest trends and issues
affecting profession and the best practices arrived at by the profession. You are interested to study
the effects of meditation and relaxation on the pain experienced by cancer patients. What type of
variable is pain?

A. Dependent C. Independent
B. Correlational D. Demographic

_____14. You would like to compare the support system of patients with chronic illness to those
with acute illness. How will you best state your problem?
A. A Descriptive Study to Compare the Support System of Patients with Chronic Illness and Those
with Acute Illness in Terms of Demographic Data and Knowledge About Interventions
B. The Effect of the Type of Support System of Patients with Chronic Illness and those with Acute
Illness
C. A Comparative Analysis of the Support System of Patients with Chronic Illness and those with
Acute Illness
D. A Study to Compare the Support System of Patients with Chronic Illness and those with Acute
Illness
_____15. In any research study where the individual persons are involved. It is important that
information consent for the study is obtained. The following are essential information about the
consent, you should disclose to the prospective subjects , EXCEPT:
A. Consent to incomplete disclosure
B. Description of benefits, risks and discomforts
C. Explanation of procedure
D. Assurance of anonymity and confidentiality

_____16. As a professional, a nurse can do research for varied reason except:

A. Professional advancement through research participation
B. To validate results of new nursing modalities
C. For financial gains
D. To improve nursing care

_____17. Each nurse participants was asked to identify a problem. After the identification of the
research problem, which of the following should be done?

A. Methodology
B. Review of related literature
C. Acknowledgement
D. Formulate hypothesis

_____18. In the hypothesis: “The utilization of technology in teaching improves the retention and
attention of the nursing students.” Which is the dependent variable?

A. Utilization of technology
B. Improvement in the retention and attention
C. Nursing students
D. Teaching

_____19. Which type of research inquiry investigates the issue of human complexity (e.g.
understanding the human expertise)?

A. logical position C. positivism

B. natural inquiry D. quantitative research
_____20. A 75 year old client in a nursing home tells a nurse, “I signed the papers of that research
study because the doctor was so insistent and I want him to continue taking care for me”. Which
client right is being violated?

A. Right of self-determination C. Right to self-disclosure

B. Right to privacy and confidentiality D. Right not to be harmed

_____21. A supposition or system of ideas that is proposed to explain a given phenomenon best
defines:

A. Paradigm C. A theory
B. Concept D. A conceptual framework

_____22. A patient is participating in a cardiac study in which his physician is directly involved.
Which statement by the patient indicates a lack of understanding about his rights as a research study
participant?
A. “My confidentiality will not be compromised in this study”
B. “ I understand the risk associated in this study”
C. “ I’ll have to find a new physician if I don’t complete this study”
D. “I can withdraw from the study anytime”

_____23. Kind of concept that are characteristic of phenomena that are always present and
universal to all people such as age, height, weight.

A. Enumerative c. Relational
B. Associative d. Statistical

_____24. This is diagram that visually presents and interprets the underlying theory, principles and
concepts of research.

A. Conceptual Paradigm C. A theory

B. Concept D. A conceptual framework

_____25. The following are guidelines to delimit your study, EXCEPT:

A. Read extensively in the literature related to your field of interest

B. Seek assistance from your instructor.
C. Expands the strengths and weaknesses
D. Choose the important variables in your research

II. Directions: Directions: Fill in the blanks with the correct letter. Find the keywords in the box.

______1. The integration of best research evidence with: clinical expertise, patient values and needs,
and the delivery of cost effective health care. The ultimate goal is to promote positive outcomes for
the patient.
______2. Research conducted to generate theories. These theories help provide explanations for
phenomena.
______3. Testing theories in different situations with different populations.
______4. Facts collected and analyzed by the researcher from the participants in study.
______5. It usually produces data in the form of numbers. This research is based on post positivist
philosophy, which assumes that reality is objective, fixed, stable, observable, measurable, and value
free.
______6. Formulates a specific conclusion from a large amount of data.

______7. Identifies data and characteristics about the population or phenomenon. Can provide a
starting point for future research or generate a hypothesis or theory through observation or
documentation of a particular situation.

______8. A fact, event, or circumstance that can be observed or experience

______9. Used to explore a relationship between two variables. There is no control over the
variables.
______10. A concept or item that has values that can change and that can be measured,
manipulated, or controlled in the study.

