STEP 3 – UNDERSTAND THE WAVES BEHAVIOR IN OPEN AND ENCLOSURE

MEDIUMS

TUTOR:

EDUARDO GUZMAN

YELISA VILLERO
Código: 77155680

GRUPO: 203058_50

UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL ABIERTA Y A DISTANCIA - UNAD

ESCUELA DE CIENCIAS BÁSICAS TECNOLOGÍA E INGENIERÍA
VALLEDUPAR-CESAR
2018
 Activity Solution
1. When red light in vacuum is incident at the Brewster angle on a certain
glass slab, the angle of refraction is 35° What are (a) the index of
refraction of the glass and (b) the Brewster angle?
SOLUTION:
For light incident at the Brewster angle 𝜃𝐵 , we find experimentally that the reflected
and refracted rays are perpendicular to each other. Because the reflected ray is
reflected at the angle 𝜃𝐵 as illustrated in the following figure and the refracted ray is
at an angle 𝜃𝑟 , we have:

When light is incident at the Brewster angle, we know that the angle between the
refracted ray is 90°. This relation will allow us to determine the Brewster angle. By
applying Snell's law to the incident and refracted rays, we can find the index of
refraction of the glass. The illustration shows the incident, reflected, and refracted
rays:
b. We calculate the Brewster angle:
𝜃𝐵 + 𝜃𝑟 = 90° Where 𝜃𝑟 = 35°
𝜃𝐵 = 90° − 35°
𝜽𝑩 = 𝟓𝟓°
a. These two angles can also be related applying Snell's law:
𝑛1 → 𝑛𝑣𝑎𝑐𝑢𝑢𝑚 = 1
𝑛1 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝜃𝐵 = 𝑛2 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝜃𝑟 Where 𝑛2 → 𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠

𝑛𝑣𝑎𝑐𝑢𝑢𝑚 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝜃𝐵 = 𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝜃𝑟

Clearing the refractive index of the glass, we have:

𝑛𝑣𝑎𝑐𝑢𝑢𝑚 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝜃𝐵
𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 =
𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝜃𝑟
 (1)𝑠𝑒𝑛 (55°)
𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 =
𝑠𝑒𝑛 (35°)
𝒏𝒈𝒍𝒂𝒔𝒔 ≈ 𝟏. 𝟒𝟑

3. A laser that is inside a tank of water, shoots a ray of light upwards. If

the laser is located h1=12cm under water. At what minimum horizontal
distance d1 from the laser pointer should you shoot so that the beam
does not leave the water?

SOLUTION:
From the law of Snell follows the appearance of an interesting phenomenon, which
occurs when the refractive index of the substance in which the wave originates (𝑛1 )
is greater than the substance to which it tries to pass (𝑛2 ).

This condition is called internal total reflection and can be presented in optics, but
also with all types of electromagnetic waves. To find the critical angle of incidence
from which total reflection is presented, we start from Snell's law by making the
sine of the refraction angle equal to unity:
𝑆𝑒𝑛 (𝜃2 ) = 1
In this condition:
𝑛2
𝑆𝑒𝑛 (𝜃𝐶 ) =
𝑛1
We draw the outline that represents the total internal reflection of the tank:
Where:
𝑛1 → Refractive index of water = 1.33 𝑛2 → Refractive index of the air = 1
𝜃1 → Incident angle 𝜃2 → Refraction angle = 90°
We calculate the critical angle for the water, in this case:
𝑛1 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝜃𝐶 = 𝑛2 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝜃2 But 𝑠𝑒𝑛 (90°) = 1
𝑛1 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝜃𝐶 = 𝑛2
𝑛2
𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝜃𝐶 = (For 𝑛1 > 𝑛2 )
𝑛1
1
𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝜃𝐶 = = 0.7518
1.33
With what you get a critical angle of:
𝜃𝐶 = 𝑠𝑒𝑛−1 (0.7518)
𝜃𝐶 = 48.74°
Thus:
𝜃1 = 𝜃𝐶 = 𝜃
With this angle you get a trigonometric relationship between depth and distance:

𝑑1
Tan 𝜃 = Where ℎ1 = 12 cm
ℎ1
We cleared 𝑑1 :
 𝑑1 = ℎ1 . Tan 𝜃
𝑑1 = (12 cm). Tan (48.74°)
𝒅𝟏 = 𝟏𝟑. 𝟔𝟖 𝐜𝐦
4. In the following figure a 2,5 m-long vertical pole extends from the
bottom of a swimming pool to a point 30cm above the water. Sunlight
is incident at angle 𝜃=50°. What is the length of the shadow of the pole
on the level bottom of the pool?

SOLUTION:
When light strikes the interface between two transparent materials, such as air and
water, the light generally divides into two parts, as illustrates to continuation.

To calculate the length of the shadow of the pole, we first calculate the angle of
refraction using the Snell’s law:
 𝜃1 + 𝜃2 = 90°
Where:
𝜃1 → Incident angle 𝜃2 → Refraction angle
𝜃1 = 90° − 50°
𝜃1 = 40°
The length of the shadow is 𝑑 = 𝑥1 + 𝑥2
The distance 𝑥1 can be calculated using the rectangle triangle of above and a
trigonometric identity:

𝑥1
Tan 𝜃1 = → 𝑥1 = (0.3 m). Tan (40°)
0.3 m
𝑥1 = 0.25 m
According to the law of refraction:
𝑛1 → Refractive index of the air = 1
𝑛1 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝜃1 = 𝑛2 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝜃2 Where:
𝑛2 → Refractive index of water = 1.33
𝑛1 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝜃1
𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝜃2 =
𝑛2
(1). 𝑠𝑒𝑛 (40°)
𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝜃2 = = 0.483
1.33
𝜃2 = 𝑠𝑒𝑛−1 (0.483)
𝜃2 = 28.9°
The distance 𝑥2 can be calculated using the rectangle triangle of down and a
trigonometric identity:
 𝑥2
Tan 𝜃2 = → 𝑥2 = (2.2 m). Tan (28.9°)
2.2 m
𝑥2 = 1.21 m
Thus, the length of the shadow of the pole is:
𝑑 = 0.25 m + 1.21 m
𝒅 = 𝟏. 𝟒𝟔 𝐦