SPEECH ACTS
Concept proposed by John Langshaw Austin in
1962 one of the founders of pragmatic and later
developed by John R. Searle in 1969, both
philosophers of language.
Speech acts refer to the moments in which
statements occur in the communicative act within a
given context.
Speech Acts are group of utterances with a single
interactional function.
Theory of Speech Acts
A speech act has 3 aspects:
locution= physical utterance by the speaker
illocution= the intended meaning of the utterance
by the speaker (performative)
perlocution= the action that results from the
locution.
Levels of action Locutionary act: is the basic act
of utterance, or producing a meaningful linguistic
expressions. Performing an act of saying
something. Depending on the circumstances, do
any one of several different things, so we can use a
sentence with a given locutionary content in a
variety of ways. Austin defines it “as belonging to a
certain vocabulary…and as conforming to a certain
grammar,…with a certain more or less definite
sense and reference”
Ilocutionary act: are the real actions which are
performed by the utterance. We form an utterance
with some kind of function in mind. This
communicative force of an utterance is known as
illocutionary force. Performing an act in saying
something Levels of Action
Types of ilocutionary Acts Constatives: affirming,
announcing, answering, confirming
“We find the defendant guilty”
Directives: advising, asking, forbidding, ordering,
permitting
Commissives: agreeing, inviting, offering,
promising, I promise to call you tonight”
Acknowledgments: apologizing, congratulating,
thanking.
Perlocutionary act: are the effects of the
utterance on the listener. Reveals the effect the
speaker wants to exercise over the hearer. This is
also known as the perlocutionary effect performing
an act by saying something Would you close the
door, please?
Example A bartender utters the words, “The bar will
be closed in five minutes, “ The locutionary act of
saying that the bar will be closed in five minutes ,
where what is said is reported by indirect quotation.
The illocutionary act in saying this, the bartender is
informing the patrons of the bar’s imminent closing
and perhaps also the act of urging them to order a
last drink. The bartender intends to be performing
the perlocutionary acts of causing the patrons to
believe that the bar is about to close and of getting
them to order one last drink.
TYPES OF
COMMUNICATIVE STR
ATEGY
1. Nomination- collaboratively and
productively establish a topic
2. Restriction- limitation you may have as a
speaker
3. Turn-taking- process by which people
decide who takes the conversational floor
4. Topic control- covers how procedural
formality or informality affects the
development of topic in conversations
5. Topic shifting- involves moving from one
topic to another
6. Repair- refers to how speakers address the
problems in speaking, listening and
comprehending that they may encounter in a
conversation
7. Termination- refers to the conversation
participants’ close-initiating expressions that
end a topic in a conversation
CHAPTER IV
Types of Speeches
1. According to purpose
o Expository/Informative Speech o
Persuasive Speech o
Entertainment Speech
1. According to delivery
o Reading from a manuscript
Memorized Speech
Impromptu Speech
Extemporaneous Speech
1. Principles of Speech Writing
o Choosing the Topic
Analyzing the Audience
Sourcing the Information
Outlining and Organizing the Speech Contents
o  Reading from a manuscript
o
o Speaking with advanced preparation
Planned and rehearsed speech
Reading aloud a written message
o  Memorized Speech
o
o Speaking with advanced preparation
Planned and rehearsed speech Reciting
a written message word-for-word from memory

1. Principles of Speech Delivery

 Impromptu Speech

CONTENT STANDARD The learner Speaking without advanced preparation

realizes the rigors of crafting one’s speech. Unrehearsed speech Spoken
conversationally
PERFORMANCE STANDARD
 Extemporaneous Speech
The learner proficiently delivers various speeches
using the principles of effective speech delivery Speaking with limited preparation Guided
by notes or outline Delivered
LEARNING COMPETENCIES conversationally Most popular type

1. Distinguishes types of speeches.

2. Uses principles of effective speech delivery
in different situations.
3. Uses principles of effective speech writing
focusing on
o Audience profile

o Logical organization

o Duration

o Word choice

o Grammatical correctness

1. Uses principles of effective speech delivery

focusing on
o Articulation

o Modulation

o Stage Presence

o Facial Expressions, Gestures and Movements

o Rapport with the audience

PRINCIPLES OF
SPEECH DELIVERY