1.

Introduction:
One of the most important factors of modern and advanced technology is the
speed of a system. Technology always moves to be effective and efficient. Communication
technologies like other technologies have to be fast, cheap and efficient. For this reason, a rapid
development occurred in wireless communication. After second generation & third generation, the
next technology in wireless communications is the fourth-generation wireless network (4G). It consists
of the new technologies with all IP based, ensures high-speed accessibility through any wireless device
by integrating IP based devices, anywhere, with greater bandwidth, multimedia applications, and
visual technologies. Like all other technology, this technology has some problem in implanting.
Migrating current systems to 4G is a challenge for any country. Bangladesh is also started their journey
to implant 4G technology.

Radio broadcasting was the earliest successful application of wireless communication. Wireless
communication was expanded by the establishment of the first generation cellular phone. Radio
broadcasting and 1st generation cellular phone used analog transmission. Digital transmission was
introduced in the 1990s named 2nd generation cellular communication. As the day goes new standards
were introduced such as PDC, GSM, IS-54, IS-95, IS-136 etc. These type of system serviced 9.6Kbps
where now-a-days 3G system provides 144-384Kbps up to 2.048 Mbps. IMT-2000, the main body of
the 3G standard includes EDGE (enhanced data for global evolution) which is a TDMA system and
enhancement of GSM and also includes CDMA (CDMA-2000 & WCDMA). Besides 3G system
wireless local area network (W-LAN) were introduced for high bit rate and spectral efficiency which
is the base of the 4G mobile communication system. [1-3]

The most successful standard in this area is IEEE-802.11 class standard which is based on OFDM.
These system transmits at a rate of 54Mbps and has a bandwidth from 2.45GHz up to 5GHz.The main
purpose of the 4G system is low cost, high transmission rate, low error, uninterrupted quality of service
and high security. LTE was first opened in Stockholm and Oslo in December 2009 marking the
beginning of LTE in Scandinavia. The 3GPP organization submitted LTE Advance to ITU-T. [1-3]

In the outer world, people were working with LTE (Long Term Evolution) system from 2010 and was
launched in 2013. But in Bangladesh working with the 4G system was started after 2015 and mobile
communication companies introduced commercially in 2018. The main problem with LTE or 4G
system in Bangladesh is a new type of mobility system, antenna design, and quality of service, service
to multiple users, interference from other users, errorless higher bandwidth channel and mobile with
new capacity. 4G system is a new IP based communication system with new mobility.

In this report, we discussed 4G technology and its application, implantation, future challenges and
opportunity in Bangladesh. Already some mobile and broadband company of Bangladesh provide 4G
networks in some area.
2. Evolution:
The history of the mobile communication's area shortly listed within the following,
at the side of the individual evaluations of the chief contributions. Historically, wireless
systems were thought of as an alternative approach that was utilized in regions wherever it had
been difficult to create communication with wire-line.
 First Generation (1G): It is supported by analogy technique and deployed within the 1980’s.
It designed the essential structure of mobile communications and resolved several fundamental
issues, e.g. cellular design adopting, multiplexing frequency band, roaming across a domain,
non-interrupted communication in mobile circumstances, etc. Voice chat was the only service of
1G.
 Second Generation (2G): It was supported by digital signal process techniques and thought to
be a revolution from analog to digital technology, which has gained tremendous success
throughout the 1990’s with GSM. The use of SIM (Subscriber Identity Module) cards and
support capabilities for several users were 2G’s main contributions.
 Second and a half generation (2.5G): It is the extended version of 2G with data service and
packet switching methods, and it had been considered 3G (third generation) services for 2G
networks. With the same network of 2G, 2.5G brought the Internet into mobile personal
communications. This was a revolutionary thought resulting in hybrid communications.
 Third Generation (3G): It is deploying a replacement system with new services rather
than solely providing higher data rate and large bandwidth. Based on intelligent digital signal
processing techniques, several multimedia data communications services are transmitted by 3G
networks.
 Third and a half Generation (3.5G): It is a grouping of disparate mobile telephony. Beside
technologies designed to provide better performance than 3G systems, as an interim step towards
the deployment of full 4G capability. [11]
 Fourth Generation (4G): It is fully digital signal processing. It converges data and voice-over
IP. It supports entirely packet switched networks without circuit switched. It has higher
bandwidth to provide multimedia services at lower costs as specified in 4G standards.