______11. Type of research that explores the causal relationships between variables. Examines
whether or not one variable has a cause and effect relationship on with another.
______12. This type of research examines a causal relationship between two variables, but it may
not meet the strict guidelines of experimental research.
______13. A critical analysis of current information on the subject that will be studied in the
research _

______14. Literature that provides a comprehensive, unbiased analysis through the use of a strict
scientific design to select and asses each of the studies
______15. It merges statistical results from related studies to discover similarities and discuss their
findings.

______16. Based on a constructivist philosophy which assumes that reality is composed of multiple
socially constructed realities of each person or group, and therefore is value laden, focusing on
personal beliefs, thoughts, and feelings. This type of research often results in data expressed in
words, often in the form of a narrative.

______17. Generalizes from specific facts.

______18. This begins when the subjects are recruited and continues throughout the research
process.

______19. Research explores the reactions of a specific group of people who experienced a similar
event in their lives.

______20. Derives theories from the data collected in studies. This method has been used to study
postpartum depression, communication processes, and the way people with human
immunodeficiency virus HIV infection manage their illness.

______21.focuses on the sociology of meaning through close field observation of a sociocultural

phenomenon.

______22. Studies historical documents to determine an accurate picture of a past event or time
period.

______23. A statement about two or more variables and their relationship to each other.

______24. It consists of the individuals in the population from whom the data will be collected.

______25. Data collection tools. An example is a questionnaire created in a Likert scale format.

A. Instruments N. Quasi-experimental research

B. Sample O. Experimental research
C. Hypothesis P. Variable
D. Historical research Q. Correlational research
E. Ethnography R. Phenomenon
F. Grounded theory research S. Descriptive research
G. Phenomenological research T. Deductive reasoning
H. Inductive reasoning U. Quantitative research
I. Qualitative research V. Data
J. Informed consent W. Applied research
K. Meta-analysis X. Basic research
L. Systematic Revie w Y. EBP Evidence based practice
M. Literature review

III. Directions: Write T if the sentence is TRUE or F if FALSE.

______1. A clear statement of objectives will help you develop effective research.
______2. Research problems range from simple to complex, depending on the number of variables
and the nature of their relationship.
______3. Environmental variables won’t affect the research project.
______4. Determining which variables affect the solution to the problem.
______5. Confrontations can be a great source of a research topic so that the researcher can
take an active role in analyzing them.
______6. Websites or publications by government agencies or well-established non-profit
organizations are not reliable sources even with the absence of a named author.
______7. The statement of the problem should indicate what is to be investigated.

______8. Discovering and reviewing what is already known is an essential and early exercise in the
research process.
______9. Theories are non-speculative in nature and are considered as true or proven.
______10. Journals are by far the most popular vehicle for reporting research.
______11. Concept is a building block of theory.
______12. Enumerative concept exist only in some instances in the phenomena which are not
common to all conditions such as income, disease, anxiety
______13. Theoretical Framework consist of proposition, concepts and construct used meaningfully
as basis of the study
______14. Conceptual paradigm is diagram that visually presents and interprets the underlying
theory, principles and concepts of research.
______15. Research and theory can operate without the other.
______16. There is no relationship between exercise and cholesterol level, is an example of null
Hypothesis.
______17. Research is no longer a disengaged quest for absolute truth.
______18. Evidence based practice is a least interest in nursing research.
______19. Development and resting of knowledge is the function of research.
______20. Hypotheses are normally associated with
quantitative research and are often tested by means of an experiment or large scale survey.
______21. RRL is merely a series of summaries or abstracts;
______22. The common fallacy of the researchers in the review of related literature is the tendency
to accept the results of previous research as fact or proof that the hypothesis is correct.
______23. Hypothesis enhances knowledge by inducing critical thinking and deepening insights
______24. Complex hypothesis state an expected relationship between an independent and
dependent variable.
______ 25. The research topic or issue, sometimes also identified as a research problem, is usually a
descriptive statement rather than a question.
IV. Direction: Analyze and supply the answer for the following:

You are to start a research study with a title: “Handwashing and Nail Clipping Reduce Risk of
Intestinal Parasite Infection in School-Age Children”.

1. Using the IPO (Input-Process-Output) format, create a conceptual paradigm for the study. (15 pts)

2. What could be the alternative and null hypothesis of the study? (10pts)