We generally view objects as either moving or not moving.

In reality, motion can

be discussed ranging from very simple to extremely complex. The most complicated

motion that we experience everyday can be explained by understanding the simpler

ones.
WHAT A PROJECTILE IS
Have you noticed how basketball
player makes a three – point score? How
would you trace the path that the ball follows? Projectile is an object that is thrown
The ball is thrown with an initial velocity and and affected by the force of gravity.
travels a curved path. Trajectory is the path followed by a
projectile.
An object thrown with an initial
horizontal velocity and acted upon by the earth’s pull of gravity is known as
projectile. A projectile travel in a curved path called the trajectory.

COMPARING FREE FALL AND

PROJECTILE

Objective: Show the motion of projectile as compared to a free

fall.
Materials: 2 identical coins, plastic ruler, table stopwatch
Procedure:
1. Place the ruler on the table.
2. Place one coin on the protruding edge of the ruler and the
other coin at the end of the ruler.
3. Push the ruler forward such that both coins will fall, one as a
free fall and the other one as projectile.
4. Observe the two coins as they move and hit the floor.
Analysis:
1. Did the coins hit the floor at different times or at the same
time? What makes you think so?
2. Based on your observation, what generalization can you
make?
 Let’s Do It!

Make a distance – time graph that describes your walk from a

store near you and back home. Write a brief story describing
your walk that correspond to the graph you made. Don’t
forget to check your unit for the said distance – time graph.
PATH OF AN OBJECT THROWN HORIZONTALLY
Projectiles include objects that are thrown horizontally as well as objects
that are projected at an angle.
A projectile launched horizontally near the surface of the earth has no initial
vertical velocity. Therefore, its vertical motion is identical to that of a dropped
object. The downward velocity increases regularly because of the constant
gravitational force. As a consequence, its downward acceleration is a constant
equal to g.

PROJECTILE LAUNCHED HORIZONTALLY

Objective: Compute the horizontal velocity of a projectile.

Determine the horizontal distance (range) traveled by a
projectile.
Materials: baseball, 3 books, stopwatch, masking tape and 2 meter
sticks
Table 1
Trial dx1 t1 vx dx t2 dy dy % error
(m) (s) (m/s) (m) (s) (measured) (computed) dy
1

Average

Procedure:
1. Tape the meter sticks together.
2. Place a book under one end of the meter sticks.
3. Hold the ball at the top of the elevated case of the meter sticks.
4. Measure the distance (dx1) using the meter stick. Record your data on
the Table 1.
5. Let the ball roll down from the highest point on the inclined meter stick
and measure the time (t1) it will take the ball to move down from the
foot of the meter stick to the edge of the table.
6. Mark on the floor using a chalk (or any marker) the point where the ball
lands and measure the horizontal distance (dx) from the point directly
below the edge of the table to the point where the ball lands.
7. Compute the horizontal velocity of the ball using the equation
vx = dx1 / t1.
8. Compute the time when the ball leaves the edge of the table and lands
on the floor using t2 = dx2 / vx.
9. Measure the vertical distance, using the meter stick.
10. Compute the vertical distance by using dy = ½ gt2 and compare this
with the measures value.
11. Compute the percentage of error in determining the value of vertical
distance using
% error = measured value – computed value / measured value x
100%.

Analysis:
1. What factors can affect the value of the horizontal velocity of the ball?
2. Compare the measured and computed value of the vertical distance.
3. How can the horizontal distance travel by the ball increase?
4. What factors affect the motion of a projectile launched horizontally?
 Problem Solving

1. A gardener holds a hose 0.75 m above the ground such that the

water shoots out horizontally and hots the ground at a point 2.0 m

away. What is the speed with which the water leaves the hose?

2. A package is dropped from a helicopter flying at a height of 7.5 m

while traveling 15 m/s. how far does the package travel horizontally

before it hits the ground below?

3. An orange rolls across a table with a speed of 0.5 m/s and falls off

the edge. If it lands 3 m from the edge of the table, from what height

does it fall?

4. A frisbee is thrown horizontally with a speed of 12 m/s. If the

frisbee moves a horizontal distance of 15 m, how long will it stay in

the air?
 1. Compare the initial and final velocity of a projectile.

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2. How will the change in initial horizontal speed affect the

horizontal and vertical distance traveled by a projectile?

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UNIFORMLY ACCELERATED MOTION: HORIZONTAL DIMENSION
If a body maintains a constant change in its velocity in a given time interval
along a straight line, then the body is said to have a uniform acceleration.

ROLL, ROLL, AND AWAY!

Adapted from: K to 12 Learner’s
Module

Objectives: Calculate the acceleration of the can rolling down an

inclined plane, given a distance vs. time and distance vs
time2 graph of its motion; and
Describe the motion of an object given a distance vs. time
or a distance vs. time2 graph.
Materials: board/ plank (at least 200 cm long), stopwatch, tin can,
stack of books, protractor
Procedure:
1. Set up an inclined plane by putting one end of the plane on top
of a stack of books. Mark the plane for every 40 cm and label
these as 40 cm, 80 cm, 120 cm, and so on, starting from the
lowest end.
2. Measure the base and the height and calculate the angle of
inclination. Use the formula, Ɵ = tan -1 (height/base).
3. Roll the tin can from each labelled point starting with the 40 cm
mark. Start the timer as the tin can is released, and stop the
timer when the tin can has reached the bottom of the inclined
plane.
4. Ask your partner to record the time (t) taken by the tin can to
travel each distance (d) down the plane. Perform three trials
from each park. Use the table below for your data.
5. Graph d vs. t and then d vs. t2.
Table 1. Data on the Motion of a Rolling Tin Can
Distance, Time, t (s) Time2, t2
d (cm) Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Ave. (s2)
40
80
120
160
200
Angle of inclination: ________________________________

Analysis:
1. How will you describe the graphs of:
a. Distance vs time?
b. Distance vs time2?
2. What is the relationship between distance and time of travel of
the rolling can?
3. What is the slope of d – t2 graph? What quantity does the slope
of d – t2 graph represent? (Refer to the unit of the slope)
4. What do the graphs of distance vs. time and distance vs. time2
suggest?
1. A banca sails due east, covering a distance of 30 km in 2.0 hours.

What is its average speed? What is its average velocity?

2. How long will it take a moving body with an average speed of 15

m/s to go a distance of 180 m?

3. Suppose a tricycle driver driving in a straight line steadily increases

its speed from 5 m/s to 7 m/s in 4 s. What is it’s acceleration?

4. If a body moves from rest with an acceleration of 0.8 m/s2, how fast

will it be going in 45 seconds?

5. A stone rolls down an incline with an acceleration of 0.3 m/s2. How

far will it have traveled in 10s?

6. An automobile is traveling 50 km/h. it decelerates at 5m/s2.

a. How long will it take to stop the car?

b. How far will the car travel after the brakes are applied?