Fig: 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G speed comparison. [4]

 Table 1: Mobile communication history and property [11-15]

Property 1G 2G 2.5G 3G 4G

Starting
1985 1992 1995 2003 2010-2012
Year
Analogue Digital
Driven Intelligent signal Intelligent software
signal signal Packet switching
Technique Processing Auto configuration
processing processing
Voice Voice, SMS
Voice, Data
Mono- Mono- Multimedia
Some Multimedia
Service Type service media Data service Machine-to-
Person-to-
Person-to- Person-to- machine
machine
person person
Multi-address TDMA,CDMA FDMA, TDMA,
FDMA TDMA CDMA
Technique CDMA
IMT-2000
AMPS,
Representative GSM, GPRS, I-Mode, (UMTS,
TACS, OFDM, UWB,LTE
Standard TDMA HSCSD, EDGE WCDMA,
NMT
CDMA2000)
Telecom
Telecom Telecom Telecom
Core Networks networks, All-IP networks
networks networks networks
Some IP networks
800M-900M,
Radio Frequency 400M- 800M- 800M-900M,
1800M-1900M, 3G-5G
(HZ) 800M 900M, 1800M-1900M
21000M

Data Rate(bps) 2.4K-30K 9.6K-14.4K 171K-384K 2M-5M 100M

Bandwidth Analog 25 MHz 25 MHz 25 MHz 10M-20M

Carrier
30 KHz 200 KHz 200 KHz 5 MHZ 15 MHZ
Frequency

Cellular
Large Large Medium Small Mini
Coverage
Starting year in
Bangladesh 1989 1997 2003 2010 2017

Multimedia
features
Simpler
(SMS, Speed, High speed
(less High security,
MMS), Better speed than handoffs, MIMO
Advantage complex) international
Internet 2G technology, Global
network roaming
access and mobility
elements
SIM
introduced
 3. Features:
There are many 4G feature frameworks have been defined from many
perspectives. In the following, we give some representatives of 4G perspectives.

 4G has a broader bandwidth, higher data rate, lower cost, smoother and quicker handoff, wider mobile
area, more various service etc.
 Wireless communication worldwide, or enjoy any service of any network service provider. An
advertisement policy added to this line.
 4G provide mobile multimedia, integrated wireless solution, global mobility support and customized
personal service.
 4G mostly focused on public systems and it is the extension of 3G cellular service.
 4G will encompass all systems from the public to private, operator-driven to ad-hoc, broadband to the
personal area and ad hoc networks, 2G systems to 3G systems. It focused mainly on personalized
services.

Fig: 4G Mobile communication. [5]

4. Application:
For new technology adaptability is one of the basic requirement. The application
of 4G given below:
  The main application of 4G is mobile communication. Sending data and voice simultaneously is
the main feature of 4G.
 High speed internet and data-intensive interactive user services.
 Smooth transmission in noisy area.
 Number of packets are decreased for video coding.
 Instant health care services by high-speed streaming live video.
 Real-time traffic and weather condition.
 Person by person accurate location finding technology.
 Video conferencing with multiple users.
 Redirect TV channel, 3D TV, high quality video like 4K streaming smoothly.
 For Multimode software application.
 For good call completion, widespread coverage area, integrated communication services.
 4G gives context-based personalized services.
 Using Micro-sensors and GPS receivers which are the main driven techniques 4G is adaptable to
moving object etc.

5. Opportunity:
In general, 4G Networks are designed in order to create an environment that
supports high -speed data transmission. Successful Implementation of 4G Network is a step towards
the creation of a wireless and broadband environment that provides something like rapid transmission
speeds, data integrity modules, and other related events. The possibilities with 4G Networks are huge,
as high-speed data transmission and many capabilities are now today is more feasible than ever. 4G
provides many features like higher bandwidth, high data rate, and lower authentication and ensures
that the service is constantly provided.

5.1 The Business Opportunity in Bangladesh:

With smartphone penetration at about 30%, we need

fast internet, and 4G technology is a perfect choice. Nowadays, almost everyone in Bangladesh has a
device like a smartphone, laptop etc. In these views, 4G has the perfect role to satisfy the need for
reliable and fast internet.

As the most prominent aspect of 4G is faster speed so future digital Bangladesh is always swiping
peoples with superior services as they likely to step into the digital world. Each and every day more
and more Bangladeshi’s are connecting to the internet with their smartphones, which is glorious for
the 4G opportunity. For the tomorrow’s digital world, Bangladeshi’s will use their smartphone to do
their online shopping, read the news, stream music, learn about new topics, watch movies,
electronically transfer money and manage their mobile accounts. Peoples are now turning their usage
from voice to data service, people are likely no more satisfied with the speech they also want to use
video call, photo sharing etc. So mobile communication is turning towards much more digitized
format, for this other business services are also going for the flow of change and it is now creating
much more profound opportunities for 4G.
5.2 The New Opportunities of 4G in Bangladesh

The ability to broadcast content presents operators with business models not previously available in
Bangladesh. These are like:
 Live Event Broadcasting: Event broadcasting is something like broadcasting at live events in
particular like sports events or concerts such as providing views or something insignificant to
the world but significant for a particular group. This also builds up an opportunity to make
instant replays and wishes. It’s like a magical event with much more realistic.

