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𝑓(𝑡) 𝐹(𝑠)
1
1
𝑠
1
t
𝑠2
𝑛!
tn 𝑛
𝑠 +1
1
eat
𝑠−𝑎
𝑛!
tneat
(𝑠 − 𝑎)𝑛+1
𝑠
cos(wt)
𝑠 + 𝑤2
2
𝑤
sin(wt)
𝑠 + 𝑤2
2
𝑠−𝑎
eatcos(wt)
(𝑠 − 𝑎)2 + 𝑤 2
𝑤
eatsin(wt)
(𝑠 − 𝑎)2 + 𝑤 2
𝑠2 − 𝑤2
t cos(wt)
(𝑠 2 + 𝑤 2 )2
2𝑤𝑠
t sin(wt)
(𝑠 + 𝑤 2 )2
2
2𝑤 3
sin(wt) – wt cos(wt)
(𝑠 2 + 𝑤 2 )2
Inverse Transform
Transform of derivatives
EXAMPLE
A voltage e(t) is applied to the primary circuit at time t = 0, and mutual induction M
drives the current i2(t) in the secondary circuit of the figure below. If, prior to closing the
switch, the currents in both circuits are zero, determine the induced current i2(t) in the
secondary circuit at time t when R1 = 4Ω, R2 = 10Ω, L1 = 2 H, L2 = 8 H, M = 2 H and
e(t) = 28 sin 2t V.
SOLUTION
Applying Kirchhoff’s second law to the primary and secondary circuits
𝑑𝑖1 𝑑𝑖2
𝑅1 𝑖1 + 𝐿1 +𝑀 = 𝑒(𝑡)
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑖2 𝑑𝑖1
𝑅2 𝑖2 + 𝐿2 +𝑀 =0
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
Substitute the given values
𝑑𝑖1 𝑑𝑖2
2 + 4𝑖1 + 2 = 28𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑖1 𝑑𝑖2
2 +8 + 10𝑖2 = 0
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
Taking Laplace transforms and noting that i1(0) = i2(0) = 0 leads to the equations
28
(𝑠 + 2)𝐼1 (𝑠) + 𝑠𝐼2 (𝑠) =
𝑠2 +4
𝑠𝐼1 (𝑠) + (4𝑠 + 5)𝐼2 (𝑠) = 0
Solving for I2(s)
28𝑠
𝐼2 (𝑠) = −
(3𝑠 + 10)(𝑠 + 1)(𝑠 2 + 4)
Resolve into partial fractions
45 4
17 7 𝑠 − 26
𝐼2 (𝑠) = − + 5 +
3𝑠 + ! 0 𝑠 + 1 85 𝑠 2 + 4
Taking inverse Laplace transforms gives the current in the secondary circuit as
4 15 −10𝑡 7 91
𝑖2 (𝑡) = 𝑒 −𝑡 − 𝑒 3 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡
5 17 85 85
James, Glyn. 2015. Modern Engineering Mathematics 5th Edition. United Kingdom : Pearson.
https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/181160/what-exactly-is-laplace-transform
https://www.khanacademy.org/math/differential-equations/laplace-transform