 Live TV Streaming: Using the 4G broadcast technology streaming of live TV such as news
which can also be offered.

 Audio Streaming: Audio streaming is similar to traditional FM/AM radio channels except
4G/LTE Broadcast can replace these radio channels and provide higher quality. LTE
Broadcast also enables to broadcast both in crowded and less civilized areas.

 Traffic updates: In 4G great advantage is the online GPS tracking of vehicles. It provides us the
clear view of the current traffic situation and also even something like tracking vehicles for
surveillance.
 Content sharing in OTT application groups: It is becoming common for individual users to
generate multi-media content such as video clips intended for a closed user group. Given the
nature of this type of group, there are chances that its members are clustered in a small area,
therefore, making the distribution via broadcasting efficient.

In other sense, making a fresh start with a sociable technology. The people's republic of Bangladesh is
now getting along with this modern digital technology.

Fig: User of digital technology in Bangladesh. [6]

5.3 Existing Spectrum for 4G Opportunities in Bangladesh

In Bangladesh, we need more spectrum to offer the best services. Allocation of the spectrum is a critical
issue for Bangladesh, at present operator has the least amount of spectrum in the market. To serve a
significant number of Bangladeshi mobile phone users with the minimal amount of spectrum is a big
challenge. To offer LTE/4G services, operators need to be convinced and also their customers need to
be convinced for the better glory and profound work of digital Bangladesh 4G is the essential element
like sweet for tea.

6. Problem of 3G/why need 4G implement in Bangladesh:

In this modern era of communication,

wireless technologies are developing day by day. The service provider needs to implement 4G because
3G technology must have some drawbacks which will be overcome by 4G.

The main problem of 3G is speed or data rate, which is up to 5M. This type of data rate is not suitable
for a lot of applications like IoT, air traffic control, security, multiple video conference etc.

Another problem of 3G it does not support voice and internet simultaneously. The internet connection
is off during the voice call. 4G supports voice over internet calls. 3G does not support huge internet
raw speed.

Fig: 3G versus 4G. [7]

A lot of high-speed application, the secure application already starts in Bangladesh. Day by day
internet user is increasing in this country. So we need more advanced technology which contains high
speed and more features. That’s why we need 4G implantation.
7. Challenges & Limitation:

Like all other technology, it is also not free from drawbacks. Cost is
an important factor for implementing new technology. Already a lot of investment done for
implementing 3G and its worldwide expansion, then the immediate investment for implementing 4G
seems doubtful. Other challenges which this technology will have to overcome are:

1. Need to train telecommunications vendors and operators.

2. 4G uses the higher frequency which leads to smaller cells. During low power, the SNR is low in a
cell because there will be an interference in the same cell.

3. For successful reception in the conversion of digital to analog signal must have to the higher data
rate and have to be able to detect multi-users.

4. The antenna needs to be smart like MIMO and have to be advanced error control techniques.

5. A dynamic routing needs to update all IP dynamically. But this process makes circuit design very
complex.

5. Advance multimedia operation by streaming video and supporting internet during voice call
simultaneously is the challenges for 4G.

Fig: 4G speed in several country. [8]

Now we will discuss challenges and limitation of set up 4G in Bangladesh for particular topics.
7.1 Challenges in security & policy

Implementing 4G most important factor is transmission data

safe as possible. So Bangladesh needs to obtain security measures for set up 4G technology.
Specifically,

“The 4G core addresses mobility, security, and QoS through reuse of existing mechanisms while still
trying to work on some mobility and handover issues” [9].

Therefore, the service provider of Bangladesh needs to develop an effective series tools which support
maximum security measures to protect data from hackers and other third parties.

Because of using the different operating system in smaller local area networks, there will be different
security measures and privacy issues. The encryption and decryption process is not same for 3G and
4G networks. So new devices and services need to set up. Need to modify existing security and privacy
methods thus they are applicable to heterogeneous 4G networks.

7.2 Challenges in Quality of services:

Beside security service provider need to promise to provide

enhanced connectivity and the highest possible data quality.

Sony Ericsson’s 4G Network for TeliaSonera promises that “The new 4G network will do for
broadband what mobile telephony did for voice. With the real-time performance and about 10 times
higher data rates compared to today's mobile broadband networks, consumers can always be
connected, even on the move”. [10]

So service provider of Bangladesh needs to develop an effective approach to enhance the quality of
4G networks, provide effective security measures and ensures all users are provided extensive
alternatives download for multimedia files without delays.

Integrating non-IP-based and IP-based devices is one of the main challenges of 4G networks. Non-
IP-based devices are generally used for services such as VoIP. On the other hand, IP based devices are
used for data delivery. 4G networks will support both non-IP-based and IP-based devices.

Besides integrating the mechanisms of providing services to both non-IP-based and IP-based devices
is one of the key challenges of 4G networks have to address.

7.3 Challenges in services & billing

Due to the heterogeneity of 4G networks managing multiple user

accounts and billing them has become much more complicated. Various billing and accounting
frameworks are being proposed to achieve this goal. The research community addressed this concern
and proposed several frameworks to handle the customers’ billing and user account information. [16,
17]
7.4 Challenges in mobile station

 Multimode User Terminals: To reduce the cost of devices should have to capable to operate
several networks. This will simplify style complexity and power assumption. The mechanism
of solving this problem is Multimode devices. It is a software system that supports the end
user device with various interfaces of the networks.
 Discovery of a wireless system: Due to the heterogeneity of 4G networks, mobile or wireless
devices must be able to process signals sent from totally different systems. They should
discover available services, and connect with application service providers. A compatible
device should have varied service provider protocols. Devices should have “System-initiated
discoveries”. This mechanism allows automatic download of software system modules based
on the wireless system the user is connected to [18].
 Incompatible roaming frequencies: To get 4G networks in Bangladesh we must have smart
devices with 4G support. But smart devices can’t give 4G service until it gets the compatible
frequency from roaming site or provider. Problem is many nations are using different
spectrums for their 4G services so devices should be compatible with these nation 4G roaming
frequency to get 4G services. Otherwise, if we travel abroad we may have to revert to 3G
networks.

8. Abstract:

As days goes people need the speedier network with less error rate. So Communication world develops
the new generation of the wireless communication system. They invented new design and way of data
transmission. 4G is the latest worldwide applied way of faster data transmission or wireless
communication technology. In Bangladesh, mobile communication companies have introduced 4G
technology this year (2018) and they have implemented it successfully.

This paper discusses this 4G technology application in Bangladesh. Here we have some lacking and
limitation in the application of a network with new mobility and design but it still has many chances
of advancement of 4G technology. In this paper a comprehensive study of this advantages,
opportunities, limitations, and application of the 4G technology in Bangladesh.

9. Conclusion:

Though 4G wireless networks are effective and efficient than 3G but still it is not
enough efficient for lot of application. For wider variety of services 4G needs to improve more. The
improve version of 4G is 5G. There are many countries are already uses 5G. We believe future research
will help to improve and built more effective and efficient wireless communication technology.
In this report, we discussed 4G technology and its application, implantation, future challenges and
opportunity in Bangladesh. By this report we gain knowledge about various generation of wireless
technology and their properties. We also know about 4G features, opportunity, limitations etc.
10. References:
[1] The Role and Future Challenges of Wireless Communication Networks for Cooperative
Autonomous City Vehicles-Andrei Furda, Laurent Bouraoui, Michel Parent, and Ljubo Vlacic
[2] Space time coding theory and practice – Hamid Zafarkhani
[3] 4G Wireless Networks Architecture an Overview and Security Issues on 4G -Javed Ahmad
Shaheen, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore.
[4] https://english.newstracklive.com/news/lets-know-how-internet-advanced-from-1g-to-5g-28252-
1.html
[5] https://reyman.wordpress.com/tag/4g-network/
[6] https://jmustafa.com/digital-in-bangladesh-2018-report/
[7] https://www.unifore.net/ip-video-surveillance/introduction-for-4g-lte-based-ip-camera.html

[8] http://clicklancashire.com/2018/02/20/india-again-shows-lowest-4g-download-speeds-among-
88.html
[9] Buracchini, “The Software Radio Concept,” IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 38, no. 9, 2000, pp. 138–
43.

[10] J. Fleck, “A Distributed Near Real-time Billing Environment,” Telecommun. Info. Net.
Architecture, 1999, pp. 142–48.

[11] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3G
[12] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1G
[13] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2G
[14] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4G
[15] Features in Future: 4G Visions From a Technical Perspective, Jun-Zhao Sun, Jaakko Sauvola, and
Douglas Howie MediaTeam, Machine Vision and Media Processing Unit, Infotech Oulu University of
Oulu, Finland Tutkijantie 2 B, FIN-90570 University of Oulu, Finland

[16] Ghys and A. Vaaraniemi, “Component-based Charging in a Next-generation Multimedia

Network,” IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 41, no. 1, Jan. 2003, pp. 99–102.

[17] S. Higgenbotham, Countdown to 4G: who’s doing what, when, 2008.

[18] A. Lyle, Clear, first 4G network launched, 2009